电子与通信工程专业英语Unit 10Design and Capacity Planning of Next Generation Network-修改

1、1 1电子与通信工程电子与通信工程专业英语专业英语Unit 10 Unit 10 Design and Design and Capacity Capacity Planning of Planning of Next Generation Next Generation NetworkNetwork2 2The last decades has seen tremendous shifts in the telecommunications landscape. Telecom operators and service providers, are responding by adopti

2、ng strategies that lower their costs of operations and allow them to offer rapidly new services with better revenues. The Next Generation Network (NGN) is a network architecture that is ultimately designed for new service provision, independent of access technology. In addition to that, NGN can grea

3、tly reduce Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX), 3 34 45 56 67 78 89 9In general, NGN can be viewed as all IP or packet-based integrated networks with a number of characteristics. NGN does not only cover network characteristics but also service characteristics which provide

4、 new opportunities to network operators, service providers, communications manufacturers and users. On the architecture level, NGN provides an open architecture by uncoupling applications and networks, and allowing them to be offered separately. In this context, the applications can be developed ind

5、ependently regardless of the network platforms being used.10 10 With an open architecture, standardization becomes increasingly important, but this allows network operators to choose the best products available and a new application can be implemented in a much shorter period time than for the legac

6、y networks such as PSTN for example4. Also third parties, can participate and develop applications and services for end users. Service providers, may package one or more applications into a service offering or applications may be utilized by users on a peer-to-peer basis.11 11The NGN architecture is

7、 commonly structured around the following four major layers (planes) of technology (as shown in Fig 10.1): access layer，transport layer，control layer，and service/application layer. The access plane provides the infrastructure (e.g. access network between the end user and transport network). The tran

8、sport plane provides the communication among the reference architecture entities, as well as communication between the neighboring layers of the functional NGN model. The control plane is responsible for the network elements and of services control. The service plane provides the features of the bas

9、is services that can be 12 12Fig 10.1 NGN architecture13 13used for the development of the more sophisticated services and applications. The NGN functional structure is outlined in Fig 10.2.14 14Fig 10.2 Typical PSTN network15 152NGN ArchitectureTelecommunication networks architectures are changing

10、to meet new requirements for a number of services/applications (broadband, IP, multimedia, mobile, etc.). New generation equipment (soft switches, databases, media gateways, signaling gateways, new protocols, and interfaces, etc.) and new call/mix traffic cases are going to be introduced in the netw

11、orks. Standard bodies like ITU, and ETSI are primarily working on the NGN architecture.16 16 The Technical Committee for Telecommunications and Internet Converged Networking (TISPAN) of the ETSI, has managed to complete a comprehensive architectural specification to date. This specification is refer

12、red to as TISPAN NGN R1. The TISPAN NGN R1 specification was composed by leading vendors and service providers, and is expected to cover service provider requirements comprehensively, within its defined scope. The architecture highlights of TISPAN NGN R1 include:17 17 Support for SIP-based and non-S

13、IP-based applications； IP Multimedia Subsystem(IMS)for conversational SIP-based applications； PSTN emulation subsystem for supporting PSTN/ISDN services over NGN； Access agnosticism； Support for complex commercial models； Roadmap to fixed/mobile convergence based on IMS；Reuse and collaboration with

14、other Standards Development Organizations(SDO), 18 18including 3GPP, DSL Forum and the Multi-Service Forum(MSF).The TISPAN R1 architecture is based on the 3GPP IMS R6 architecture.Different solutions/network architectures can be taken into account for a smooth transition from existing network infras

15、tructures (PSTN/PLMN) towards NGN. But a typical NGN network will be based first on a softswitch solution architecture that can separate call control from the physical bearer and service platform from call control. Fig 10.3 summarizes a typical NGN architecture.19 19Fig 10.3 Typical NGN architecture

16、20203Migration Strategy to NGN NGN deployment worldwide is still at an early stage, though some Telecom service providers including incumbent operator, are in the process of finalizing their plans for deployment of NGN in their networks. Others, like KPN (in Netherlands), or BT(BT21 CN project) have

17、 already announced in all-embracing reconstruction of their network. This is likely to be implemented in a phased manner starting with core network and then for access network and finally service provision. Network migration to NGN should adopt the concept of “Evolution”rather than “Revolution”. 21

18、21Evolution to NGN is a process in which parts of the existing networks are replaced or upgraded to the corresponding NGN components providing similar or better functionality, while maintaining the services provided now by the original network. The ITU recommended that to deploy the NGN, complete re

19、placement of existing networks is not considered to be either advisable or possible. So, a phased approach should be considered for evolution of existing networks to “NGN”. 2222The evolution of networks to NGN must allow for the continuation of, and interoperability with, existing networks while in

20、parallel, enabling the implementation of new capabilities5. NGN deployment strategies will experience a long process, which can be divided into several phases like building up the IP bearer network(the IP/MPLS Core Network), migrate PSTN, extend broadband access, deliver multimedia services and fina

21、lly realize the Fix Mobile Convergence(FMC).2323NEW WORDS AND PHRASESrevenuen.收入；收益capital n.资金deploymentn.部署，调配finalizevt.使结束，使完结legacyn.遗产，遗留之物positvt. 假定，认为uncouplingvt.解钩；解偶联作用，解耦合highlightn.最精彩的部分2424conversationaladj.会话的，对话的emulationn.仿真agnosticismn.不可知论interoperabilityn.互操作性，互操作能力；互用性redundan

22、cyn.过多，多余，冗余；多余的事物residevi.存在于call agent呼叫代理2525seamlessadj.无缝的peripheraln.(电脑的)外部设备authorityn.权限media gateway controller (MGC)媒体网关控制器cost effective,future proof节约成本的、经得起未来考验的European Telecommunications Institute (ETSI)欧洲电信委员会on a peer-to-peer basis基于点对点基础的2626NOTES1 In addition to that, NGN can gre

23、atly reduce Capital Expenditure (CAPEX) and Operational Expenditure (OPEX), enables smooth transformation of the legacy networks into a simpler, but more powerful, while keeping compatibility to support traditional services.本句可译为：除此之外，NGN能大幅度降低基本建设支出和运营成本，能把传统网络平滑地转换为一个更简单但更强大的网络，同时(还能)兼容传统业务。27272

24、In this paper, we present a cost effective, future proof solution architecture that can be used for the design and planning of the NGN network Elements (NEs) capacity and dimensioning, to serve this migration phase.本句可译为：在本文中，我们提出一种节约成本的、经得起未来考验的解决框架来应用于过渡阶段，这种方法可用来设计和度量NGN网元的容量。3 Also, for the Euro

25、pean Telecommunications Institute (ETSI), the Next Generation Networks is a concept for defining and deploying networks, which due to their formal separation into different layers and use of open interfaces, 2828offers service providers and operators a platform which can evolve in a step-by-step man

26、ner to create, deploy, and manage innovative services.“which”是“offers service providers and operators a platform which can evolve in a step-by-step manner to create, deploy, and manage innovative services.”的主语，which引导定语从句，修饰“networks”；第二个which也是引导定语从句，修饰“platform”。2929本句可译为：对于欧洲电信委员会来说，下一代网络也是一种用来定义

27、和扩展网络的概念。由于把网络划分为不同的层并使用开放的接口，这种概念给业务提供者和运营者提供一个创造、扩展和管理创新业务的逐步演进的平台。30304 With an open architecture, standardization becomes increasingly important, but this allows network operators to choose the best products available and a new application can be implemented in a much shorter period time than fo

28、r the legacy networks such as PSTN for example.本句可译为：开放的结构使得标准化越来越重要，但是这种网络允许运营者能选择最好的产品，并且相比传统网络(比如PSTN)，新的应用中能在更短的时期内实现。31 315 The evolution of networks to NGNs must allow for the continuation of, and interoperability with, existing networks while in parallel, enabling the implementation of new ca

29、pabilities.本句可译为：现有网络向NGN的演进必须考虑到现有网络的连续性和互操作性，同时要使得网络能够开展新业务。3232EXERCISESITranslate the following phrases into Chinese.Operational Expenditure (OPEX) Media Gateway Controller (MGC)European Telecommunications Institute (ETSI) cost effectivein the long run in general terms3333II. Translate the follo

30、wing paragraphs into Chinese.(1) Eventually, Legacy networks (PSTN) lack the capacity of providing multiservice, and getting costly operated, therefore, it has to be migrated to NGN which is considered as a service driven network. In fact, much has been written, debated, and posited about what exact

31、ly Next Generation Network (NGN).The NGN concept, defines telecommunication network architectures, and technologies. It describes networks that cover conventional PSTN type, and data, as well as new types of service such as video. All information is carried in packet switched form. 3434In addition t

32、o that, NGN has been promoted, to Network Operators and service providers, as a new platform to decrease the CAPEX and OPEX of their Network Infrastructure, and increase their revenues.(2) In general, NGN can be viewed as all IP or packet-based integrated networks with a number of characteristics. N

33、GN does not only cover network characteristics but also service characteristics which provide new opportunities to network operators, service providers, communications manufacturers and users. 3535On the architecture level, NGN provides an open architecture by uncoupling applications and networks, a

34、nd allowing them to be offered separately. In this context, the applications can be developed independently regardless of the network platforms being used.(3) A Signaling Gateway (SGW) provides seamless signaling between the IP and TDM Networks, under the control of the Soft switch. Media Resource S

35、erver (MRS) under the control of the SoftSwitch, provides medium resources to packet network. unlike the traditional peripherals based on circuit technology, 3636MRS is directly based on packet technology and eliminates the media stream conversion between TDM and IP, resulting in high quality medium

36、 flow on IP.3737参考译文第十单元 下一代网络的设计和容量规划过去几十年电信领域发生了很大的变化。电信运营商和业务提供商通过采取新策略来适应这种变化，这些新策略包括降低运营成本和快速提供新业务。下一代网络(NGN)是一种网络架构，最终提供独立于接入技术的新业务。除此之外，NGN能大幅度降低基本建设支出(CAPEX)和运营支出(OPEX)，能把传统网络平滑地转换为一个更简单但更强大的网络，同时(还能)兼容传统业务。3838尽管一些电信业务提供商正在最后确定他们在下一代网络中的应用计划，NGN的部署还仍然处在早期阶段。NGN可能是以阶段性方式实施的：从核心网络开始，然后是接入网，最后

37、是业务提供。第一个并且是不可避免的NGN实施阶段是传统网络的转换从公众电话交换网(PSTN)转换到NGN。在本文中，我们提出一种节约成本的、经得起未来考验的解决框架来应用于过渡阶段，这种方法可用来设计和度量NGN网元的容量。39391(NGN)简介PSTN使用五级和四级电路交换和时分复用(TDM)技术来传送话音。PSTN网络也使用SS7信令和其他控制功能来进行呼叫的建立和拆除。最终，PSTN网却因缺乏提供多种业务的能力，且维护昂贵，所以不得不转换到NGN网，这被认为是驱动网络的一个业务。事实上，关于NGN网络以及它的准确定位，已经撰写(的文章)和讨论很多了。NGN的概念定义了通信的体系结构和技

38、术。它描述的网络覆盖了常规的PSTN类型和数据、新型的业务类型，比如视频等。所有的信息都通过分组交换方式进行传输。4040除此之外，NGN已经被作为一种降低网络架构维护费用和运营费用、增加收入的新平台推荐给网络运营商和业务提供商。ITU把NGN网络定义为一种基于分组的网络，它能够提供包括电信业务在内的多种业务，能够利用多种带宽的、有QoS保证的传输技术并且能使与业务相关的功能独立于与传输相关的技术。它可使用户不受限地接入到不同的业务提供商。它支持通用的移动性，这可以给用户提供无处不在的业务。41 41对于欧洲电信协会(ETSI)来说，下一代网络也是一种用来定义和配置网络的概念。由于把网络划分为

39、不同的层并使用开放的接口，这种概念给业务提供者和运营者提供一个创造、扩展和管理创新业务的逐步演进的平台。总的来说，NGN被看做具有许多特点的全IP或基于分组的综合网络。NGN不但包括了网络特点还包括了业务特点，这些特点为网络运营商、业务提供商、通信设备制造商和用户提供了新的机会。在体系结构层，NGN通过解构应用和网络间的关系，允许二者独立提供，(最终)提供了一个开放的体系架构。4242从这个意义上讲，(NGN)可以独立地开发应用，而不必关心其所使用的网络平台。开放的结构使得标准化越来越重要，但是这种网络允许运营者能选择最好的产品，并且相比传统网络(比如PSTN)，新的应用能在更短的时期内实现。

40、第三方也可以参加并为终端用户开发应用和业务。业务提供者可以把一个或多个应用打包到一个业务应用包中，这些应用包可以在对等的基础上被用户使用。4343NGN体系结构通常是围绕以下四种主要的技术层面构造的(如图10.1所示)：接入层、传输层、控制层和业务层/应用层。接入层提供下层组织构成(比如在最终用户和传输网络之间的接入网络)。传输层在参考体系架构实体之间以及NGN功能模型相邻层之间提供通信。控制层负责网络元素和业务控制。业务层提供了基本业务的特征，这些特征可用作开发更复杂的业务和应用。图10.2描述了NGN的功能结构。4444图10.1 下一代网络体系结构分层概貌4545图10.2 典型PSTN

41、网络46462NGN体系结构为了满足对业务/应用的大量新要求(宽带、IP、多媒体、移动业务等)，电信网络的体系架构在进行改变。新生代设备(软交换、数据库、媒体网关、信令网关、新协议和接口等)和呼叫/混合业务等正在被引进网络中。标准化结构比如ITU和ETSI主要的工作是制定NGN的体系结构。到目前为止，ETSI的电信和互联网汇聚网(TISPAN)技术委员会已经完成了一个综合的体系结构规范。这个规范称为TISPAN NGN R1。TISPAN NGN R1规范由顶级制造商和业务提供商制定，期望在其定义范围内能完全覆盖业务提供商的要求。4747TISPAN NGN R1中的体系结构主要包括： 支持基

42、于SIP和非基于SIP的应用； 通用基于SIP应用的IP多媒体子系统； 在NGN上支持PSTN/ISDN的PSTN仿真子系统； 接入不可知论； 支持复杂的商业模型； 基于IMS的固定/移动通信融合的路线图； 重用和与其他标准开发组织(SDO)，包括3GPP、DSL论坛和多业务论坛(MSF)的协作。4848TISPAN R1体系结构是以3GPP IMS R6的体系结构为基础构造的。在从现有的网络架构平滑过渡到NGN的过程中，不同的解决方法/网络架构都需要考虑。但是典型的NGN网络首先是基于软交换架构的，这种架构可以把呼叫控制从物理承载和业务平台中分离出来。图10.3概括描述了一种典型的NGN体系

43、架构。4949图10.3 典型NGN网络体系结构50503过渡到NGN的策略尽管一些电信业务提供商正在最后确定他们在下一代网络中的应用计划，但NGN的部署还仍然处在早期阶段。其他的比如KPN(在荷兰)或BT(BT21 CN工程)都已经宣布了重建一个包容一切的网络。这种重建可能是以阶段性方式实施的：从核心网络开始，然后是接入网，最后是业务提供。过渡到NGN网络需要采用“演变”而不是“革命”的概念。演变到NGN网络是一个过程：现有网络的某部分被替换或升级为能提供相似或更好功能的相应NGN部分，同时还能提供原有网络提供的功能。51 51ITU建议：不提倡/不可能为了配置NGN网络而彻底替换现有网络。

44、因此，阶段性方法应该是把现有网络演进为NGN的解决方法。现有网络向NGN的演进必须考虑到现有网络的连续性和互操作性，同时要使得网络能够开展新业务。NGN的配置策略将经历一个较长的过程，这个过程可能分为几个阶段，比如增强IP承载网(IP/MPLS核心网)、移植PSTN网、扩展宽带接入及传输多媒体业务，最后实现固定移动的融合(FMC)。5252EXTENSIVE TEXTNGN Need and Challenges1IntroductionUpcoming 4G mobile communication systems are projected to solve still remaining

45、 problems of 3G systems and to provide a wide variety of new services from high quality voice to high definition video to high data rate wireless channels. The rapid development of wireless communication networks expecting that the fourth generation mobile systems will be launched within decades. 53

46、53Fourth generation network is also termed as “MAGIC”. Mobile multimedia, Anytime anywhere, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless solution and Customized personal device. 4G mobile systems mainly give focus on seamlessly integrating the existing wireless technologies including GSM, Wireless L

47、AN and Bluetooth. The future 4G infrastructures will consist of a set of various networks using IP as a common protocol so that users are in control because they will be able to choose every application and environment. 5454Based on the developing trends of mobile communication, 4G will have broader

48、 bandwidth, higher data rate and smoother and quicker handoff and will focus on ensuring seamless service across a multitude of wireless systems and networks. Although 4G is expected to capture almost 100% the implementation methodology holds the key in the upcoming years. All the existing systems w

49、ere designed independently, targeting different service utilities, data rates and users. 5555All these systems have their own merits and demerits, there is no single system that is good enough to replace all the other technologies. To migrate current system to 4G with features expected, designer hav

50、e to face a number of challenges. This paper throws a light on general architecture of 4G networks. Also it explains different challenges faced by design engineering in implementing this architecture.565624G networksFig 10.4 highlights the seamless connections of the network various heterogeneous ne

51、tworks are connected through single IP network. The second generation of mobile networks(2G) is consider as a voice centric, the third generation of mobile networks(3G) supports basic multimedia communication and also allows to access the data networks. 57572G and 3G systems are basically characteri

52、zed by one type of air interface and services are provided almost solely by operators themselves. It is expected in 4G that different operators cooperate to offer services and applications over heterogeneous access networks.5858Fig 10.4 4G network connections59593System conceptThe scope of 4G system

53、s will range from wireless transmission mechanisms up to the services visible to the end user. Abstraction layers consists of transmission platform, networking platform, middleware platform (with service support) along with application and services. Each layer can be configured separately and independently via configuration interfaces. These interfaces are used to either parameterized existing elements, possible due to well-defined interfaces supported by each element. Fig 10.