高中英语主谓一致讲解易智英语

1、高中英语：主谓一致一、概念：主谓一致是指谓语在人称和数上必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。这是英语语法中必须遵循的基本规则。二、主谓一致的情形：语法一致、就近一致、意义一致。 （一）语法一致主语为单数形式, 谓语动词也用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语动词也用复数形式。不可数名词作主语, 谓语动词用单数；可数名词的复数形式作主语, 谓语动词用复数。e.g. I often help him and he often helps me. We often help each other.(1)由and连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，如果两个名词或代词之前都有冠词,则表示复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果

2、and连接的后面的一个名词前没有冠词，则谓语动词用单数形式。例如：The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.The poet and novelist was present at the meeting.(2)这部分主语前面有each, every, many a, no 等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。例句： Each doctor and（each）nurse was given a new shirt. No sound and no voice is heard. Many a boy and girl h

3、as made the same mistake. Every minute and every second is precious.(3) 动名词，不定式，主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： Reading is a great pleasure in life. To live means to create. That we need more time is obvious. What is needed is food and medicine.(4)表示时间，金钱，距离，重量的复数名词表示数量做主语时，被视为一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： Three thousa

4、nd miles is a long distance. Eight hours of sleep is enough. Ten dollars is enough for him.Fifty kilograms is not too long to be carried(5)不定代词anyone, anything, everyone, everything, someone, something, no one, nothing, each the other 等做主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例句： Is anybody going to tell him the news ? Someo

5、ne wants to see you.（二）就近原则(1)由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, 连接的两个名词或代词做主语时，谓语动词和离它最近的那个名词或代词的人称和数一致。例句：. Either you or Jean is to be sent to New Zealand. Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies. Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad

6、 weather. George or Tom is wanted.（2）注意：There be句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。例句：. There arent any letters in the mail for you today. There is a lamp, two pens and three books on the desk. Here are some envelopes and paper for you.（3）名词后面带有with, along with, together with, besides, except, but, like, inclu

7、ding, as well as, rather than短语共同做主语时，谓语动词与这些短语前面的那个名词的数一致。例句：. All but one were here just now. A library with five thousand books is offered to that nation as a gift. . An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work. You as well as I are wrong.（三）意义一致（1）代词none, neither, all

8、的不可数形式还是复数形式由它们指的内容决定例句：（1）All hope has gone.（2）All are agreed on this point.（3）Is there any milk in the fridge? No, there is none.（4）None has returned from the meeting.（2） 集合名词group, family, class, government, team, public, enemy, crowd, audience, club, party, crew等名词等作主语时,如果看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式,如果看成其中

9、各成员，则用复数形式. 例句The army is going to remain in this town. The army have rescued the travelers.注意：集合名词cattle, clothes, people, the police表示复数意义，谓语动词永远复数。people 民族（可数名词，peoples)（3）限定词短语all of; none of; a lot of; 以及分数/百分数+of .修饰名词构成的名词短语做主语时，谓语动词的形式由of 后面的名词形式决定。例句：None of these suggestions are very help

10、ful. Two-fifths of the students in the class are from America (4)主语是单复数同形的名词deer, sheep, fish鱼,series系列, species物种, means手段, works工厂, aircraft飞行器, ect.时，视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数。例句：A new means has been used .Many means have not come into effect.（5）theadj表示一类人，谓语动词用复数，如the old, the young, the rich, the poo

11、r等；the+ adj表示一类抽象的事物，谓语动词用单数，如the beautiful, the good等。例句：1 The old are taken good care of in our society.2 The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.3 The beautiful is not always the same as the good. 4 The new is sure to replace the old.四、特殊的主谓一致原则（1）以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名、书名等作主语，视为单数；有些不可

12、数名词如news, maths , physics 虽然以s结尾，但不是复数，谓语动词用单数。例句：Physics is not easy to understand. (2) a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of 等量词修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。 例句：This pair of glasses is very expensive. Two series of new stamps have been ordered. (3) a number of 复数名词，“许多”,谓语动词用复数；the number of

13、复数名词，“的数目”，谓语动词用单数; the population of“的人口数量”作主语时，谓语动词用单数，但如果是分数、百分数、half of, the rest of the population 作主语时，谓语动词用复数；the average of“的平均数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例句：The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard. The population of China is large and most of the popu

14、lation are farmers. (4)a (large) quantity of +可数/不可数名词, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数；但是，quantities of +可数/不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。例句：Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. A large quantity of people is needed here.(5)a great deal of/a large amount of+不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词用单数; 但large amounts of +不可数名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例句：A

15、 large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge. （6）every / each / no 单数名词and every / each / no 单数名词作主语时，谓语用单数；one 单数名词and a half”=one and a half +n.(复数)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；more than one 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；many a 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；例句：

16、Every boy and every girl is having sports now. One and a half hours is not enough to me. More than one boy was invited to the ball yesterday. Many a student in our class wears glasses. (7)one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词与复数名词一致。 the only one of +复数名词做定语从句的先行词时，定语从句中的谓语动词用单数形式。例句：Jim was one of the

17、boys who were late for class. Jim was the only one of the boys who was late for class. 五、难点突破主谓一致的考查主要体现在单项选择和短文改错两个题型中。同学们在练习和应试时，遇到这样的题时，要牢记主谓一致的三个基本原则。一定要根据句子内容抓住关键的主语部分。同时还要考虑句子的时态和语态。【典型例题】例1 E-mail, as well as telephones, _ an important part in daily communication. A. is playingB. have playedC

18、. are playing D. play分析：带有as well as 短语的名词做主语时，谓语动词与这个名词的人称和数一致，不受as well as 短语内容的影响。E-mail是单数形式，故选择A。例2 Either John or his friends _ to blame for the bad results.A. areB. isC. wasD. has been分析：eitheror.连接两个名词做主语时，其谓语动词与离它最近的名词的数和人称一致，本题中his friends 决定了谓语动词的形式，故选择A。例3 The conductor and composer _by

19、a crowd of people.A. are greeted B. is greeted C. greets D. Have been greeted分析：根据句意，主语部分的The conductor and composer 是指一个人即：乐队指挥兼作曲家， 所以主语的内容是单数形式，故选择B。例4 The trousers _you well, madam.But the colour _ me. A. fit; dont suit B. fits; doesnt suit C. fits; dont suit D. fit; doesnt suit分析：trousers, clot

20、hes, glasses,等名词本身就是复数形式。谓语动词用复数形式。Colour 是单数，谓语用单数，故选择D。例5 The Smiths family, which _ rather a large one, _ very fond of their old house.A. were; wereB. was; wereC. were; was D. was; was分析：family指“家庭”为单数，指“家庭成员”为复数形式。第一空格前的which 指“家庭” 谓语用was. 第二空格后的fond of指“家庭成员喜欢他们的老房子” 谓语为were，故选择B。例6 He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. areC. have been D. has been 分析：当定语从句先行词是“one of