非谓语动词复习

1、 一、本课知识点及考点：1、非谓语动词复习 2、翻译部分讲解2、 教案设计：v 非谓语动词复习非谓语动词（Non-finite verbs）1、 考点解读1、非谓语动词的概念：在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词、分词三种形式。非谓语动词不能用作句子的谓语动词，它的形式不受主语的人称或数的限制，并具有以下双重属性：a. 有动词的特征：是及物动词须有宾语，可由状语来修饰，有时态和语态的变化；b. 有非动词的特征：相当于形容词、名词等，在句子中可作这些词类所能担任的句子成分，主要作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语。二、高考链接2006年1.Energ

2、y drinks are not allowed in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand.A. to make B.to be made C.to have been made D.to be making答案：B考点：本题考查非谓语动词的被动语态。解析：根据句意“澳大利亚不允许生产能量型饮料，而是.”，动词allow意为“允许某人做某事”，后接不定式to do，且energy drinks与make之间为动宾关系，故选B.2. Russ and Earl were auto mechanics the same pay,but Ear

3、l had more ambition.A. to earn B.to have earned C.earning D.earned答案：C考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句意“Russ和Earl都是汽车修理工，赚的钱一样多，但是Earl更有抱负”，分词earning在句中修饰auto mechanics，原句的意思相当于“Russ and Earl were auto mechanics who earn the same pay.”，故选C.3. The mother felt herself cold and her hands trembled as she read the le

4、tter from the battlefield.A. grow B.grown C.to grow D.to have grown答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：本句的句意为“当母亲读着战场上的来信时，觉得浑身发冷.”，在感觉动词和使役动词后，要用省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选A.4. automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members.A. Mailed out B.Mailing out C.To be mailed out D.Having mailed out答案：A考点：本题考查非谓

5、语动词。解析：当分词作状语时，究竟用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于分词与逻辑主语的关系，根据句意“这封电子邮件自动发出后，俱乐部所有成员都会收到”，做状语的分词短语和它的逻辑主语the e-mail之间为动宾关系，所以应该用过去分词形式，故选A.2007年1. After a knock at the door,the child heard his mothers voice him.A. calling B.called C.being called D.to call答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：本句句意为“.这个孩子听到他母亲在叫他”，感官动词hear后的宾语和宾语补足语之间为

6、主谓关系，应该选用现在分词作宾补，故选A.2. There is nothing more I can try you to stay,so I wish you good luck.A. being persuaded B.persuadingC.to be persuaded D.to persuade答案：D考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句意“我已没有其他更多的办法能说服你留下，.”，言下之意，已试过了所有的办法，应该选用动词不定式作目的状语，故选D.3. The Town Hall in the 1800s was the most distinguished building

7、at that time.A. to be completed B.having been completedC.completed D.being completed答案：C考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句意“十七世纪建成的市政厅是当时最杰出的建筑”，应该选择过去分词作定语，故选C.2008年1. My sister,an inexperienced rider,was found sitting on the bicycle to balance it.A. having tried B.trying C.to try D.tried答案：B考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句意“

8、有人发现我的姐姐，一个没经验的骑车者，正气在自行车上并努力保持车子的平衡”，非谓语动词在句中作伴随状语，且与逻辑主语间为主谓关系，应选择现在分词形式，故选B.2. If theres a lot of work ,Im happy to just keep on it until it is finished.A. to do B.to be doing C.done D.doing答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：故选A.3. As his best friend,I can make accurate guesses about he will do or think.A. what

9、 B.which C.whom D.that答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：故选A.4. Ideally for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue,the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests.A. locating B.being located C.having been located D.located答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：故选A.2009年1. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of

10、the city, all four people on board.A. killed B.killing C.kills D.to kill答案：B考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句意“一架小飞机突然撞上城东五英里处的一座小山坡，机上四人全部丧生”，非谓语动词在句中担当伴随状语，与它的逻辑主语a small plane是主谓关系，应选择现在分词形式，故选B.2. With the governments aid,those by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.A. affect B.affecting C.affect

11、ed D.were affected答案：C考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句意“在政府的援助下，那些遭受地震灾害影响的人们已经搬进了新居”，非谓语动词在句中担当定语，修饰句子主语those.同时those也是非谓语动词的逻辑主语，并与它构成动宾关系，应选择过去分词形式，故选C.3. Bill suggested a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.A. having held B.to hold C.holding D.hold答案：C考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句意“Bill建议举行

12、一次会议，讨论在假期中为上海世博会做些什么”，动词suggest表示“建议”时，搭配的宾语未动名词形式，故选C.4. David threatened his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.A. to be reported B.reporting C.to report D.having reported答案：C考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：threaten to do sth.意为“以.相威胁，扬言要”，report sb. to sb.意为“向（某人）告发/举报某人”。根据句意“David扬言如果邻居不付给他赔

13、偿金，他要向警察告发他们”，应选择不定式担当谓语动词的宾语，故选C.2010年1.Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.A.amused B.amusing C.to amuse D.to be amused答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句意“Lucy非常具有幽默感，总是用她的故事都乐同事”，非谓语动词在句中担当宾语补足语，补充说明其逻辑主语（her colleagues)的状态，逻辑主语与它后面的动词成被动关系，故选A.2. the city center

14、, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.A.Approaching B.Approached C.To approach D.To be approached答案：A考点：本题考查非谓语动词。 解析：根据句意“（当我们）接近市中心，我们看见一座高约十米的石头雕像”，动词“approach”与逻辑主语“we”之间为主谓关系，应选择现在分词形式引导时间状语，故选A.3.This is the only way we can imagine the overuse of water in students bathrooms. A.r

15、educing B.to reduce C.reduced D.reduce答案：B考点：本题考查非谓语动词。解析：根据句意“那时我们能设想出来的，用于减少学生浴室用水过度的唯一方法”，“we can imagine”为定语从句，修饰“the only way”，中间省略了关系代词that，不定式to reduce.也是the only way的后置定语，相当于“of reducing”，故选B.v 翻译的四条方法：1 确定句子后面的括号里所给词的词性、它在句子中的意思，然后再去回忆它所带的固定搭配和用法。2 分析中文句子的主谓宾，并把这些成分单独拎出来，先进行翻译，然后按照剩下部分所充当的成

16、分把句子补充完整。3. 句子基本框架思考出之后，再去确定它的时态和语态。4确定这个句子是否符合英语语言的逻辑。 “四步”提高英语翻译准确率翻译不仅在英语主观题中占不小的比例，而且翻译能力还直接影响考生在作文中的表现。要在翻译题中拿到高分，除了扎实的语言基本功外，还要在平时的练习中训练一套翻译四步法，以确保准确率。下面以一句中译英“我向她请教，她总是有求必应，而且解释得令我十分满意。（satisfaction）”为例，来演示这“四步法”。第一步：一读中文，理清结构，搭好总体框架中文必须仔细读，尤其是翻译题的后两句，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。读什么？读出句子结构：对于简单句，辨别出主谓宾，分

17、清定语、同位语和状语；对于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；对于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。在上面的例句中，我们就可以读出“我向她请教”是时间状语从句，为了呼应之后的“总是”，我们可选择“每当”（every time）来充当连词。在后面的主句中，“有求必应”与“解释”之间的关系是并列的，需要一个连词来连接这两个动词，即可以对应“而且”运用“not onlybut also”的结构，也可以简化为一个连词“and”。第二步：结合中文，决定关键词的位置和用法重视所给关键词，对其所考查的各类词的用法或特殊句型，如倒装句、It句型和There be句型等，可以先

18、有一个大致的预测。在此基础上，回到原文，“对症下药”，保证它与原文的契合度。同时，也要绝对忠于所给词的词性及大小写。在例句中，结合“令我十分满意”，联想到以往常用的to my surprise/excitement,所给关键词可应用为to my full satisfaction.第三步：二读中文，确定动词时态及语态除了所给关键词外，句中的动词也应关注。如果句中有两个或两个以上的动词，那么除了一个做主句谓语外，剩下的不是做并列句或复合句中的谓语，就是做非谓语。对于作谓语的动词，时态往往是最容易忽视的。因此，第三步是明确动词的时态及其用法。此外，中译英所要求的绝不是字字对应的翻译。在没有现成的固

19、定表达可用的情况下，要化繁为简，将已有语言知识作为基础，合理地转换中文，运用知识迁移进行翻译。例句中，我们首先根据中文知道它所叙述的是客观事实，因此确定用一般现在时。在翻译“向她请教”时，根据我们已知的词组“向某人求助”turn to sb.for help或ask sb.for help，将求“助”转换为求“建议”，译为turn to her for advice或askher for advice。至于成语“有求必应”，先要转换为“乐于助人”，即be ready to help.第四步：整句翻译，对照中文，防止遗漏翻译讲究的是“信、达、雅”，首先要做到的是“信”，忠于原文。然而，在翻译时往

20、往会出现“偷工减料”的现象，所以，第四步就是在翻译时，对照中文，切勿遗漏信息，遗漏标点。例句最终可以翻译为：Every time I ask her for advice, she is always ready to help and explains to my full satisfaction.要注意“总是”、“十分”这类词不要遗漏。练习：1.各色阳伞给夏日的街头平添了活泼的气氛.( add to )Colorful umbrellas add to a lovely atmosphere in the summer streets.2. 无论风多大、雨多急,警察一直坚守在岗位上.(

21、no matter )No matter how hard the wind blows and rain falls,the police keepto their posts.3.医生挨家挨户上门巡访,省去了很多老年人去医院的麻烦.(save)Doctors door-to-door visits save many old peoples trouble of going to hospital.4.和园丁们一起工作让我们学到许多花卉的知识.(enable)Working with gardeners enables us to learn a lot of knowledge abou

22、t flowers.5.遇到困难的时候,我们需要的不是彼此的埋怨,而是互相帮助. (notbut)When we meet with difficulties,what we need is not to blame each other but to help each other.6.外出旅游的时候,务必注意保护环境,为他人着想. (sure)Be sure to pay attention to protecting environment and think of others while travelling.7.这小孩太调皮了,使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱. (So)The

23、child is so naughty that he often upsets his parents who are busy with their work.8.物理课上,他没听懂王教授所讲的内容.(fail)In physics class,he failed to understand what Professor Wang was talking about.9.是否在黄浦江上再建一座大桥,委员们意见不一. (agree)The committee cant agree on whether to build another bridge over Huangpu River10.

24、 我向她请教,她总是有求必应,而且解释得令我十分满意.(satisfaction)Each time I ask her for help,she is always ready to help me and explains to my full satisfaction.11.今天下午我没空,我和牙医有约.(appointment)Im not free this afternoon,because I have an appointment with my dentist.12.你最好乘出租车去电影节的开幕式,不然就要迟到了.(or)Youd better go to the openi

25、ng ceremony of film festival by taxi,or you will be late.13.这款手机的式样新颖,携带方便,深受年轻人的欢迎.(popular)The mobile phone is fashionable in style and convenient to carry,so it is very popularwith the young people.14.他进公司不久就独立完成了一项艰巨的任务,同事们对他刮目相看.(so)He finished a difficult task soon after he entered the company

26、 so his colleagues looked at him differently.15. 虽然不富裕,但是他对自己的生活相当满意.(Although)Although he is not rich, he is fairly satisfied with his life.16.在叔叔的帮助下,Tom写成了一首动人的诗.(succeed)Tom succeeded in writing a moving poem with the help of his uncle.17.由于准备充分,他在面试中一点也不紧张.(notat all)Because he was well-prepare

27、d,he didnt feel nervous at all in the interview.18. 只要我们齐心协力,就能很快解决这个技术问题.(technical)As long as we work cooperatively,we will soon solve the technical problem.19.上周由于我生病,我缺了一些课,但是我会努力赶上大家的.(miss)Because of my illness,I missed some lessons last week,but Ill try my best to catch up with others.20.这个游戏

28、的规则太复杂,三言两语解释不清楚.(tooto)The rules of the game are too complicated to explain in a few words.21. 你该就刚才的所作所为向在场的人道歉.(apologize)You should apologize to people present for what you have just done.22.我发现很难和那些固执己见的人合作.(it)I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.2

29、3.我们盼望能参加下星期举行的艺术节的开幕式. (look forward to)We are looking forward to attending the opening ceremony of art festival to be held next week.24. 多参加体育锻炼,你就不那么容易感冒了.(If)If you take more physical exercises,you wont catch a cold easily.25.因为缺少实践,他没能通过驾驶考试.(The reason why)Because he lacked practice,he didnt p

30、ass the driving test.26.直到被送入手术间时,他才明白遵守交通规则的重要性.(notuntil)He didnt realize the importance of following traffic rules until he was sent into the operation room.27.虽然她孤身一人,无亲无故,但是邻居们都向她伸出了援助之手. (offer)Although she lives alone with no relatives or friends,all her neighbors offer to help her.28.请尽早做出决定

31、，不然你会坐失良机. (or)Please make up your mind as early as possible,or you will miss the golden chance.29.那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽. (It)It is difficult for those who havent been to the small village to describe its beauty.30.勤洗手是避免疾病传染的有效方法之一. (infect)Washing hands frequently is one of the effective ways to

32、avoid being infected bydiseases.31.这条铁路横贯平原,把那个偏远的山城与海港连接了起来. (remote)The railway crosses the plain and connects the remote mountainous city with the sea port.32. 这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜,我简直爱不释手. (sothat)The historical novel about the first World War is so attractive that I cant bear putting it down.33

33、. 你可以在英特网上找到这种信息. (available)This kind of information is available to you on the Internet.34.阅读时,你不必遇到生词就查字典.(There be)There is no need to look up every new word you meet with while reading.35.听到2008年在北京举办奥运会的消息时,人们欣喜若狂. (news that)At the news that the Olympic Game would be held in Beijing in 2008,p

34、eople were wild with joy.36.不要担心你上大学的费用,我们会鼎力相助. (expense)Dont worry about the expenses for your university education,and we will try our best to help you.37.当时那位出租车司机别无选择,只能求助于顾客.(choice)The taxi driver had no choice but to turn to the tourists for help at that time.38.我没有想到Tom会被选为学生会主席. (occur)It

35、never occurred to me that Tom would be elected chairman of Students Union.39.如果方便的话,请帮我从邮局里取回包裹. (convenient)If it is convenient to you ,please help me to fetch the parcel from the post office.40. 应该鼓励学生把课堂上学到的知识运用到实践中去. (apply)Students should be encouraged to apply what they learnt in class to prac

36、tice.41.如果队员之间不加强配合,我校篮球队就不可能在决赛中战胜对手. (unless)Our school basketball team wont beat the oppenents if they dont strengthen their cooperation.42.我第一次写英语作文的时,犯了许多拼写错误.(make)The first time I wrote an English composition,I made many spelling mistakes.43.保护环境是每个公民的职责.(It)It is every citizens duty to prote

37、ct the environment.44. 这个事故使我们意识到安全问题不容忽视. (realize)The accident made us realize safety cant be ignored.45. 不管天有多晚,他从不把今天的事拖到明天.(put off)No matter how late it is ,he never puts off what must be done today to tomorrow.46.许多外国的游客都想去长城一游,他们知道“不到长城非好汉”. (visit)Many tourists want to visit the Great Wall.

38、Thay know that he who hasnt been to the Great Wall is not a true man.47. 我们将作进一步的讨论,然后再做出最终结论.(before)Well have a further discussion before we make the final conclusion.48.据说在那个湖底发现了一个古城的遗址.(discover)It is said that the site of an ancient city has been discovered at the bottom of the lake.49.这个地区的经济

39、发展很快,可是某些市民的素质还不尽如人意.(quality)The economy is developing very rapidly here,but the qualities of some citizens are not satisfactory.50.他们应该从这件事中吸取教训:玩火者必自焚.(burn)They should learn a lesson from the incident：he who plays with fire will surely get burnt.51. 三班和四班将举行一场篮球赛。A match will be held between Cla

40、ss 3 and Class 4.52. 难怪他今天没出席会议。Its no wonder that he didnt attend the meeting today.53. 这个问题太难我回答不了。 The question is too hard for me to answer54. 他乐意帮助别人。He is willing to help others.55. 我们可以提前完成这项工作。We can finish the job ahead of time.56. 所有的这些都表明，我们的国家越来越富强。All these show that our country is beco

41、ming stronger and stronger.57. 自从我离开家乡以后，家乡发生了巨大变化。（since）Great changes have taken place in my hometown since I left it.58. 坐公共汽车去那儿需一个半小时。It takes one and a half hours to go there by bus.59. 这台机器出了故障。There is something wrong with the machine./ The machine broke down.60. 吸烟有害于健康。Smoking does harm to

42、 health./ Smoking is harmful to health.61. 努力工作，你就会成功。Work hard, and you will succeed.62. 买这套衣服花了她30元。The suit cost her 30 yuan.63. 他的发音还有困难。He has difficulty in pronunciation64. 他的叔叔过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。His uncle used to live in the country and now he lives in the city.65. 他把他的一生献给了宇宙飞船的研究。He devoted his

43、life to studying spaceships.66. 你最好现在不要把坏消息告诉他。(had better)Youd better not tell him the bad news now.67. 他是一位有经验的驾驶员，他习惯于在各种各样的天气情况下开车。(used)He is an experienced driver and he is used to driving in all kinds of weather.68. 到去年底，中国的人口是多少？What was the population in China by the end of last year?69. 当我

44、一到达机场时，飞机就起飞了。(Hardly)Hardly had I reached the airport when the plane took off.70. 如果你不努力学习，你不会取得成功。(unless)You will not succeed unless you work hard.71. 虽然他是孩子，他知道怎样生活和学习。Child as he is( Though/ Although he is a child), he knows how to live and study.用分词翻译（72-75）72. 我走进他的办公室时，看见他正在写什么.Going into hi

45、s office，I saw him writing something73.由于刻苦学习，他们取得了很大进步。Having studied hard，they have made good progress.74.如果给我更多的时间，我能把这工作做得更好。Given more time，I can do this job better.75. 老师走进教室，后面跟着一个学生。(伴随)The teacher walked into the classroom，followed by a student/ with a student following76. 只要我们不失去信心，我们会找到办法

46、克服困难的方法。(As long as)As long as we dont lose heart, well find a way to overcome the difficulty.77. 无论谁做这事都没有什么区别。(whoever)Whoever does it makes no difference.78. 一旦她开始跳舞，她就忘记了时间。(Once)Once she started to dance, she forgot about the time.79. 这座山是那么高以至于我不能爬到山顶上。( so that)The mountain is so high that I

47、can not climb up to its top.80.众所周知，指南针(compass)首先是中国制造的。(As)As is known to all, the compass was first made in China.81. 我们需要更多的练习是十分清楚的。(practice)That we need more practice is quite clear./ It is quite clear that we need more practice82. 你没听李老师的报告真是太遗憾了。(miss)It is a pity that you missed the lectur

48、e made by Mr. /Ms.Li83. 碰巧我那天晚上有空。(happen)It happened that I was free that evening.I happened to be free that evening84. 直到昨天我才知道他要来。(not until)It was not until yesterday that I knew he was coming./ I didnt know he was coming until yesterday.85. 这城市不像三年前的那样子了。(used)The city isnt what it used to be three years ago.86. 这正是你要寻找的东西。(look)This is what you are looking for.87. 成功属于那些努力工作的人。Success belongs to those who apply themselves to work. 88. 他又把邻居家