专插本英语整理后

1、倒装句:分为全部倒装和部分倒装。(参照语法结构表50页) 把谓语全部移到主语之前为全部倒装；只把助动词或情态动词 放在主语之前为部分倒装，倒装主要是为了强调某一句子成分。1.全部倒装的情况：地点副词+谓语动词+名词主语There be句型。 以here, there, in, out, up, down, away, now ,then等词开头的句子，而且主语是名词时： Here comes the teacher./ Here he comes. Here you are./ In came the boss. / There he goes. Out rushed the boys. Th

2、en came another problem. On the wall hangs a picture of mine. Under the desk are my shoes. There are some books on the shelf. There is a book and some pens on the desk.部分倒装: 【需要倒装的特殊的词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语动词】 1.Only 所修饰的短语或状语从句放在句首时， Only then did I know the fact. Only in this way can we learn English wel

3、l. Only when he called me did I realize he had come in. 2.含有否定意义的词，如hardly, never, no, not only, little等放在句首时， Never shall we forget the past. Hardly had he entered the room when the bell rang. Not a single mistake did she make in the exam. Little does she care about herself. Not only is she kind to

4、 us, but she is also very helpful.3.把neither, nor或so 放在句首，表示前面否定的或肯定的 内容也适用于后者。【neither/nor/ so+ 助动词（助动词由前面的句子决定其时态）+主语】 -We cannot go. -Neither/ Nor can they.也不 I dont study French, neither does she.也不 She is a nurse, so am I. 也是 4. So +形容词/ 副词+助动词+主语+that，“如此以致” So good was the weather that we all

5、 went out lying in the sun. So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.5.形容词/ 副词+ as +主语+谓语动词，表示“尽管”Young as he is, he has been to many countries.Hot as it is, people still enjoy the sun.6.虚拟条件句省略 if 的倒装：If I were you, I would accept him. Were I you, I would accept him.If I had k

6、nown that, I would not have bought the car. Had I known that, I would not have bought the car.If she should ring me up, I would give her my hand. Should she ring me up, I would give her my hand.反意疑问句：分为两部分，前部分为陈述部分，后一部分为疑问部分。回答时根据事实回答YES或NO。前后两部分互为相反。即：前否后肯，或前肯后否。-You didnt go to the library, did yo

7、u?-Yes, I did./ No, I didnt.应该注意的问题：1.如果陈述部分带有否定意义的词（few, little, hardly, never, no, nobody, nothing, rarely, scarcely, seldom等 ）时，疑问部分应为肯定式。These volunteers have little nursing experience, have they?You found nobody to help you, did you?2.如果陈述部分的谓语是wish, 疑问部分应是：may+主语。I wish to do something for you

8、, may I ?3.如果陈述部分的谓语是 have/ had to do, 疑问部分应是：dont/ didnt +主语。 I have to get the ticket four days ahead, dont I?4. 如果陈述部分的谓语是must, 疑问部分则根据实际情况来定。 You must be thirsty, arent you? He must have drunk a lot of beer last night, didnt he? She must be going to be promoted, wont she?5.如果陈述部分是由believe, expec

9、t, imagine, think 等词引导的宾语从句，疑问部分的动词应以从句中的谓语动词而定，但疑问部分的否定或肯定则与主句相反。 I cant imagine how pretty she is, is she? I expect he enjoys the party, doesnt he?6.如果陈述部分是祈使句，疑问部分应该用shall, will 或wont引导。 Have more coffee, will/ wont you? Lets do it, shall we? Let me do it, will you?7.陈述部分以there be 起始的，疑问部分以be the

10、re反问。 There is no water in the glass, is there? There will be problems to be solved, wont there?8. 陈述部分是感叹句，疑问部分用动词的否定式。 What a big house, isnt it? How hard he tried, didnt he?9.陈述部分的主语为someone, somebody, anyone, anybody等，疑问部分的主语用代词they；陈述部分的主语为something, anything等，疑问部分的主语用代词it。 Nobody called me whi

11、le I was out, did they? Everybody is excited at the news, arent they? Nothing is impossible, is it?反意疑问句小练 1. Few people would agree with this, _? A. did they B. would theyC. didnt they D. wouldnt they2. Nobody need be afraid of catching the disease, _? A. do they B. need theyC. dont they D. neednt

12、they3. The police must have known all about this, _? A. must it B. must theyC. have they D. has it4. I think its high time that she made up her mind, _?A. dont I B. isnt itC. didnt she D. hasnt it5. If you want help, let me know, _? A. can I B. do youC. will I D. will you6. Its cheap. I dont suppose

13、 he cares, _?A. is it B. do IC. does he D. does it7. “Hes selfish. I dont like him, _?” “No, I dont at all.”A. do I B. do youC. dont I D. does she8. “I think the teacher is wrong, _?” “No, I dont think so.”A. dont you B. dont IC. doesnt he D. doesnt she9. I dare not go out after dark. Let us go toge

14、ther, _?A. will you B. shall weC. can you D. can we10. There are times when such things are necessary, _?A. are there B. arent thereC. are they D. arent theyKeys:1-10: b b c b d c b a a b 英语倒装结构专练1. No sooner _themselves in their seats in the theatre _the curtain went up. A. they have settled; befor

15、e B. had they settled; thanC. have they settled; when D. they had settled; than2. I wonder if your girl friend will go to the ball. If she _, so _mine. A. does; does B. does; will C. will; does D. would; will3. Its necessary that not only _to see a doctor but also stay at home for a good sleep. A. B

16、ob should go B. did Bob go C. Bobs going D. should Bob go4. In _, but out _again. A. came the teacher; he went B. came the teacher; went heC. did the teacher come; he went D. the teacher came; went he5. Its beyond description. Nowhere else in the world _such a quiet, beautiful place. A. can there be

17、 B. you can find C. there can be D. can find you 6. Not until Dec. 2003 _caught by the US soldiers, and it was a great victory for the USA. A. was Saddam Hussein B. Saddam Hussein wasC. had Saddam Hussein been D. Saddam Hussein had been7. Only after _his homework _to watch TV. A. he has finished; is

18、 he allowed B. has he finished; is he allowedC. he has finished; he is allowed D. has he finished; he is allowed 8. From then on we never saw her again, nor _from her. A. heard we B. had we heard C. we have heard D. did we hear9. “Never _to hurt your feeling while I was expressing myself in the disc

19、ussion” explained Jim. A. I expected B. expected I C. had I expected D. did I expect10. _our bus; well have to wait for the next. A. Does there go B. It goes C. There goes D. Does it go 11. It was careless of you to have left your new bike outside all night.My god! _. A. So did I B. So I did C. So w

20、as I D. So were you 12. What a naughty boy he was! _. A. Down jumped he from the desk B. From the desk jumped he downC. He down jumped from the desk D. Down he jumped from the desk13. On the opposite wall _one map _with_dozens of pictures. A. hang; including B. are hung; together withC. is hanged; w

21、ith D. is hanging; as well as14. You can never use my computer. At no time _that machine.A. you should touch B. should you touchC. touch should you D. you touch15. Not until all the fish died in the river _how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realizedC. the vil

22、lagers did realize D. didnt the villagers realizeKeys:1- 10: b b a a a a a d d c11-15: b d d b a 复合句：由一个句子再加上一个非独立的句子构成的句子叫做复合句。从句：复合句里非独立的那个句子叫做从句。从句必须有引导词引导，即从句的形式应为：引导词+主语+谓语。从句在主句里作什么成分就叫什么从句。因此，从句可分为：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句；定语从句，状语从句。对从句的考查主要是考查其引导词，或从句里的时态，或其主谓语的顺序。复合句：由一个句子再加上一个非独立的句子构成的句子叫做复合句。

23、从句：复合句里非独立的那个句子叫做从句。从句必须有引导词引导，即从句的形式应为：引导词+主语+谓语。从句在主句里作什么成分就叫什么从句。因此，从句可分为：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句；定语从句，状语从句。对从句的考查主要是考查其引导词，或从句里的时态，或其主谓语的顺序。状语从句：可分为时间状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、方式状语从句、地点状语从句。（参考语法结构表54-56页）1.引导时间状语从句的连词有：when/ as/ while, before/ after, since, as soon as/ immedia

24、tely/ the moment/ directly/ no soonerthan/ hardlywhen, notuntil 等。I came in immediately you called me.Hardly had I come in when you called me.As time goes by, she goes nearer to her dreams.While mother was cooking, he was doing his homework.I will tell him after he turns up.Think twice before you ac

25、t.I have met him before.It has been 7 years since I came to gz.I will give him the money as soon as I see him.注意：While +动词ing；现在完成时+since+一般过去时,No sooner/hardly+ had +主语+done, than /when+主语+did.其他时间状语从句，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。2.引导让步（转折）状语从句的连词：although/though, no matter how+形容词，no matter +疑问词，even if/though,

26、 while, but, as.Although he is young, he knows a lot more than others.Young as/though he is, he knows a lot more than others.He is young, but he knows a lot more than others.I will try my best even if/ though I may fail.While we dont agree we continue to be friends.I will stick to the end no matter

27、how hard it is./ however hard it is.Dont lose heart no matter what/ whatever you do.3.引导原因状语从句的连词：Because, as, since, seeing that, now that , for.I was absent because/as/for I didnt catch the bus.Since you are tired, you can go home ahead of time.Seeing that the time is not abundant, we have to hurr

28、y up.Now that you dont want to say, then I wont force you to.4.引导条件状语从句的连词：If, unless, as/so long as, on condition thatDont come unless I telephone you.If you come here tomorrow, I will be very happy.We will survive as long as we are strong.He will help us on condition that we really need.5.引导 结果状语从

29、句的连词：so+形容词that , such +a+形容词+名词 thatI am so sleepy that I can hardly keep my eyes open.It was such a hot day that we all stayed inside.6.引导目的状语从句的连词：so that,in order thatHe got up early so that he could catch the bus.She did the homework carefully in order that she wouldnt make any mistakes.7.引导比较状

30、语从句的连词：as+形容词原形+as, not so/as+形容词原形+as, 形容词比较级+than+.Peter run as fast as Tom.Today is not so hot as yesterday.This house is twice as big as that one.This house is bigger than that one.This house is much/ a lot / far/ even/ a little/ a bit bigger than that one.The weather In GZ is hotter than that i

31、n SZ.8.引导方式状语从句的连词：like (prep.) +n., as (conj.)+clauseas像一样, as if/ as though好像/似乎.You must do it as the teacher requires.He spoke as if he knew what had happened.9.引导地点状语从句的连词：where, wherever, everywhere, anywhereIm not living where I was.Im not living in the place where I was.Wherever you are, you

32、 should not break the law.Everywhere I go, I have the same feelings. 定语从句：修饰名词的成分叫做定语，因此定语从句就是修饰名词的一个从句。（参照语法结构表56-58页）定语从句的形式：名词（先行词）+引导词+定语从句（从句主语+从句谓语）a book that I bought yesterdaythe place where we met the place the girl whose brother is a pilot The reason The reason 定语从句的引导词有：that/ which/ who/

33、 whom/ whose/ when/ where/ why/ as物体名词+that/which+定语从句表示人的名词+that/who(m)+定语从句时间名词+when+定语从句（引导词作状语）地点名词+where+定语从句（引导词作状语）The reason +why +定语从句（引导词作状语）1、当先行词是表示物的名词时，引导词可以用that/ which（作主语或宾语），用whose/ of which表示所属关系：The school which/that is famous here has a longhistory.The school (that/which) I stud

34、y at has a long history.I live in a room whose windows/ the windows of which face south.All that can be done has been done.2.当先行词是表示人的名词时，引导词可以用that/ who（作主语或宾语）/whom(作宾语)，用whose表示所属关系：Do you know the man who/that is singing now?He is the boy( who/whom/that) the teacher blamed.She is the girl whose

35、mother is a doctor.3.当引导词在定语从句中作表示时间、地点、原因的状语时，引导词用when/ where/ why,也可以用介词+which 的形式： 名词+介词+which+定语从句I still remember the day when/on which I first came here.对比：I still remember the day (that/which) we spent together.I still remember the day which/that was my birthday.This is the bridge where/on wh

36、ich you took photos.对比：This is the bridge that/which was built long time ago.This is the bridge （that/which） I like.Is the reason why/for which you refused to see me?对比：this This is the reason (that/which) he told me.This is the reason that/which is persuasive enough总结：定语从句的引导词，若在从句里作主语和宾语，只能用that/w

37、hich/who(m), 若表示所属关系，用whose,若引导词在从句里作状语，只能用when/where/why.所以，要判断用什么引导词，一是要看先行词，二是要看引导词在从句里是作什么成分。4.非限定性定语从句：His daughter, who is a teacher, is very beautiful.Peter drove quite fast, which was very dangerous.He made a lot of mistakes, which made me very angry.As is known to all, China is a large coun

38、try.As was said in his speech, he was a responsible person.It is known to all_ china is a large country.What is known to all is_that china is a large country.名词性从句：包括主语从句，宾语从句，同位语从句，表语从句（参照语法结构表58-61页）.名词性从句的引导词有：that（无意义，不担任从句任何成分）, whether/if（是否，不担任从句任何成分）, what（什么/的事）, who(m)（谁/的人）, which（哪一个）, w

39、hose（谁的）, when（什么时候/的时间）, where（在哪里/的地方）, why（为什么/的原因）, how（怎么样）, how（多么）+形容词.1.主语从句：放在句首，或以形式主语 It的形式出现：That I was right is clear./ It is clear that I was right.Whether he will come (or not) has not decided yet.Who is coming to the party is unknown.What he said is true.Which team will win is hard t

40、o say.When we will have the discussion depends on the teacher.Where we will meet will be decided by you.How she got the prize is still a secret.How hard the work is can not be understood by others.Why Tom was late still remains a puzzle.2. 宾语从句：放在谓语动词或介词后面：She said (that) she would return the book s

41、oon.I wonder whether/if she will turn up at the party.I cannot think out who/whom you were talking to.I know whose brother he is.Do you know which team lost the match?Tell me what you have been doing.You have to make sure of when you want to start off.He wants to know where her house is.I wonder how

42、 he got so much money.Please tell me how happy she was when she heard the news.I cannot figure out why he broke the prison3.表语从句：放在Be动词或系动词look后面：The fact is that we should accept the conditions.The question is whether he will come or not.He looks as if he knew nothing about it.Thats what I want to

43、say.Thats why he cried.4.同位语从句：抽象名词（news, fact, belief, idea, suggestion,information等）+that +从句.同位语从句就是用来解释说明前面那个抽象名词的内容的：Everybody knows the fact that he is a studious student.The news that he passed the exam made him excited.His suggestion that we (should) hold the meeting next week is acceptable.

44、定语从句专项训练 1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _from east to west. Those _run from north to south are called avenues. A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case _hes had all his money stolen.A. when B. whereC. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit

45、 to Beijing this autumn, _we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A. where B. whenC. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _. A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him to C. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks

46、 himI need a knife to cut the cake with .I need someone to speak to.Nobody is fond of being laughed at.5.How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _the telephonenumber is provided. A. which B. in whichC. of which D. whose6. Octobe

47、r 15 th is my birthday, _I will never forget.A. when B. thatC. what D. which7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _he can walk correctly and safely. A. when B. whereC. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in China _a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied. A. which B. whereC. when D. what9. I hope that the little _I have been able to do does good to them all. A. which B. whatC. that D. when10. The time is not far