高中语法定语从句关系代词的用法

1、定语从句1. 定义：在复合句中，修饰主句中的某个名词或代词的句子。 The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.You must do everything that I do.He built the factory where I have worked for years.I cant understand the reason why he was late.2. 先行词：主句中被定语从句修饰的那个名词或代词。定语从句一般放在先行词后面，紧挨着先行词。3. 关系词：引导定语从句的词。包括关系代词和关系副词。关系代词：that, which

2、, who, whom, whose, as关系副词：where, when, why4. 关系词的作用：指代先行词；连接主从句；在定语从句中充当句子成分。5. 定语从句的分类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。注：限制性定语从句起修饰限定的作用；非限制性定语从句起补充说明的作用，并且先行词和定语从句间有逗号。其中that不能引导非限制性定语从句。Walmart, which is one of the biggest supermarket in the USA, keeps his shops open.6. 关系代词：在定语从句中充当主语，宾语或定语。（1）关系代词 that, whic

3、h, who, whom的用法： 在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 关系代词指代的先行词，是人还是物？ 见下表关系代词关系代词指代的先行词指代的先行词在定语从句中的成分在定语从句中的成分引导的定语从句引导的定语从句that既可以是人又可以是物主语，宾语限制性which只可以是物主语，宾语限制性和非限制性who只可以是人主语，宾语限制性非限制性whom只可以是人宾语限制性非限制性只可用that，不能用which的情况；（指物的情况）先行词既有人又有物； Tom told his mother about the cities and the people that he had visited las

4、t week.先行词是不定代词，something，everything，anything等； The next day people put up shelters in the open air made with anything that they could find.先行词被all, every, no, little, much等修饰时； All trees that were cut down yesterday belong to him. 先行词被the only, the last, the very等修饰时；This is the very book that I am

5、 looking for . 先行词是序数词或形容词最高级，以及被这些词所修 饰时；This is the most beautiful park that I have ever seen. There be 句型结构中用that。 There is a book whose cover is blue.只用which,不用that的情况（指物的情况）非限制性定语从句中；先行词是that或those; I dont like that which made us angry. 介词后面; The house in which I grew up was taken down.只用who，不用

6、that的情况。（指人的情况）先行词是all，those时； Those who wear red dress are actresses.先行词是指人的不定代词；Anyone who wants to study hard can make progress. （2）关系代词whose的用法； whose在定语从句中作定语，既可以指人也可以指物； whose后的名词和先行词之间是所属关系，而非单纯的指代。 The desk whose legs are broken belongs to me. The desk of which the legs are broken belongs to

7、 me. The desk the legs of which are broken belongs to me. 总结关系代词的用法：（1）在定语从句中充当主语或宾语，其中whose作定语；（2）关系词的省略：在限制性定语从句中，关系代词作宾语，表语是可以省略； The man is the teacher(that/who/whom) I am afraid of. This is the house(that/which) I grew up in. This is the house in which I grew up.That不能放在介词后，who也不可，须用whom。（13年 山

8、东）35. Finally he reached a lonely island_ was completely cut off from the outside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom （13年 福建）27. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those_ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which（13年 天津）6. We have launched another satellit

9、e, _ is announced in todays newspaper. A. that B. which C. who D. what （13年 湖南）21. Happiness and success often come to those_ are good at recognizing their own strengths. A. whom B. who C. what D. which（12年 天津）7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without_ help I would never have got this far. A. who

10、B. whose C. whom D. which（10年 全国2）32. I refuse to accept the blame for something_ was someone elses fault. A. who B. that C. as D. what26. The man pulled out a gold watch,_ were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whom B. whom the hands of C. which the hands of D. of which the hands1. I missed the factory_ I worked last year. A. which B. that C. where D. when2. This is the factory_ we visited last week. A. which B. where C. why D. whom3.