08概要写作-2021年上海市高三英语一模专项汇编

1、08-2021年上海市高三英语一模真题专项训练之概要写作 Directions:Read the following passage Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words Use your own words as far as possible 2021黃浦一模Singapores Information Technology StrategySingapores information technology strategy rests on two maj

2、or legs The first leg is world-class basic facilities.Being a city-state, it is relatively easy to connect every home.office and hotel room Our objective is to provide broad-band everywhere, either wired or wireless. We will make it a readily available utility like water, electricity, gas and teleph

3、one We are well on our way there We now require, by regulation,every new home to be equipped with broad-band in the same way as it is required to have water and electricityThe second leg is the education of our entire population in IT(information technology). Like reading, writing and arithmetic,com

4、puters are best learned when we are yoiing/Todays children can click the mouse faster than we can blink In many countries, children of middle-class families have no difficulty with this new technology. But, without special effort,there is a danger that children of poorer families will miss out on th

5、e opportunity to learn IT. Like the piano and violin, one can still learn the computer as an adult But rarely does one acquire the same facility. The Strategy in Singapore is therefore to teach information technology to every child regardless of his family background The Education Ministry now has a

6、 multi-billion dollar program to provide one computer for every 2 schoolchildren in Singapore from first grade onwards Every teacher will have a notebookMost Singaporeans now understand the importance of IT, if not for themselves, at least for their children and grandchildren. Over 40% of households

7、 in Singapore now own PCs Over one-third of households in Singapore already enjoy access to Internet. What we want is for every Singaporean to be computer literate so that he can function effectively in any bank, factory or restaurant, just as one would expect an employee to be able to read, write a

8、nd count. An employer in Singapore in the future should not have to worry that his employee does not know how to use a computer or the Internet.答案Singapores information technology strategy depends on two major ways.One is to construct world-class basic facilities by providing broad-band everywhere T

9、he other is to teach each child information technology whatever his family background isproviding computers to students and teachers.The strategy has aroused the recognition of most Singaporeans and the employers will hopefully have computer literate employees. (58 words)2021崇明一模Train Your BrainWhen

10、 was the last time something important slipped your mind? Fortunately, memory can be improved. Peoples ability to remember has less to do with natural talent than it does with training and practiceWhen students want to prepare for a test, they often try to study by simply reading over the material a

11、gain, copying notes, etc. But these methods of remembering are not always effective People remember more when they actively engage with the material they are learning rather than passively receiving it. One great way to do this is to test yourself on the material. Come up with questions about the to

12、pic, and try to answer them without looking at your notes It also helps to try to engage with the material in different ways For example, you could write your own outline or study guide The more you use the information, the more likely you are to remember it.My music instructor said that ifs better

13、to practice for five minutes a day, seven days a week, than for two hours on one day. The same goes for remembering information. The more you spread out the time you spend reviewing information, the more likely you are to remember it.A psychologist, Hermann Ebbinghaus, made an important discovery ab

14、out memory and forgetting He found that people tend to forget information in a regular pattern. They forget the most information shortly after learning it. The rate at which they forget then slows down over time. Every time the person reviews the information, it causes them to forget less of itwhich

15、 means they remember more So it is essential to review things you want to remember shortly after learning them. Over time, you can review them less and less frequently Applying these strategies will help improve your memory so that you can access everything you learn whenever you need it.答案Your memo

16、ry can improve if properly trained and practiced Firstly, instead of receiving what you learn passively, use it actively and frequently in various ways, which helps you remember it better. Secondly, spend less time reviewing it each time but more frequently. Lastly, review it soon after the learning

17、(49 words)2021宝山一模Beyond IdentityWe often think of ourselves as our body, mind, and emotions. We take these three elements and make a combination. However、we also often talk about a persons soul. Is there any scientific basis for the soul? Surprisingly, there is. Each unique personality a person has

18、 (even in circumstances of memory loss and other illnesses), the feeling and identity of the self beyond age (especially experienced as we grow older), and our inevitable subjective experience as an individual consist of a scientific foundation for the soul.Despite the constant shift in the links be

19、tween our brain cells, we remain essentially the same personality This consistency is most obvious in the case of mentally ill patients or people who have experienced memory loss. According to Scientific American: Basically, no matter what happens to our brain, our unique personality seems to shine

20、throughBesides oilers personality, the soul of a person can be identified through ones consciousness. Though we commonly identify with our body and what we see in the mirror, we also have a sense that we are not a certain ageas our sense of self usually leans less on age and ndher on our subjective

21、feeling of who we are essentiallyLastly, each person is inevitably subjective about his or her experience Despite humans being very, very similar to each other in DNA and overall composition, our understanding of reality is vastly different from individual to individual. According to Psychology Toda

22、y, While science has made tremendous progress explaining the functioning of the brain, why we have a subjective experience remains mysterious. The problem of the soul lies exactly here, ill understanding the nature of the self the “I” in existence that feels and lives 丘传The soul of a person is incre

23、dibly challenging to prove scientifically However, we can say that the soul has some basis in science. These realities of our behavior, character, and the way you notice things might not be tested strictly, but they are very difficult to deny.答案The personality, the feeling and identity of the self,

24、and subjective experience comprise a scientific basis for the soul of a person. Whatever happens to the brain, the personality seems to exist. The soul can also be recognized mainly through the sense of the self and their own understanding of the nature. There is no reason to deny it scientifically（

25、60 words）2021徐汇一模Things to Do After You StudyMany students study with little thought about what comes after their study session. But what you do after studying could have an effect on how well you learn and remember new information. Today on Education Tips, we will explore two no-cost ways that can

26、help you improve your learning: wakeful rest and sleepWhen many students finish studying, they often go straight to another activity. But research suggests that resting after you study may help you remember what you studied. The basic idea is this: by reducing your activity after the study session,

27、your brain gets a chance to rest. Resting is difficult when you have too much stimulation from electronic devices, games, lights and so on.While this might sound unusual to you, many studies have explored the benefits of resting after learningwhat is called uwakefxil rest.n A 2019 study found that b

28、oth young and older adults were able to better remember, or recollect, information from prose passages after doing wakeful rest. The findings appeared in Neuroscience Letters This study involved 45 younger people and 40 elderly adults.” Wakefill resting led to higher overall recollection in both age

29、 groups,” the researchers noted. If you want to givewakehil resf5 a try、here are a few simple things to do. Rest quietly for five to ten minutes. Do not look at your phone, read stories or play games Just limit the amount of stimulation you get. It is really that easy!In addition to wakeful rest, sl

30、eep is also important for learning. The Division of Sleep Medicine at Harvard Medical School notes that sleep helps people to learn in two ways A report on the schools website explains that “a sleep-deprived person cannot focus attention optimally and therefore cannot leam efficiently?5 It also says

31、, usleep itself lias a role in the consolidation of memory, wliich is essential for leaniiiig new iiifonnation. Robert Stickgold, a doctor and sleep expert at Harvard Medical School, noted that new memories can be hard to keep“Wien we first fonn memories, theyfre ill a very raw and fragile fonii/9 h

32、e said. Sleep is important for forming memories.Now you have two suggestions for how to learn new information. Try to get some uwakefiil restn after a study session. Then tiy to get a good nights sleep Thafs a simple way to help you remember what you learn答案There are two no-cost ways to help you imp

33、rove your learning: wakeful rest and sleep Resting after you study may help you remember what you studied By reducing your activity after the study session, your brain gets a chance to rest. In addition, sleep is also important for learning and forming memories.2021青浦一模Changing Times Bring New Stand

34、ardsThe Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, have long been one of 什w film industrys most famous awards However, despite its 92-year history, the awards show has come under fire in recent years for not recognizing enough multicultural performers and directorsIn response to this lack of rep

35、resentation, the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, the group that oversees the Oscars, has announced new diversity （多样性） requirements for future films to be submitted to the Best Picture category in 2024.They require nominees （提名者）to meet at least two out of four sets of standard

36、s, aiming to increase inclusion for underrepresented groupspeople of color, women and people with disabilitiesboth on and off-screen.These standards include a minimum requirement for underrepresented groups at the executive levelFour years ago, OscarsSoWhite quickly drew attention, highlighting the

37、absence of minority representation among previous nominees. It also pointed out that the voting committee has been largely white and male for decades, noted The New York Times.Ever since, the Academy has looked to increase its diversity by promising to double female and minority members in 2016 For

38、example, the South-Korean film Parasite （奇生 虫）,which features an all-Asian cast, won four Oscars at the 2020 Academy AwardsHowever, the latest move has its doubters. Some have said that the awards body should be focusing on awarding what they consider to be the best film, rather than limiting what c

39、an be nominated, noted Forbes. Richard Grenell, the current US ambassador to Germany, also criticized the move, saying that Its no longer the Best Picture, it*s the Most Politically Correct Picture.nOthers, though, have praised the initiative. Culture critic Sonny Bunch wrote that, The academy is fi

40、nallyfinally! oing something to ensure that underrepresented groups have a shot/1Arguably, The New York Times said it best. While it noted that the requirements were easy for most studios to satisfy*, the initiative will show voters the extent to which diversity standards were met.答案Recently Oscars

41、have been blamed for not representing enough minorities, like people of color. To make up for the lack of diversity, the governing body of Oscars has issued new criteria intending to include more underrepresented people Doubters argue Oscars shouldnt focus on political correctness but quality of fil

42、ms, while advocates think the initiative will give minorities more opportunities(59 words)2021普陀一模How to Protect Your Personal Privacy Online?Cyber crimes are now pail of todays digital era. affecting peopled lives professionally as well as personally. It is annoying but true that you do not actuall

43、y have absolute control over who might be watching you online. More than ever, government agencies have focused on fighting against illegal surveillance (监 控)programs, raising concerns about protecting online privacy Here are some suggestions for you to follow.Evaluating your online activities is th

44、e most crucial task towards protecting your online privacy You need to assess what personal or private data you are storing or sharing on your computer/mobile devices or online platforms. It is important to identify the value of your information and analyze the risks such as: how safe is your data o

45、ffline or online? What happens if your personal data gets leaked? These are some basic questions so that you can take necessary steps to solve your online privacy issuesEverything you do comes out once you go online Your data is being misused by some advertisers and online marketers Some illegal pro

46、grams make your system threatened, invade your privacy and steal your confidential information So, installing genuine and latest anti-virus software is critically important to protect your devices from such threats. That is to use original or latest anti-vims software, browsers, etc. Also, stay up-t

47、o-date with the current tools, methods and technology. You can reduce the risks by becoming more educated on the leading tools, and methods available in the digital world. You should learn and follow the security rules and pay attention to the information you share on social networking sites.To prev

48、ent unauthorized access to your system, you should choose a strong password string that will never be easy for hackers to get. That is to enforce a strong password. And do not use one conmion password for multiple services because if one sendee is broken, you511 lose control of the others. Tony, a s

49、ecurity software maker, suggests that consumers should use different email addresses for different purposes so that hackers cannot match an email stolen from a website to one from a bank答案There are several ways for people to protect online privacy. First, evaluate online activities to make sure the

50、online infomiation is secure. Second, its better to use original antivirus software and browsers and keep up with the latest technology. Third, use a sufficiently secure password, and use different passwords and different email addresses for different purposes. (56 words)2021虹口一模Want to be a Smart G

51、ift Giver?During all kinds of holidays, millions of people will buy gifts for loved ones, which is great except that tons of those people will make the same glaring mistake, and buy the wrong gifts. Whafs going on?Gift buying lias become a deceh ingly selfish pursuit We dont actually look for things

52、 people want to receive Instead, we tend to look for things that we want to giv亡 It，s a subtle, but pretty significant problem.Research has shown that givers tend to value the gifts they buy considerably more than receivers Gifts are valued roughly 10 to 33 percent less by receivers than what givers

53、 paid for them. Joel Waldfogel noted this in Scroogenomics: Why You Shouldnt Buy Presents for the Holidays, his 2009 book on gift-givingThe difference seems to come from a simple misplaced belief that thoughtful presents are the best presents. They are not. In fact, they might just be the worst pres

54、ents. The more thought you put into a present, the more likely you are to stray from buying what the person you are buying the presents for actually wants.In other words, people let their gift-giving egos (自我)get in the way of great presents, especially when the receiver is someone they want to show

55、 they know really well. Fortunately, the answer to our collective insistence on guessing what people want is simple: stop it.If thats too impersonaL thereanother helpfxil rule of thumb （经验之i炎）.Instead of buying restrictive gifts, like gift cards for specific stores, buy gifts that allow for flexibil

56、ity, like gift cards that can be used more broadly （or, better yet, cash）. People tend to prefer gift cards to actual gifts, and cash to both, Stefiel explained. Stefiefs latest research, which focuses on gift card giving, points to exactly this point that versatility （用途广泛）is the key to better gift

57、 giving.答案Although many people buy gifts during holidays, some may choose the wrong gifts. They buy what they want to give instead of what recipients prefer. As research shows, recipients value / appreciate gifts far less than givers Actually, thoughtful presents turn out the worst ones Therefore, s

58、topping buying gifts or picking flexible ones, preferably cash, may work （55words）2021闵行一模Perhaps youve heard the old saying curiosity killed the cat. Ifs a phrase thafs often used to warn people, especially cliildien, not to ask too many questions. Yet its widely agieed that curiosity actually make

59、s learning more effective In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveriesand open up new possibilities. In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits For example, one day in 1831, Michael