高中限定性定语从句学案

1、个性化学案限制性定语从句适用学科英语适用年级高中二年级适用区域陕西西安课时时长（分钟）60知识点限定性定语从句教学目标通过选修七unit4的学习，复习限定性定语从句，使学生掌握限定性定语从句在高考中的考点教学重点定语从句的关系代词和关系副词； that和which的用法区别；that和who的用法区别；定语从句的强调句型教学难点定语从句的强调句型教学过程 一、复习预习定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词

2、有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。 本节我们着重研究限定性定语从句。 二、知识讲解本节课主要知识点解析，中高考考点、易错点分析考点/易错点1 关系代词1， that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略代词，which在从句中作宾语不可以省略。eg：this is the book which you want。而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物

3、动词+介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置 which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢（eg.I lost my key in the theatre where I saw this film=I lost my key in the theatre in which I saw this film.)代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything,everything,nothing,none等不定代词时，或者是

4、every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略。 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时，都只能用that who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语附：注意which/that/as的定语从句关系2“介词关系代词“是一个普遍使用的结构 (1) “介词关系代词“可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。“介词关系代词“结构中的介词可以是 in, on, a

5、bout, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。 (2) from where为“介词关系副词“结构，但也可以引导定语从句。例如： We stood at the top of the hill, from where we can see the town. (3) 像listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如： This is the boy whom sh

6、e has taken care of.考点/易错点2 关系副词关系副词=介词+关系代词介词+which可以用关系副词when/where/why替换 当先行词是表示地点的词的时候，介词+which=where 当先行词是表示时间的词的时候，介词+which=when当先行词是the reason的时候，for+which=why注意：whoseof which whose+N=of which+the +N =the +N+of which 此处亦可将which换成whom 结论：.当先行词前有the的时候，不会用关系词whose； .定语从句表示所属关系时of which+the +N 和

7、the +N+of which但不允许有其他的随意搭配形式，如of+N+the+which等； where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句 when引导定语从句表示时间 当从句的逻辑主语是some,any,no,somebody,anybody,nobody,something,anything,everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。定语从句的省略：先行词从句作宾语时候省略关系词。 e.g. This is the book I am looki

8、ng for. This is the man you can depend on.当the way作先行词且在从句作状语时候，关系词有that/in which或可不填 限定性定语从句练习题考点/易错点3定语从句学习容易出错的几方面 1、在定语从句中加了多余的或缺少宾语成分。 Some of the boys I invited the didnt come. She told the wrongs had been done to her by the boss. 2、 把定语从句的主谓一致问题。 Those who has finished may go now. 3、 当先行词为表示时

9、间、地点的名词时，分不清关系词在定语从句中所作的句子成分。 Is this the school where Mr. White visited last month? 4、 分不清限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 The naughty boy often knocked at the Wangs door, that made the family unhappy. 5、与强调句混淆。 It was in the afternoon when I saw him in the park. 应该为：It was in that afternoon that I saw him in the

10、 park. 6、 忽视只能用that，不能用which的情况。 We should do all which is useful to the people. 三、例题精析【例题1】 【题干】A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, Is there a hospital around _ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand? A. that B. which C. where D. what 【答案】C 【解析】 容易误选 B，认为 around 是介词，选 which 用以代替前面

11、的名词 hospital，在此用作介词 around 的宾语。最佳答案为C。以上语法分析并不算错，但问题是，照此分析，此句的意思即为：有没有这样一个医院，我在它的附近可以买药治我的手伤？这样的语境显然有点不合情理，因为人们通常是在医院里面治伤，而不是在医院附近治伤。此题选 C 的理由是：句中的 around 不是介词，而是副词，意为在附近；其后的 where 引导定语从句用以修饰其前的地点名词 hospital，句意为：附近有没有一家医院，我可以去治我的手伤？【例题2】 【题干】David is such a good boy _ all the teachers like. A. that

12、B. who C. as D. whom 【答案】C 【解析】此题容易误选A，许多同学一看到题干中的such，再联系到选项中的 that，便认为这是考查such . that .句式。况且，这样理解意思也还通顺。最佳答案为C，不是A，因为在such . that . （如此.以至.）结构中，that 引导的是结果状语从句，并且 that 在从句中不充当句子成分，若在上句填入 such . that .，句末的动词 like 缺宾语。选C的理由如下：as 用作关系代词，用以引导定语从句，修饰其前的名词 boy，同时 as 在定语从句中用作动词 like 的宾语，句意为所有老师都喜欢的一位好男孩。

13、有的同学可能还会问，假若选A，能否将其后的 that 视为引导定语从句的关系代词呢？不能，因为当先行词受到 such 的修饰时，其后的定语从句应用关系代词 as 来引导，而不用that.比较下面一题，答案为A，因为 like 后有自己的宾语 him：【例题3】 【题干】She says that shell never forget the time _ shes spent working as a secretary in our company. A. which B. when C. how D. where 【答案】A 【解析】【陷阱】容易误选B，机械地认为时间名词后必须用关系副词w

14、hen，地点名词后用关系副词 where.正确答案为A.在时间名词和地点名词后是否用关系副词要看它在定语从句中充当什么句子成分。一般说来，若用作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若用作状语，则用关系副词。上面一题中的动词 spent 缺宾语，故应用关系代词 which或that.比较下面一题，由于空格后的句子不缺少主语或宾语，所以选关系副词when：She says that shell never forget the time _ she works as a secretary in our company.A. which B. when C. how D. where请再做一题Our comp

15、any will move to a tall building _ we worked two years ago.A. where B. when C. that D. which 四、课堂运用【基础】The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET 2001）A.until B.that C.when D.where解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours和关系词被介词短语to

16、 me所分隔。定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。【巩固】 _ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001)A.It B.As C.That D.What解析：答案为B。本题考查as引导的非限制定语从句。as作“正如”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known、as is said、as is reported、as is announ

17、ced等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。【拔高】 After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996)A.which B.where C.that D.when解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where引导。要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。课程小

18、结（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于从句之首，主句先行词之后，起着连接先行词和从句的作用， 同时在从句中又充当句子成分。e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（关系代词who在从句中作主语）The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在从句中作介词with的宾语）3、关系代词和关系副词的用法：1）当先行词为人时用who 作主语，whom作宾

19、语；2）当先行词为物或整个句子时用which ，可作主语或宾语；3）先行词为人、物时用that ，可作主语或宾语；4）whose用作定语，可指人或物；5）关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。（二）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，

20、去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）（三）使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1、that与which的区别。1）用that而不用 which的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, ；先行词有最高级修饰，有序数词修饰；先行词有only, very, any等词修饰；先行词既有人又有物时。e.g. There is nothing that can p

21、revent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。2）用which而不用 that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句；代表整个主句的意思；介词 + 关系代

22、词。e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。This is the room in which my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。3）as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。Such machines as are used in ou

23、r workshop are made in China. 我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所预料的那样，他在这次期中考试中又获得了第一名。3）as

24、 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.He made a long speech, which was unexpected.当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesnt like at all.2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词单数还是用复数应由先行词决定。e.g. The man who lives down

25、stairs speaks English fluently. 住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.3. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I cant understand.4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词 + which”来代替。e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = w

26、hen ) the Peoples Republic of China was founded.5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可有which, that, whom, 口语中也可用who，且可省略。e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to schoo

27、l. 课后作业【基础】把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.4. The students will not pass the exam . They dont study hard.5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw

28、her in the park.6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.11. Here is the girl. Her brother w

29、orks in this shop.12. Thats the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework havent been handed in.15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it

30、 grew many banana trees.17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.20. She came into a big room. In the middle of

31、it stood a large table.【巩固】根据句子意思，在第一个空白处填入介词，在第二个填入关系代词whom或which:1. The person _ _ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.2. The pencil _ _ he was writing broke.3. Wu Dong, _ _ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.4. The two things _ _ Marx was not sure were the grammar and s

32、ome of the idioms of English.5. Her bag, _ _ she put all her books, has not been found.6. The stories about the Long March, _ _ this is one example, are well written.【拔高】选择填空：1. The man _ visited our school yesterday is from London.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. when2. The woman _ is talking to my mother i

33、s a friend of hers.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which3. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. as4. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?A. whenB. where C. whichD. who5. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just

34、 the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. as6. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. when7. Where is the man _ I met this morning?A. whenB. whereC. whichD. who8. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?A. whoB. /C. thatD. when9. The m

35、an _ you talked just now is a worker.A. whoB. whomC. to whomD. to who10. The man _ you are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour.A. with whomB. whenC. to whomD. which11. The doctor _ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is ta

36、lking toD. who the nurse is talking12. The man _ around our school is from America.A. which you showedB. you showed himC. you showedD. where you showed13. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whomB. from whomC. about thatD. who14. In fact the Swede did not understand the three questi

37、ons _ were asked in French.A. whereB. whoC. in whichD. which15. Have you read the book _ I lent to you?A. thatB. whomC. whenD. whose16. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.A. that B. which C. whateverD. all17. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were

38、warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of themB. most of thatC. most of whomD. most of those18. This is the very letter _came last night.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. as19. I know only a little about this matter; you may ask _ knows better than I.A. whoeverB. whomeverC. anyoneD. the one20. This is the sch

39、ool _ we visited three days ago.A. whereB. /C. whenD. what21. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. whereB. thatC. whichD. on which22. Nearby were two canoes _ they had come to the island.A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. /23. Jack is pleased with _ you have given him and all _ you have told him.A. that, whatB. what, thatC. which, whatD. that, which24. Do you work near the building _ clour is yellow?A. thatB. whichC. itsD. whose25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. whomB. whoC. to whomD. form whom 答案基础1.