Morpheme词素PPT课件

1、DefinitionThe smallest unit of language The smallest unit of language in terms of relationship in terms of relationship between expression and content, between expression and content, a unit that cannot be further a unit that cannot be further divided into smaller units divided into smaller units wi

2、thout destroying or without destroying or drastically altering the drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical.or grammatical.第1页/共12页FreeBoundFree rootderivationalinflectionalBound rootaffixesMORPHEMESprefixsuffix词缀词缀黏着词根黏着词根自由词根自由词根词素词素派生词缀

3、派生词缀屈折词缀屈折词缀自由词素自由词素黏着词素黏着词素第2页/共12页Free morphemes（自由词素）（自由词素）Free morphemes are those that may occur alone, that is, those which may make up words by themselves. E.g. bed dog dance nation Such words are called mono-morphemic words（单语素词）（单语素词）.All mono-morphemic words are free morphemes. poly-morphe

4、mic words（多语素词）（多语素词）：Words consist wholly of free morphemes.第3页/共12页E.g. distempered It has three morphemes, namely, dis-, temper, and ed, of which temper is a free morpheme, dis- and ed are two bound morphemes.第4页/共12页In contrast, -s in cups, -al in national, dis- in disopen, cannot alone. These m

5、ust appear with at least one different morpheme, and called bound morphemes（黏着词素）（黏着词素）.第5页/共12页The root（词根）（词根） is the primary lexical unit of a word, and carries the most significant aspects of semantic content and cannot be reduced into smaller constituents ache 痛痛 earache 耳痛耳痛 第6页/共12页 A root ma

6、y also be free or bound. First, free root（自由词根）（自由词根） morphemes are those that can stand by themselves and are the base forms of words, such as bookishSecond, there are relatively a few bound root （黏着词根）黏着词根）morphemes in English.Such as :pseudo-第7页/共12页An affix（词缀）（词缀） is the collective term for the

7、 type of morpheme that can be used only when added to another morpheme (the root or stem), so affix is naturally bound.Affixes in a language are limited in number, and are generally classified into three subtypes, namely, prefix（前缀）（前缀）, suffix（后缀）（后缀） and infix（中缀）（中缀）, depending on their position

8、around the root or stem of a word. 第8页/共12页Inflectional affix（屈折词缀）（屈折词缀）: Affix that attached to the end of words to indicate grammatical relationships are inflectional affixInflectional affixes are mostly suffixesE.g: cups asked faster 第9页/共12页Derivational affix（派生词缀）（派生词缀）are affixes which are added to other morphemes