初中宾语从句

1、object clauses宾语从句一教学任务一教学任务 宾语从句宾语从句 二教学重点二教学重点 1.1.宾语从句的概念宾语从句的概念 2. 2.宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词 3.3.宾语从句中的语序宾语从句中的语序 4.4.宾语从句的时态变化宾语从句的时态变化3教学难点教学难点 1. when与与if 引导的宾语从句和状语从句引导的宾语从句和状语从句 2.宾语从句与简单句的互换宾语从句与简单句的互换 we know him we know he likes english.主主s s主主s s谓谓v v谓谓v v宾宾o o宾宾o o宾语从句就是由一个句子来构成主句的宾语宾语从句就是由一个

2、句子来构成主句的宾语 主主s s谓谓v v宾宾o o简单句简单句复合句复合句 一 什么 是宾语从句？试比较e.g.: 1) i hear (that) he will be back in an hour. 2) he said (that) he wanted to stay at home.1. that二二 .宾语从句的引导词宾语从句的引导词(2012呼和浩特）what did you teacher say this morning?she told us_a.why was tom late for school againb.whether we had too much home

3、work c.how he did come to school this morningd.that we would have a test soon2. 由特殊疑问词由特殊疑问词 who, whom, whose, which, what, where, how, why, when引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句,这些词这些词既有词义又在宾语从句中充当成分。既有词义又在宾语从句中充当成分。e.g.1)do you know whose book it is ? 2)could you tell me why the train is late? 3)he asked who could a

4、nswer the question. (2011陕西）i was told to meet mr. green at the airport. but i dont know _ he will arrive.a. where b. why c. how d. when(2011成都）can you tell me _ ?hes a bank clerk.a.who your father isb.what your father doesc.where your father works(2012浙江温州）can you tell me _ to travel to dalian?-abo

5、ut two hours by plane.a.how much it cost b. what i should takec. how long it takes d. which is the best season(2012乌鲁木齐）i really dont know_?a.what should i do b. why he is so nervousc. how did he run away d. where has he gone3.由从属连词由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句if/whether 引导宾语从句引导宾语从句 表示表示“是否是否”之义

6、，说明对陈之义，说明对陈述的事物述的事物不明确或不清楚不明确或不清楚，在句中，在句中不充当句子成份不充当句子成份. 常常用在用在ask, wonder, can/could you tell me后后(2012山东澭坊）weve given her some advice, but i dont know _ shell accept it.a. what b. where c. whether d. which特殊情况：只能用特殊情况：只能用whether不能用不能用if的情况的情况 1.在介词后面：在介词后面： im thinking of whether we should go fis

7、hing. we didnt think about whether it would rain the next day. 2.在动词不定式前：在动词不定式前： they asked me whether to sit at the front.3.当与当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时连用，或提出两种选择时:i dont know whether hes free or not.mary asked whether i was doing my homework or not.tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the ro

8、om.4.宾语从句提前时：宾语从句提前时：whether this is true or not, i cant say.5.在动词在动词discuss后的宾语从句中后的宾语从句中:e.g.: we discussed whether we would have a sports meeting next week.6.引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whethere.g.: whether he is right or wrong is a question. the question was whether he went there last nigh

9、t.helen says that she will learn french next year. do you know where he comes from? he asked me if i could get to the bus station on time.三三. . 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句宾语从句都是运用陈述句的语序都是运用陈述句的语序，即是，即是“主语在前，主语在前，谓语在后谓语在后”的顺序。的顺序。(2012山西）as for mr. brown, do you know_? sure, canada

10、. but he has been teaching french for two years in shanghai.a.where he is workingb.where he comes fromc. where is his motherland(2011南京）most children are interested in amazing things, and they wonder_.a. when can they see ufosb. how can elephants walk on tiptoec. why do fish sleep with their eyes op

11、end. why there is no plant life without lightening(2012北京）-can you tell me _the prize, tom? -last year.a.when you got b. when did you getc. when will you get d. when you will get(2012天津）-can you tell me_? -with lucys help.a. when you did it so well b. when did you do it so wellc. how you did it so w

12、elld. how did you do it so well(2012重庆）-could you tell me_? -by searching the internet.a.how you got the informationb.why you got the informationc.how did you get the informationd.why did you get the information(2012南京）-peter, is there anything else you want to know about china? -yes. i am still won

13、dering_.a.how is chinese paper cut madeb.how was the great wall built in ancient timesc.why the chinese people like to play the dragon danced.why do the chinese people eat rice dumplings at dragon boat festive宾语从句中时态的变化宾语从句中时态的变化1. 主句的时态是一般现在时一般现在时，从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。eg: i dont think you are right. plea

14、se tell me what they bought in the mall yesterday.(2012兰州）-do you know _ dunhuang with his family? -next week.a.when does mr. brown visitb.when will mr. brown visitc.when mr. brown visitsd.when mr. brown will visit(2012山东临沂) i wonder _ on april 23, world book day. did you find some interesting books

15、 to read?a. what did you do b. what you didc. what do you do d. what you do (2011重庆）the woman asked the policeman where_.a.the post office is b. the post office wasc. is the post office d. was the post office2. 主句是一般过去式，主句是一般过去式， 从句只能用相应的过去时态。从句只能用相应的过去时态。(2011宁夏）bob asked me_.a.what was she doingb.

16、what is she doingc.what she was doingd.what she is doing主从句动作同时发生，从句用过去进行时主从句动作同时发生，从句用过去进行时-what did you teacher say this morning?-she told us _ .a.why was tom late for school againb.that we will have a test soonc.that we would have a test soond.how much the dress costs主句是一般过去时，主句的动作发生在从句之前，主句是一般过去

17、时，主句的动作发生在从句之前，从句是过去将来时。从句是过去将来时。he said the train _ by the time they arrived at station.a. left b. had left c. have left d. is leaving主句是一般过去式，主句是一般过去式，从句的动作发生在主句之前，从句的动作发生在主句之前，从句是过去完成时。从句是过去完成时。3. 如果从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态用一般现在时。如果从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态用一般现在时。our teacher said that january is the first month of

18、the year.scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.the teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.五.宾语从句与简单句的转换 1.当主从句的主语一致时当主从句的主语一致时,且主句的谓语是且主句的谓语是hope, wish, decide, agree, choose等时等时, 从句可简化为不定式。从句可简化为不定式。1) i dont know what i shall do next. i dont kno

19、w what to do next.2) john didnt decide which shirt he would buy. john didnt decide which shirt to buy.2. 当主从句的主语一致时，且主语的谓语是当主从句的主语一致时，且主语的谓语是know, remember, forget, learn等时，从句等时，从句可简化为可简化为“疑问词疑问词+不定式不定式”。 1) can you tell me how i can get to the police station? can you tell me how to get to the polic

20、e station? 2) please show me how i should start the recorder. please show me how to start the recorder.3. 动词seem后的宾语从句可用不定式来简化，但句型要有适当的变化。it seems that football is very interesting.football seems to be very interesting.4. 宾语从句可简化成名词或名词短语。i dont believe what tom said.i dont believe toms words. 练一练1.i

21、 dont know what i shall do next .(变为简单句） i dont know next .2.john didnt decide which book he would buy .(变为简单句） john didnt decide .3.can you tell me how to get to the bus stop ?(变为复合句） can you tell me the bus stop ?4.please tell lucy how to use the mp5 .(变为复合句） can you tell lucy the mp5. 1. could you tell me ? a. where the twins were b. where the twins are c where are the twins 2. a: do you know ?b: yes , he came here by train . a. when he came here b. if he will come here c. why he came here d. how he