高一英语语法—定语从句

1、 定语从句定语从句 the Attributive Clausethe Attributive Clause高一英语语法定语 my book a holiday of seven days a seven-day holiday something important a good holiday a country developing fast a toy factory a book written by J.k. Rowling a developing country a book to be published a developed country a book which wa

2、s written by J.K. Rowling1. 放在放在名词前名词前2. 由单个的由单个的代词代词/数数词词/形容词形容词/名词名词/-ing/ -ed 来充当来充当1. 放在放在名词或代词后名词或代词后2. 由由介词结构形容词介词结构形容词-ing结构结构-ed结构结构to do结构结构句子句子来充当来充当前置定语前置定语后置定语后置定语important(单个单个)(多个多个)定语1. 1. 用来用来修饰修饰某个某个名词或代词名词或代词的成分的成分2. 2. 可以放在名词之可以放在名词之前前；也可以放在；也可以放在名词或代词之名词或代词之后后3. 3. 在翻译时通常带有一个在翻译时

3、通常带有一个“的的”定语从句 the Attributive Clausethe Attributive Clause She is our first lady. Our first lady can sing songs wonderfully. She is our first lady, who can sing songs wonderfully. She is our first lady whom we all admire and respect. She is our first lady. we all admire and respect her.定语从句1. 1. 当定

4、语成分由一个句子来充当时，当定语成分由一个句子来充当时，这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句这个句子就叫定语从句，即用一个句子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或子去修饰另一个句子中的某个名词或代词代词2. 2. 通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词通常紧跟在所修饰的名词或代词后后This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling3. 3. 定语从句的定语从句的必备两要素必备两要素This is a book which was written by J.K. Rowling先行词（名词或代词）先行词（名词或代词）关系词关系词(引导词引导词)（that/which/

5、who/whom/whose/ when/where/why）1.You are the right man whom we are looking for.2.Ive spent all the money which was given by my parents.3.I will never forget the day when I joined the party.4.This is the factory where the machines are made.找出定语从句；找出定语从句两要素找出定语从句；找出定语从句两要素定语从句定语从句- 充当定语的句子充当定语的句子先行词先行

6、词-被修饰限定的名词或代词被修饰限定的名词或代词关系词（引导词）关系词（引导词）-引导定语从句的词，引导定语从句的词， 包括包括关系代词关系代词和和关系副词关系副词。定语从句可分为两种，即定语从句可分为两种，即限制性限制性定语从句和定语从句和非限制性非限制性定语从句。定语从句。基本概念现在你认识定语从句了吗？从书本页课文中找出所有的定语从句从书本页课文中找出所有的定语从句 But one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night. It was

7、felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. The number of people who were killed of injured reached more than 400 000. another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. W

8、orkers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.定语从句考点 (一)关系词的确定关系词的功能 关系词处在先行词和定语从句之间，有三大功能：关系词处在先行词和定语从句之间，有三大功能： 连接作用连接作用-连接主从句的纽带连接主从句的纽带 指代作用指代作用-指代先行词指代先行词 充当成分充当成分- 在从句中充当句子成分（主语，在从句中充当句子成分（主语， 宾语，表语，定语，状语）宾语，表语，定语，状语）现在我们将常用的关系词的指代功能和在句子中的句法功能总结如下： She is our first lady, w

9、ho can sing songs wonderfully. 引导词引导词指代内容指代内容充当成分充当成分 whowhom thatwhichwhosewhenwherewhy人人主宾表主宾表人人宾宾人事物人事物主宾表主宾表事物事物主宾主宾人的事物的人的事物的时间状语时间状语地点状语地点状语原因状语原因状语时间时间地点地点原因原因定定(后通常加名词或代词后通常加名词或代词)方法二：还原法把先行词还原到定语从句中去把先行词还原到定语从句中去, 看看看看是放在主语，宾语，表语还是状语的是放在主语，宾语，表语还是状语的位置上，最终来确定引导词位置上，最终来确定引导词例一：例一： The studen

10、ts _ dont study hard will not pass the exam._ dont study hard.The students主语，而且指人主语，而且指人 who/that例二：例二： The woman _ you saw in the park is our Chinese teacher.you saw _ in the park.the woman宾语，而且指人宾语，而且指人 (whom/who/that)注意：如果先行词还原到定语从句中，充当的是宾语,那么可以把引导词省略 1. Do you want a friend whom you could tell e

11、verything to? 2. Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you? 3. She and her family hid away for nearly 25 months before they were discovered? 4. Nature is one thing that really must be experienced. 5. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 6. All languages change and develo

12、p when cultures meet and communicate with each other.Revision of the last periodCan you find attributive clauses? 7. Some people who live in the mountains of eastern USA speak with an older kind of English dialect. 8. She insisted that she organize the trip properly. 9. Now I know that the proper wa

13、y is always her way. 10. We found a large atlas with good maps which showed details of world geography. 11. (Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles?) Thats what we looked like. 12. We will reach Dali soon, where our cousins will join us.3. Do you know the boy _ leg was broken when he fell out of a

14、 tree? 4. This is the boy _ sister is a famous singer. 5. The letter _ I received yesterday is from my brother. 6. The film _ we saw last night was wonderful. 7. The man _ was here a minute ago is my uncle. whosewhose(which/that)(which/that) who / that8. The train _ was going to Guangdong was late.

15、9. The book _ he is reading is very interesting. which / that (which / that)关系词关系代词关系副词thatwhichwhomwhoseaswhenwhywhowhere 正确使用关系 词主语宾语表语定语状语指代人或物功能指代时间地点原因功能选择依据：选择依据： 1) 弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语、 宾语、定语还是状语宾语、定语还是状语2) 辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、辨别先行词表示的是人、物、事还是时间、 地点、原因地点、原因3) 判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的

16、判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的(只有只有 that, why不能引导非限制性从句不能引导非限制性从句)10. Theyll never forget the days _ they spent in the countryside. they spent the days in the countryside. 11. Theyll never forget the days _ they studied together.They studied together during the days. (which / that) when引导词的特殊情况引导词的特殊情况I am sure s

17、he has something (that) you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine. This is the first book (that) he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 先行词为先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, muc

18、h等修饰时等修饰时(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。修饰时。只能用只能用thatthat不能用不能用whichwhich的情况的情况(5)先行词指人又指事物先行词指人又指事物They talked about the people and things (that) they met at college. A)that B) which C)who D)whom E)省略省略多项选择多项选择1.The terrible typhoon killed the

19、 people and cattle_ were in the fields.2.The wind blew down the tallest tree _ is in front of our school gate.3.This is the very thing _ I was looking for.4.This is the second novel _ I have ever read.5.There is nothing in the world _ can frighten me.A AAEAAE只能用只能用whichwhich不能用不能用thatthat的情况的情况(1) 非

20、限定性定语从句，即有逗号隔开的定语从句非限定性定语从句，即有逗号隔开的定语从句It was felt in Beijing, which was 200 km away.(2) 以介词开头的定语从句以介词开头的定语从句,即介词前置的定语从句即介词前置的定语从句This is the room _ Chairman Mao once lived in.This is the room in _ Chairman Mao once lived. (which / that) which(3) 定语从句修饰的是前面整句话定语从句修饰的是前面整句话He passed the exam, which s

21、urprised everyone in our class. when, where, why 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句初步感知初步感知P37 Exercise 21. The mines where I worked were 9 km from my home.2. The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.3. The time when I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.4. The government building where we voted was very

22、 tall.5. The date when I arrived was late at night.1. The mines _ I worked were 9 km from my home. 2. The reason _ I got a job was because of my hard work. 3. The time _ I joined the ANC was the 5th of August. 4. The government building _ we voted was very tall. 5. The date _I arrived was late at ni

23、ght如何来确定引导词如何来确定引导词?如何来确定引导词如何来确定引导词?方法一：根据先行词方法一：根据先行词方法二：还原法方法二：还原法 ( (把先行词还原到定语从句中去把先行词还原到定语从句中去) )例一：例一： The mines _ I worked were 9 km from my home. I worked _. in the mines地点状语地点状语where / in which例二：例二： The reason _I got a job was because of my hard work.I got a job _. for the reason原因状语原因状语wh

24、y / for which例三：例三： The time I joined the ANC was the 5th of August.I joined the ANC _. at the time时间状语时间状语when / at which例四：例四： The government building we voted was very tall.We voted _. in the building地点状语地点状语where / in which例五：例五： The date I arrived was late at night.I arrived _. on the date时间状语时

25、间状语when / on which1. The time _ I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.2. The school _ I studied for only two years was 3 km away.3. The day _ Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.4. The parts of town _ they had to live were decided by white people.5. The places

26、 _ they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa. when / at which where / in which when / on which where / in which where / in which1. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when2. It was an exciting mome

27、nt for these people this year, _ for the first time their team won the World Cup. A. that B. while C. which D. when D BIll never forget the day _ we worked together.when / on whichIll never forget the day_ we spent happily together.which / that比较比较We worked together on the day.We spent the day happi

28、ly together.1. I will always remember the hours _ we lived together. I will always remember the hours _ we spent together.2. Can you still think of the village _he once worked? Can you still think of the village _ he once visited? when / in which (which/that) where / in which (which / that)总结1. 引导词的

29、确定必须用还原法引导词的确定必须用还原法2. 先行词还原后如果先行词还原后如果在它前面要加上一个介词在它前面要加上一个介词，那么说明它在定语从句中充当状语，通常用那么说明它在定语从句中充当状语，通常用 “when/where/why” 来引导来引导3. “when/where/why” 通常可以替换成通常可以替换成 “介词介词which”(仅限于定语从句中仅限于定语从句中)4. 如果先行词是表示如果先行词是表示 “时间时间/地点地点/原因原因”的词的词, 引引导词并不一定是导词并不一定是 “when/where/why”，也有可，也有可能是能是 “which/that”，介词前置的定语从句 1

30、. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice. 2. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 3. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 4. It was a prison from which no one escaped. 5. He is a man of great experience, from whom much can be l

31、earned. 6. Chapin, for whom money was now no problem, start a new film company with his friends. 7. Antarctica, about which we know very little, is covered with thick ice all the year round.介词前置的定语从句1. 1. 考点一考点一：引导词引导词which, whomwhich, whom2. 2. 考点二：介词的确定考点二：介词的确定方法：还原法先行词还原到定方法：还原法先行词还原到定语从句中去语从句中去

32、, 看看它与定语从句看看它与定语从句之间需要哪个介词来连接之间需要哪个介词来连接例一：例一： Mandela was the black lawyer _whom I went for advice. _ whom I went for advice.I went _ Mandela for advice.toto例二：例二： It was a prison _ which no one escaped._ which no one escaped.No one escaped _ the prison.fromfromCan you work them out?Can you work th

33、em out? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?1. The sun gives us heat and light, _ which we cant live.2. The student _ whom we were talking just now is the best student in our class.3. Ill never forget the day _ which she said good-bye to me.4. Who can give me the reason _ which he hasnt turned up yet?for aboutonwithoutLoo

34、k out! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.A. which B. whose C. that D. of whichthe综合练习1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July 1,1999 is the day when well never forget._(去掉去

35、掉)which_tothe one5. I still remember the holidays I stayed with them.6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me.7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.inwhen_who_(that/which)9.This is the last time when Ive given you lessons.10. Soon they came to a farm house,and in front of which sat a small boy.11. We heard the news which our team won the game.12. The reason which he explained it sounds reasonable._ that_ that _whyit_13. Those at the desk want to buy tickets write down you