非谓语动词作状语

1、非谓语动词作状语一 动词不定式作状语 1.动词不定式通常作状语表示原因动词不定式通常作状语表示原因.结果结果.目的目的.条件等。条件等。 1）目的状语 to learn english well, he went to england. in order to achieve the aim, we must learn from other countries. 常可与in order to (为了)或 so as to (以便)连用。2）结果状语 动词不定式和ving形式作结果状语区别： 1 动词不定式作结果状语通常表示意想不到的结果，常与only连用构成only to do sth 2

2、动词ing形式作结果状语通常表示自然而然的情况或结果。 he ran to the station only to find the train had left. his father died, leaving him a lot of debts.3)原因状语we are excited to hear the news.4) 条件状语 to turn to the left, you could find a post office.二 动词ing形式作状语 可表示原因.结果.条件.让步.方式伴随等，可转化为相应的状语从句 1.表时间 walking out of the room,

3、he saw the boy still there. = when he walked out of the room, he. having made full preparations, we are ready for the exam. = after we have made full preparations, we.2.表原因 being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. = because he was ill, he. not mastering the way of studying, i didnt get a good res

4、ult. =as i didnt master the way of studying, i .3.表结果(并列谓语) his father died, leaving him a lot of money. = his father died and left him . the fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable. = the fire lasted nearly a month and left nothing valuable. 4.表条件 working hard at your lessons, you will

5、 succeed. =if you work hard at your lessons, you. if you dont make use of time, you will regret. =not making use of the time, you will .5.表让步 knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage. = athough they knew all this, they. studying from morning till night, i didnt pass the exam. = athough i st

6、udied from morning till night, i .6.方式.伴随或补充说明(并列结构） he lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. = he lay on the grass and stared at the . the gril came into the classroom, singing and dancing. = the gril came into the classroom and they sang and danced.注意: 1 为了使动词ing形式作状语表达的意思更明确，可在动词i

7、ng前加上适当的连词：when 、while 、if 、though 、unless 、even 等. dont talk while having dinner. once losing the chance, you cant easily find it.2.动词ing形式做状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 while reading the book, the telephone rang. while reading the book, she heard the telephone ring. looking out through the window, the garde

8、n was beautiful. looking out through the window, we found a beautiful garden.3.独立成分作状语 常见的分词短语有： frankly speaking ; honestly speaking; judging from ; considering; to tell the truth honestly speaking, he is not fit for the job. judging from his accent, he is from the south.三、过去分词ed作状语 过去分词做状语可表示被动和完成

9、的动作。 表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式等，相当于相应的状语从句。 1 表时间 seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. = when it is seen from the top of the hill, the city. asked what had happened, he lowered his head. =when he was asked what had happened, he. 2.表原因 surrounded by a group of young people, the

10、 old man felt happy. =as he was surrounded by a group of young people, the old man. greatly touched by the teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates. =because the boy was greatly touched by the teachers words, he. 3.表条件 given more time, we could do it better. = if we were given m

11、ore time, we. compared with your brother, you should make greater efforts to study english. = if you are compared with your brother, you.4.表让步 laughed at by many people, he continued his study. = although he was laughed at by many people, he. even if invited, i wont take part in the party. even if i

12、 am invited, i .5. 表示方式或伴随 supported by a girl, the old man got off the bus. he turned away, disappointed. he walked up and down the room, lost in thought.注意： 1.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，常用于一些系表结构中。此时的过去分词既不表被动也不表完成，而表示一种状态。这样的词有：lost；seated；hidden；lost/absorbed in；dressed in；tired of 等。 disappointed at the e

13、xamination result, she sat there silent. satisfied with our performance, the teacher kept nodding.2.过去分词做状语时，其逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致。 asked why she was late, her face went red. asked why she was late, she went red in the face.3.过去分词或短语做状语时，也可在其前面加上连词when、if、once、though、unless等，以便明确作何种状语。 though beaten, we were not discouraged. =though we were beated, we. once tasted, the dish is hard to forget. =once it is tasted, the dish.4.过去分词做状语与现在分词作状语的区别： 过去分词与句子主语构成动宾关系或被动关系。 现在分词与句子主语构成主谓关系或主动关系。