时态语态专练

1、你写完作业了吗你写完作业了吗 ? ?英汉对照：英汉对照：“我半小时前我半小时前写写完了完了I did my homework half an hour ago” “正正写写着呢着呢I am doing my homework now” “马上就马上就写写I will do my homework in a minute”汉语中汉语中“写写”字在字在字形字形上未发生任何变化，上未发生任何变化，时间时间完全是体完全是体现在那些现在那些虚词虚词上的。上的。汉语中不论什么时间发生的动作或存汉语中不论什么时间发生的动作或存在的状态，在的状态， 其其动词只有一种形式动词只有一种形式，而英语的而英语的时间概

2、念时间概念更多的是通过更多的是通过动词词形动词词形的自身变化。动的自身变化。动词的词形变化词的词形变化, , 就是时态问题。就是时态问题。不同时间发生不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态，的动作或存在的状态，要用要用不同的动词形式不同的动词形式来表示，这就叫来表示，这就叫做做动词的时态动词的时态 People grow cotton here.They have caught a snake.Cotton is grown here ( by people.)A snake has been caught by them.英语中的谓语动词不但要通过英语中的谓语动词不但要通过“时态时态”的形式来表的形

3、式来表示动作示动作发生的时间发生的时间，还要通过，还要通过“语态语态”的形式来表示的形式来表示动作发生的动作发生的方式方式。语态语态（主动、被动）（主动、被动）掌握各种时态语态中掌握各种时态语态中动词特定的基本形式动词特定的基本形式关键。关键。一般现在时一般现在时现在进行时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成时现在完成进行时现在完成进行时一般过去时一般过去时过去进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时将来进行时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成时主动主动 被动被动Write/writesam/is/are writtenam/is/are writingam/is/are

4、 being writtenhas/have writtenhas/have been writtenwrotehas/have been writingwas/were writtenWas/were writing Was/were being writtenhad writtenhad been writtenwill write/be going to doShall writeWill be writtenwould writeWould be writtenWill be writingWill have written1.一般现在时1、表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有、表示经常

5、或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, seldom 等时间状语等时间状语 He usually （go） to work at 7 oclock every morning.2、主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点、主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点 She (have)a brother who (live)in New York. 3、表示格言或警句、表示格言或警句 Pride (go)before a fall.(骄兵必败骄兵必败)4、表示客观真理和科学事实等、表示客观真理和科学事实等 The earth goes around the sun. Guangzhou

6、(locate) in the south of China. goeshaslivesgoesis located一般现在时的主要考点考点一：考点一：表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去表示永恒的真理，即使出现在过去的语境中，仍用一般现在时。的语境中，仍用一般现在时。 如：如：I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.考点二：考点二：一般现在时的否定句和疑问句多借一般现在时的否定句和疑问句多借助动词。助动词。 He knows some French, but doesnt know any

7、German. 4.Columbus proved that the earth _ round. A. was B. is C. were D. areB2.一般过去时1、 表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复过去反复 发生的动作发生的动作 The car isnt here. Where (do)you park it yesterday. 常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945; at that time; once; during the war; before; a

8、 few days ago ,etc. did一般过去时2、表示、表示现在或将来现在或将来臆想的或非真实的情况，多用臆想的或非真实的情况，多用于于 以下句型：以下句型： If she died, would you die too? I wish I were back home. I dont like here. Id rather you didnt do it. Its time you went to bed.考点：考点：一般过去时的否定句和各种疑问句多一般过去时的否定句和各种疑问句多借用助动词。借用助动词。He knew some French, but didnt know an

9、yGerman.典型考题典型考题1.-Your phone number again? I quite catch it. - Its 6958443. A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cantA 2.-Oh, its you! I _ you. -Ive just had my hair cut and Im wearing new glasses. A. didnt recognize B. hadnt recognizedC. havent recognized D. dont recognize A 3.一般将来时1、shall用于第一人称，常被用于第一人

10、称，常被will 所代替。所代替。 will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见 时常用于第二人称。例如：时常用于第二人称。例如： Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？我先读哪一段呢？ Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？今晚七点回家好吗？will/shall do, be going to do, be to do, be about to do与与 的的区别区别（1）shall/will do表示事先未经考虑，而是表示事先未经考虑，而是临时起

11、意临时起意的的打算、计划。打算、计划。这种用法常见于会话中乙听了甲的话之后这种用法常见于会话中乙听了甲的话之后作出的反应。作出的反应。I shall/will not be free tomorrow.He will arrive here this evening.-Where is the telephone book? -Ill go and get it for you .-Youve left the light on. -Oh, so I have. Ill go and turn it off.(2.) be going to do表示表示打算最近或将来要做某事打算最近或将来要做

12、某事，这，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；也可种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；也可以以表示某种可能性表示某种可能性，即有，即有迹象表明迹象表明要发生某事。要发生某事。He is going to spend his holidays in London.It is going to snow soon.(3) be to do 表示按预定计划、安排即将发生的动作，表示按预定计划、安排即将发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远.we are excited because we are soon to go homebe to do 还

13、可表示吩咐、要求、命令或禁止他人做某还可表示吩咐、要求、命令或禁止他人做某事，或某事注定要发生。事，或某事注定要发生。You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam room.This medicine is to be taken three times a day.You are to stay home until your mother comes back.If you are to succeed, you should redouble your efforts.(4) be about to d

14、o表示立刻，马上发生的的动作，表示立刻，马上发生的的动作，The ship is about to leave. (1) Did you tell Judia about the result. Oh, no, I forgot. I _ her now. (2005 全国卷全国卷) A. will be calling B. will call C. call D. am to call(2) What are you going to do this afternoon? - I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _ qu

15、ite early, so we _ to the bookstore after that. (2005 重庆重庆) A. finished; are going B. finished; go C. finishes; are going D. finishes; go (3) Are you still busy? - Yes, I _ my work, and it wont take long. (05 浙江浙江) A. just finish B. am just finishing C. have just finished D. am just going to finishB

16、CB3.动词动词come/go/leave/arrive/fly/start/begin/ close/stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表一个按规定，等常用一般现在时代替将来时，表一个按规定，计划或时刻表要发生的动作计划或时刻表要发生的动作4.表位移动词的进行时表将来表位移动词的进行时表将来 Come/leave/return/go/start/set out等等5.在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作在时间、条件、让步状语从句中表示将来动作 When you come next time, bring me some magazines. If time allows, we sha

17、ll go there tomorrow. Whether he agrees or not, I will stay at home. The wet weather will continue tomorrow, when a cold front _ to arriveA is expected B is expecting C expects D will be expectedIf their marketing plans succeed , they _ their sales by 20 percent.A will increase B have been increasin

18、g C have increased D would be increasing3.Could you tell me if he _to Beijing tomorrow?A comes B will come C come D cameIf 引导的宾语从句中该用什么时态就用什么时态。B4.过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间或动作看将来过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间或动作看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。要发生的动作或存在的状态。如：如：He said he would go to Hefei on business the next day.We were all surprised

19、when he made it clear that he _ office soon. A. leaves B. would leave C. left d. had leftB 5.现在进行时表示说话此刻或现阶段正在进行的行为，表示说话此刻或现阶段正在进行的行为，be（am/is/are）+现在分词现在分词 表示说话此刻正在进行的行为。表示说话此刻正在进行的行为。（时间特征：（时间特征：now, at the moment； 动作提示：动作提示：look, be quite）例如：）例如： We are waiting for you now. Look, they are swimmin

20、g. 现阶段的行为现阶段的行为表示长期的或重复性的动表示长期的或重复性的动作，。（时间特征：作，。（时间特征：this term, these days）例如：例如： Mr. Green is writing another novel. How are you doing at school this term?与与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：You are always changing your mind.

21、6.过去进行时 概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。 It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。他们离开车站时，正下着雨。这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如：这一特定的时间可用时间状语连用。如：at that time; at 8 oclock yesterday morning; when1.I first met Lisa three years ago. She _ at a radio shop at the time. A.has worked B. was workin

22、g C. had been working D. had workedB典型考题典型考题3.Shirley _ a book about China last year, but I dont know whether she has finished it.A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writingD2.The heros story _ differently in the newspapers.A was reporting B was reporteded C reports D reported B7.现在完成时: 强调

23、过去动作对现在的影响强调过去动作对现在的影响 强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在强调动作、状态从过去延续到现在 主语主语 + have / has + done （肯定式）（肯定式）主语主语 + have / has + not + done (否定式）否定式）Have / Has + 主语主语 + done （疑问式）（疑问式）I have had a clock now. We have not heard from him since 1999.How long have you waited for him?现在完成时的考点 1、多和、多和for、since引导的状语连用引导的状语连用 s

24、ince 用来说明动作起始时间用来说明动作起始时间 for 用来说明动作延续时间长度用来说明动作延续时间长度 I have lived here for more than twenty years. 我住在这儿二十多年了。我住在这儿二十多年了。 I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。我从出生起就住在这儿了。I _ in London for many years, but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China.A lived B was living C

25、 have lived D had lived常见的时间状语，如：常见的时间状语，如：lately, recently, just, already, yet, up to now, till now, so far, these days, ever since, since then, for (during, over, in) the past (last, recent)常与常与现在完成时现在完成时连用连用He has been in the lab over the past two weeks.8.过去完成时 强调过去的过去强调过去的过去 主语主语 + had + done （肯

26、定式）（肯定式） 主语主语 +had + not + done （否定式）（否定式） Had + 主语主语 + done （疑问式）（疑问式）The train had left before we reached the station. 找标志，参照物找标志，参照物She said （that）her mother (go)to Paris. had gone典型考题典型考题The students _ busily when Miss Brownwent to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, leftB，were writin

27、g, has leftC. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left9.9.现在完成进行时现在完成进行时 强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的强调从过去一直进行或持续到现在的动作动作, ,动作很可能还要进行下去动作很可能还要进行下去(has/have + been + doing)1)They have been doing an experiment.2)He has been teaching for three years. 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的比较现在完成时：强调动作结果。现在完成时：强调动作结果。现在完成进行时：强调动作本身现在

28、完成进行时：强调动作本身 eg: Li has been typing letters the whole morning. Li has typed six letters today. How long have you been reading the book? How many pages of the book have you read? Xiao Ming has been playing football since 4. Xiao Ming has played football 3 times this week.10。将来进行时将来进行时：强调：强调将来将来某时或某段时

29、间正在某时或某段时间正在进行的动作。进行的动作。1、At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 分析：该题的空白处谓语部分含着几种时分析：该题的空白处谓语部分含着几种时态呢？是否是既有将来时还有进行时？态呢？是否是既有将来时还有进行时？B11。将来完成时将来完成时：强调在强调在将来某时刻之前完成的将来某时刻之前完成的动作或存在的状态动作或存在的状态The mayor of Beijing says that all con

30、struction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2026. A. has been completed B. has completed C. will have been completed D. will have completed 分析：此题暗含的时态有几种？从语态说是属于主动分析：此题暗含的时态有几种？从语态说是属于主动还是被动？能看出标志词吗？还是被动？能看出标志词吗？The mayor of Beijing on June 2008 said that all construction work for the Beijing Olymp

31、ics _(complete)by 2006. Chad been completedby , by the time 表示表示“在在之前，不迟于之前，不迟于”常与将常与将来完成时连用。来完成时连用。By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.By Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.2.- Have you decided already? - Yes, I_ at once. - Yes, I_ already. A. have decided B. decid

32、ed C. will decide D. had decided1. I _ you not to move my dictionary but now I cannot find it. A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had askedKey wordcontext1.-The window is dirty. -I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clear C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned2. - Would you like to go to

33、the cinema with me tomorrow afternoon? - Id like to, Mum, but I _ to a party by Jane. Its her birthday. A. am invited B. was invited C. will be invited D. have been invited现在完成时现在完成时：表示过去发生的动作对现在表示过去发生的动作对现在造成造成影响和结果影响和结果. The news is no surprise to me I _ for some time that the factory is going to

34、shut down. (03北京北京) A. had known B. know C. have known D. knew过去完成时不能孤立使用，过去完成时不能孤立使用， 它必须以过去某一它必须以过去某一时间为基点，即时间为基点，即“过去的过去过去的过去”，因此只有在，因此只有在和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它。和过去某时或动作相比较时才用到它。camewas2. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a c

35、ouple of times before that. A. had been; have seen B. have been; have seen C. had been; had seen D. have been; had seen; 1. The last time I saw Jane she _ cotton in the fields. (pick) was picking2. -Has Sam finished his homework today? - I have no idea. He _ it this morning. A. did B. has done C. wa

36、s doing D. had done过去进行时表示在过去的某个过去进行时表示在过去的某个时间点时间点或或某个某个时间段时间段所发生的动作或持续的状态所发生的动作或持续的状态.1.Miss Jones once _ music at Bardon School for ten years and now is an actress. A. had taught B. taught C. is teaching D has been teaching2. -Do you often go to shanghai? - Yes. I _ there twice last month. A. was

37、 B. went C. have gone D. have been3. I cant see my coffee in this cupboard. _? A. Has it all been finished B. Was it all finished C. Has it all finished D. Did it all finish4. The country life he was used to _ in 1992 when a coal mine was opened. A. change B. has changed C. changed D. changing( )动词时

38、态的使用动词时态的使用，主要看时间状语和上下文，主要看时间状语和上下文. .如果没有明确的时间短语或状语，就得看上下如果没有明确的时间短语或状语，就得看上下文文. .因此牢记动词形式、熟悉相关的时间状语和上因此牢记动词形式、熟悉相关的时间状语和上下文规则外，还要多造句子、多练习。有意识、下文规则外，还要多造句子、多练习。有意识、有计划地练习使用这常用的时态有计划地练习使用这常用的时态特定时态特定时态1）表示表示“第几次做某事第几次做某事”或在或在“It is/was the best (worst, only , most interesting)/ the first (second)+名词

39、名词+that” +sb has/have done sb had doneThis (It) is my first time that I have visited China.This (It) is the most interesting film I have ever seen.That(It) is the only book that he has written.That(It) was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.（2）It is/has been + 一段时间一段时间+ since sb did s

40、th before/when （3）用于用于hardly/scarcelywhen; no sooner than句句型中，型中，主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me. No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang.（4）“祈使句祈使句+and/and then/or+陈述句陈述句”结构中，陈结构中，陈述句谓语用述句谓语用一般将来时一般将来时。Use your head and you will

41、find a way.（5）when（这时突然）用作并列连词，前句常用过去（这时突然）用作并列连词，前句常用过去进行时或进行时或be about to do，后句常用一般过去时。，后句常用一般过去时。I was walking along the river when I heard someone crying for help.He was about to go to bed when the telephone rang. (6).If she died, would you die too? I wish I were back home. I dont like here. Id

42、rather you didnt do it. Its time you went/should go to bed. 7. 我原打算来的，但太忙了。（我原打算来的，但太忙了。（mean）I had meant to come, but I was too busy.had meant/planned/intended/expect/hope to do,表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等。表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法等。(1)Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy

43、 families. (06湖湖南南) A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seeing(2) Did Linda see the traffic accident? - No, no sooner _ than it happened. (2006 天津天津) A. had she gone B. she had gone C. has she gone D. she has gone(3) I _ along the street looking for a place to park when

44、the accident_. (06 安徽安徽) A. went; was occurring B. went ; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurredAAC(4) By the time Jane get home, her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting. (05 天津天津) A. will leave B. leave C. will have left D. leftC Mike was walking in the street when he met Tom.

45、M: - It _ 2 months since I last saw you.(be) T: - I have just returned from abroad.M: - Is it the first time you _ abroad?(be)T: - Yes. And hardly _ I _ there when I was struck by its beauty. (arrive)M: - How do you find your trip?T:- Very good. To tell the truth, its the most unforgettable trip I _

46、. (ever have)M: Im glad to hear that. By the way, I am leaving for a meeting now. It _ (be) 20 minutes before it_. (start)is/has beenhave beenhave ever had时态的特殊句式时态的特殊句式had arrivedwill bestarts Mike was walking in the street when he met Tom.M: - It is/has been 2 months since I last saw you.T: - I ha

47、ve just returned from abroad.M: - Is it the first time you have been abroad?T: - Yes. And hardly had I arrived there when I was struck by its beauty. M: - How do you find your trip?T:- Very good. To tell the truth, its the most unforgettable trip I have ever had. M: Im glad to hear that. By the way, I am leaving for a meeting now. It will be 20 minutes before it starts. 三、时态的特殊句式三、时态的特殊句式特殊动词的语态和时态特殊动词的语态和时态（一）有些不及物动词可以用主动形式表示被动含义，（一）有些不及物动词可以用主动形式表示被动含义，常和副词常和副词well, easily,