必修4unit2词汇

1、Period 1Important words& expressions学习提纲学习提纲:话题话题 Important people，history and methods of agriculture(农业科学家、农业的历史和农业耕作农业科学家、农业的历史和农业耕作)功能功能 Persuasion(说服；劝说说服；劝说)语法语法 The ving form as the Subject and Object(动词的动词的ing形式作主语和宾语的用法形式作主语和宾语的用法)重点单词重点单词struggle，decade，hunger，disturbing，super，output，circul

2、ate，expand，battle，freedom，therefore，equip，export，chemical，confuse，regret，mineral，focus，reduce，rid，production，bacteria，summary，nutrition，skim，underline，comment, statisticoccupation, although, 重点短语重点短语rid.of，be satisfied with，thanks to，would rather，build up，lead to，focus on，keep.free from/of重点句型重点句型1

3、If so, what did you do to grow them?如果这样，你做什么来种植它们？如果这样，你做什么来种植它们？2Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil， making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆和大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，像豌豆和大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于种植要求土壤肥沃的农作物比如玉米从而使之适宜于种

4、植要求土壤肥沃的农作物比如玉米和小麦。和小麦。3He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。4.Using his hybrid rice farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.使用这种杂交水稻，农民们现在的收成是原来的两倍使用这种杂交水稻，农民们现在的收成是原来的两倍了。了。5.This special strain of rice make it possible to produce onethird mo

5、re of the crop in the same fields.这种特殊的水稻使得在同一块农田里多生产三分之一这种特殊的水稻使得在同一块农田里多生产三分之一的庄稼成为了可能的庄稼成为了可能 。6.Dr Yuan searched for a way to increase rice harvests without expanding the area of the fields.袁隆平博士不用扩大土地面积而寻找到一条增长稻米袁隆平博士不用扩大土地面积而寻找到一条增长稻米产量的方法。产量的方法。7Born into a poor farmers family in 1931，Dr Yuan

6、 graduated from Southwest Agriculture College in 1953.袁隆平博士袁隆平博士1931年出生在一个贫穷的农民家庭，年出生在一个贫穷的农民家庭，1953年毕业于西南农业大学。年毕业于西南农业大学。8. What do you think would happen if tomorrow there was suddenly no rice to eat？如果明天突然没有米吃了，你认为将会发生什么？如果明天突然没有米吃了，你认为将会发生什么？9.Dr Yuan Longping grows what is called super hybrid r

7、ice.袁隆平博士种植的是被称为袁隆平博士种植的是被称为“超级杂交水稻超级杂交水稻”的稻种。的稻种。10Thanks to his research，the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. 记忆有方记忆有方sunburnt get sunburnt for sth. to do sth. satisfied with regret doing sth. to do sth. build up 6 导致；造成导致；造成(后果后果)contribute to 导致导致7 . 使使免受免受(影响、伤害等影响、伤害

8、等)；使使不含不含(有害物有害物)be free from/of免受免受lead to keep free from/of hunger hungry disturbing freedom equipment occupy chemical nutritious discovery reduction 学习有道学习有道词汇短语过关词汇短语过关1.struggle vi.& n斗争；拼搏；努力斗争；拼搏；努力(教材原句教材原句).for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.过去五十年来，他一直在努力过去五十年来，他一直在努力帮助他们。帮

9、助他们。联想拓展联想拓展struggle to ones feet 挣扎着站起来挣扎着站起来struggle for 为为而奋斗而奋斗；努力争取；努力争取struggle against/with 向向作斗争；同作斗争；同搏斗搏斗struggle to do sth 努力做某事努力做某事；挣扎着做某事；挣扎着做某事struggle on/along 挣扎着，坚持下去挣扎着，坚持下去/ 勉强生存下去勉强生存下去 with a struggle 费劲地费劲地学以致用学以致用Dina，_for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a pos

10、ition at a local advertising agency.(2010湖南，湖南，26)Astruggling BstruggledChaving struggled Dto struggle完成句子完成句子那两个领导人正在争夺权力。那两个领导人正在争夺权力。The two leaders_ _ _ _.她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。她靠着非常微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。_ _ _ _a family on a very low income.are struggling for powerShes struggling to bring up 【助记【助记】 Farmer

11、s always have to struggle for a living. They often struggle against/with the bad weather for a better harvest. Some of them even have to leave their hometown and go to work in cities, struggling to increase their income. 农民一直都得为了生存而努力，他们经常与恶劣的天农民一直都得为了生存而努力，他们经常与恶劣的天气斗争来争取好一点的收成，他们中的一些人甚至不气斗争来争取好一点的

12、收成，他们中的一些人甚至不得不离开家乡到大城市打工，努力地增加他们的收入。得不离开家乡到大城市打工，努力地增加他们的收入。2expand vt.& vi. 扩大，增加；使变大；使增强；扩大，增加；使变大；使增强；使膨胀；使膨胀；expansive adj.易扩张的；易膨胀的；广阔的易扩张的；易膨胀的；广阔的expansion n. 扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展扩张；膨胀；扩大；发展【链接训练【链接训练】用用 expand 的适当形式填空的适当形式填空A tyre _ when it is pumped air. The _ of gases usually depends on the temper

13、ature.Now the _ land is becoming smaller and smaller.expandsexpansionexpansive (1)expand展开，扩大，使膨胀；不仅指尺寸展开，扩大，使膨胀；不仅指尺寸的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。的增加，还可指范围和体积的扩大。 (2)extend伸长，延伸，指空间范围等的扩大，伸长，延伸，指空间范围等的扩大，以及长度、宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的以及长度、宽度的向外延伸，也可指时间的延长。延长。 (3)spread伸开，传播，一般指向四面八方扩伸开，传播，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围，如传播大传播的范围，如传播(疾病疾

14、病)、散布、散布(信息信息)等。等。 (4)stretch伸展，拉长，一般指由曲变直、由伸展，拉长，一般指由曲变直、由短变长的伸展，不是加长。短变长的伸展，不是加长。用用expand，extend，spread或或stretch的适当形式填空的适当形式填空 The hot weather to October. Water when it freezes. He his body full. The fire soon to the nearby building.extendedexpandsspreadstretched3equip vt.装备；配备装备；配备 equipment nU装备

15、；设备装备；设备（不可数名词）（不可数名词）a piece of equipment (不可用不可用 an equipment)归纳拓展归纳拓展equip.with.用用装备装备，使装，使装(具具)备备be equipped with装装(配配)备；安装备；安装be fully/specially/poorly/well equipped装备装备齐全齐全/独特独特/简陋简陋/完好完好equip sth. on.在在上装备某物上装备某物equip sb. for.使某人具有使某人具有 A good education should equip you for life.良好的教育能使你受用终生。

16、良好的教育能使你受用终生。Its time to equip yourself for the journey abroad.你该准备出国的行装了。你该准备出国的行装了。The explorers were told to _ themselves with everything they would need for the voyage.Aassociate Bequip Crelate Dfeed3.regret n遗憾，懊悔遗憾，懊悔 vt.遗憾；惋惜遗憾；惋惜(教材原句教材原句)His father says that he has never regretted sending h

17、is son to study abroad.他的父他的父亲说，他从不后悔把儿子送到国外学习。亲说，他从不后悔把儿子送到国外学习。联想拓展联想拓展regret doing/having done sth 后悔曾后悔曾经做过某事经做过某事regret to do sth 遗憾遗憾/抱歉要去做某事抱歉要去做某事.(常和常和tell，say，inform等动词连用等动词连用)对将要做某事表对将要做某事表示遗憾示遗憾regret not to have done sth 后悔没做过某事后悔没做过某事regretthatclause遗憾遗憾feel regret for对对感到后悔感到后悔to ones

18、 regret令某人感到遗憾的是令某人感到遗憾的是with great/deep regret很遗憾很遗憾He regretted spending so much time on computer games.他后悔在玩电脑游戏方面花了这么多时间。他后悔在玩电脑游戏方面花了这么多时间。You were brave enough to raise objections(反对反对)at the meeting.Well，now I regret _ that.Ato do Bto be doingCto have done Dhaving doneI regret_ you that John

19、has been fired.I can hardly believe my ears. He is such a fine worker. (2013济南外国语学校质检济南外国语学校质检)A. telling B. having told C. to tell D. to have told“Tommy，run！Be quick！The house is on fire！” the mother shouted，with_ clearly in her voice. (2011湖北，湖北，21)Aanger Brudeness Cregret Dpanic完成句子完成句子Only recen

20、tly，when she began to write Growing Up Again，_ _ _ (她才后悔忽略了她妈妈她才后悔忽略了她妈妈)，“I dont know how to use a computer，”she admits. (2012湖南湖南阅读理阅读理解解B)学以致用学以致用did she regret ignoring her mom十分抱歉，那工作已经有人做了。十分抱歉，那工作已经有人做了。I_ _ _the job has been filled.她为自己发了脾气而深感后悔。她为自己发了脾气而深感后悔。She deeply _ _ _ _.用所给动词的适当形式填空用

21、所给动词的适当形式填空I regret (break) your glass；I will buy a new one for you.I regret (tell) you that you cant pass the examination.I regret (disturb) you so long.regret to sayregretted losing her temperhaving brokento tell disturbing 4. thanks to由于；幸亏；因为由于；幸亏；因为(教材原句教材原句)Thanks to his research，he UN has mor

22、e tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.由于他的由于他的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的战斗中有了更多的方法。方法。联想拓展联想拓展表示表示“因为；由于因为；由于”的短语还有：的短语还有：because of，owing to，due to，on account of，result from，as a result (of)，for ones sake，for the sake of sb等。等。because of因为；由于因为；由于owing to由于，因由于，因的缘故的缘故as a resu

23、lt of作为作为的结果，由于的结果，由于due to因为，由于因为，由于 on account of由于由于for the reason of由于由于的原因的原因【点津【点津】thanks to属非正式用语，在句中可作表语或状属非正式用语，在句中可作表语或状语。后面接的原因常带有积极意义，多用于好的方面，语。后面接的原因常带有积极意义，多用于好的方面，常译为常译为“多亏多亏”，引导的介词短语可置于句首或句末。，引导的介词短语可置于句首或句末。because of as a result ofowing to due to 语气最强语气最强,多用于表示直接原因。一般放在主句多用于表示直接原因。

24、一般放在主句之后之后,有时也可放在主句之前。和有时也可放在主句之前。和thanks to一样一样都属非正式用语都属非正式用语,用于解释某件事发生的原因和用于解释某件事发生的原因和过程。只是过程。只是thanks to常带有积极意义。常带有积极意义。 as a result of后面接的原因通常带有消极意义。后面接的原因通常带有消极意义。在句中作状语。在句中作状语。 属较正式的用语，常用于正式的通告或公开声属较正式的用语，常用于正式的通告或公开声明，在句中多作状语。明，在句中多作状语。可以作表语或状语，在标准英语中不能位于句可以作表语或状语，在标准英语中不能位于句首。首。due to sth.

25、/sb. 意为意为“由于，因为由于，因为”。 In San Francisco, four hundred people were killed as a result of/because of the earthquake. The accident was due to careless driving. Owing to a financial disagreement, the cooperation broke down and the two businessmen finally went their separate ways.Its acknowledged that th

26、e traffic accident was largely_ the drivers carelessness.Abecause Bdue toCthanks to Dwith a result of完成句子完成句子_ _ _ _(多亏了你的鼓多亏了你的鼓励励)，I made continuous progress in math，and finally made up my mind to study it in the university. (2012广广东东读写任务读写任务)学以致用学以致用Thanks to your encouragement(1)The failure of t

27、he plan was_（由于）（由于）bad management.(2)His absence was_(由于由于坏天气坏天气).due todue to the bad weather5rid.of摆脱，除去摆脱，除去(不好的东西不好的东西)归纳拓展归纳拓展(1)rid.of.常于用结构常于用结构 be rid of或或get rid of中。中。be rid of已摆脱掉，已除掉已摆脱掉，已除掉get rid of处理掉；摆脱处理掉；摆脱rid oneself of.摆脱摆脱；从；从解脱解脱He has gone, and Im glad to him.他走了，而我很高兴摆脱了他。他走

28、了，而我很高兴摆脱了他。He believed that his manager for personal reasons.他认为经理是出于个人原因想开除他。他认为经理是出于个人原因想开除他。You must .你必须摆脱这些陈腐观念的束缚。你必须摆脱这些陈腐观念的束缚。完成句子完成句子How to these things a big problem.Abe rid of；is Bget rid of；isCbe rid of；are Dget rid of；areget rid of摆脱摆脱 remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某提醒某人某事事inform sb. of sth.通

29、知某人某事通知某人某事rob sb. of sth.抢劫某人某物抢劫某人某物cheat sb. of sth.骗取某人某物骗取某人某物be rid of wanted to get rid of him rid yourself of these oldfashioned ideas6. He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。联想拓展联想拓展1)would rather do sth.prefer to do sth.宁愿宁愿(可可)做某事做某事 would rather (no

30、t) do sth.宁愿宁愿(不不)做某事做某事2)would rather do.than do.would do.rather than do.rather than do.would.prefer to do.rather than do. prefer sth 更喜欢某物更喜欢某物宁愿做宁愿做也不愿做；与其做也不愿做；与其做倒不如做倒不如做3)would rather从句从句(从句使用虚拟语气从句使用虚拟语气)would rather (that) sb.did sth.宁愿某人做某事宁愿某人做某事(用一般用一般过去时表示与过去时表示与现在或将来现在或将来事实相反事实相反)would

31、rather (that) sb.had done sth.宁愿某人做过某事宁愿某人做过某事(过去完成时表示与过去完成时表示与过去过去的情况相反的情况相反)4)would rather have done本来想做本来想做而未实现而未实现Rather than refuse to help you，I would borrow money from my friends.我宁可向朋友借钱，也不想拒绝帮助你。我宁可向朋友借钱，也不想拒绝帮助你。Dont come tomorrow. Id rather you came next weekend.明天别来，我希望你下周末再来。明天别来，我希望你下周

32、末再来。I would rather that you hadnt missed the exhibition.我真希望你没错过展览会。我真希望你没错过展览会。(事实上已错过事实上已错过)Rather than _ on a crowded bus，he always prefers _ a bicycle.Aride；ride Briding；rideCride；to ride Dto ride；ridingIf you let challenges stimulate _ annoy you，much more can be accomplished than you thought po

33、ssible.Arather than Bother thanCless than Dmore than完成句子完成句子There are ever more people on the Earth，and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives，_ _ _ _ _(而不是仅而不是仅仅为了继续生存而挣扎仅为了继续生存而挣扎)(2012北京北京阅读理解阅读理解D)汤姆宁愿独自一人去海边也不愿意与他们一起踢足汤姆宁愿独自一人去海边也不愿意与他们一起踢足球。球。Tom_ _ _to the seaside alone than

34、_ football with them.她宁愿去钓鱼也不愿去看电影。她宁愿去钓鱼也不愿去看电影。She_ _ _ _than see the film.翻译句子翻译句子We prefer typed articles between 1,000 and 2,000 words in length._rather than merely struggle for survivalwould rather goplaywould rather go fishing我们更喜欢长度在我们更喜欢长度在1 000至至2 000词的打印出来的文章。词的打印出来的文章。一句多译一句多译我宁愿步行也不坐出租车

35、去那儿。我宁愿步行也不坐出租车去那儿。 . . . I would rather walk there than take a taxi. I would walk there rather than take a taxi. I prefer to walk there rather than take a taxi. 7. lead to导致导致(result in) ；造成；造成(后果后果) ；通；通向向(不用于被动语态不用于被动语态)(教材原句教材原句)Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.很多化学物

36、质会导致癌症或其他疾病。很多化学物质会导致癌症或其他疾病。联想拓展联想拓展lead sb to do sth 使某人做某事使某人做某事/引导某人做某事引导某人做某事lead a.life 过着过着的生活的生活(1)lead to中中to为介词，后跟名词、代词或为介词，后跟名词、代词或v.ing形式。形式。(2)lead sb.to sth./sp.使得出使得出(观点观点)/引导某人去引导某人去lead o带某人进入带某人进入lead the way领路；处于领先地位领路；处于领先地位Teachers should lead students to think for themsel

37、ves.老师应该引导学生独立思考。老师应该引导学生独立思考。The discovery of new evidence led to _.Athe thief having caught Bcatching the thiefCthe thief being caught Dthe thief to be caughtLook over theretheres a very long，winding path_ up to the house.(2011山东，山东，27) Aleading Bleads Cled Dto lead完成句子完成句子A lack of confidence_ _

38、_ _(能引起很多痛苦能引起很多痛苦) (2012福建福建短文填词短文填词)是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？是什么让你开始从事演艺事业的？What _ _ _ _ _acting as a career?这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。This misprint_ _great confusion.学以致用学以致用can lead to a lot of sufferingled you to take upled to8. build up逐渐增强；建立；开发逐渐增强；建立；开发(教材原句教材原句)These chemicals in the food supply build up in peoples bodies over time.随着时间的随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。联想拓展联想拓展build sb/oneself up 增强体质增强体质build up ones health/body 增进健康增进健康build up a fame