高中阶段所有从句课件

1、welcome to our class句子结构句子结构 按句子的结构划分，句子分为简单句、按句子的结构划分，句子分为简单句、 并列句、复合句三种。并列句、复合句三种。一、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）一、简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语），句子各个成和一个谓语（或并列谓语），句子各个成分都是由单词或短语表示，这样的句子称分都是由单词或短语表示，这样的句子称为简单句。简单一般分为以下五类：为简单句。简单一般分为以下五类： s+v：the sun rises in the east. s+v+o：my brother bought a new cellphone.so

2、me students are interested in music and others are fond of playing football.she not only dances well but also sings well.everyone likes a person with good manners, but no one likes a person with bad manners.i was about to leave when it began to rain.三、复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成三、复合句：由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子叫复合句。

3、主句是复合句的主干部分，的句子叫复合句。主句是复合句的主干部分，从句在主句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同从句在主句中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等。位语、定语、状语等。what he did made his mother angry.parents shouldnt give their children whatever they want.this is because you are too careless.check all your answers before you turn in your papers.a doctor is a person who lo

4、oks after peoples health.定语从句定语从句定义：担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。定义：担任定语功能的句子称为定语从句。 定语从句的作用相当于形容词，又称为形定语从句的作用相当于形容词，又称为形 容词性从句。定语从句用来修饰名词、代容词性从句。定语从句用来修饰名词、代 词或整个主句。词或整个主句。 he who doesnt reach the great wall is not true man. miss green is a strict but kind teacher who always cares for every student. football is

5、 played in over 80 countries, which makes it popular.they planted the trees which didnt need much water.the fish (which) we bought were not fresh.3 . 先行词既可以指人也可以指物，关系代词在定先行词既可以指人也可以指物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用语从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用that, 作宾作宾语是可省略。语是可省略。a plane is a machine that can fly.the girl (that) we saw

6、 yesterday is jims sister.hes changed. hes not the man that he was before.4 . whose 的意义相当于所有格，在定语从句中的意义相当于所有格，在定语从句中作定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。作定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。指物时可与指物时可与 of which 互换，互换，“名词名词+of which” .harry is the boy whose mother is our teacher.the house whose windows face east is mr. smiths.the house the

7、windows of which faces east is mr. smiths.关系副词的选择和作用关系副词的选择和作用1. 当先行词是一个表示时间的名词，且从当先行词是一个表示时间的名词，且从句中缺少时间状语时，选择关系副词句中缺少时间状语时，选择关系副词when。 i still remember the day when i first came to beijing.比较：比较：i still remember the day that/which we spent together.2. 当先行词是一个表示地点的名词，且从句当先行词是一个表示地点的名词，且从句中缺少地点状语时，选

8、择关系副词中缺少地点状语时，选择关系副词where。this is the house where we lived last year.比较：比较：this is the place that/which i once visited.3 . 当先行词是当先行词是the reason (s) ，且从句中缺从句中缺少原因状语时，选择关系副词少原因状语时，选择关系副词 why。this is the reason why he was killed.比较：比较：this reason that/which he gave us was unacceptable.介词介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关

9、系代词引导的定语从句“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”也可以在从句中充当时间、地也可以在从句中充当时间、地点、原因等状语。介词选择遵循三个原则：点、原因等状语。介词选择遵循三个原则：1. 根据先行词的搭配习惯根据先行词的搭配习惯 the day on which i joined the army. i still remember the year in which i stayed here.2 . 根据从句中谓语动词的搭配根据从句中谓语动词的搭配 on which i spent 5 yuan. this is the book for which i paid 5 yuan. from w

10、hich i learnt a lot.3 . 根据所表达的意义根据所表达的意义the wall on which there is a map faces east.the wall in which there is a window faces east.as 和 which1. as 和和 which 都可以引导非限制性定语都可以引导非限制性定语从句，在定义从句中作主语或宾语，指从句，在定义从句中作主语或宾语，指代前面整个句子。代前面整个句子。区别：区别： as 引导的非限制性定语从句，可引导的非限制性定语从句，可放放 在主句之前、之后，也可以放在中间；在主句之前、之后，也可以放在中间

11、；which 引导的非限制性定语从句，只能引导的非限制性定语从句，只能放在主句之后。放在主句之后。 as 有正如，正像的有正如，正像的含义含义，而而 which 没有没有。 shakespeare is a famous playwright, as we know. as we know, shakespeare is a famous playwright. shakespeare, as we know, is a famous playwright. his mother is an engineer, which makes him proud.2 . 若先行词被若先行词被 such

12、 或或 the same所修饰所修饰，关系代词用 as 。 he is such a kind man as we all like. this is the same watch as i lost. 只能用只能用 that 的情况的情况1. 当先行词是当先行词是 all, much, little, any, few, something, anything, everything, none, nothing, the one等不定代词时等不定代词时 is there anything that i can do for you?2. 当先行词被当先行词被 the only, the v

13、ery, the last修饰修饰时时 i was the only person in my office that was invited.3. 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时 this is the best book that i have read. the first lesson that i learned will never be forgotten. 4. 先行词既有人又有物时先行词既有人又有物时 they talked about the things and persons that they remembered. 5. 当

14、主句是以当主句是以 who 或或 which 开头的特殊开头的特殊疑问句时疑问句时 who is the boy that is standing over there?不能用不能用 that 的情况：的情况：1. 在非限制性定语从句中在非限制性定语从句中 dinner starts with a small dish, which is called a starter.2. 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时：词位于关系代词前时： im looking for a container in which i can put all these pe

15、aches.定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复形式与先行词保从句中谓语动词的单复形式与先行词保持一致。持一致。 mr. smith, who is now downstairs, is asking to see you. the smiths, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you.2. one of + 复数名词复数名词 + 关系代词关系代词 + 谓语动谓语动词复数形式；词复数形式；the (only) one of +复数名复数名词

16、词 + 关系代词关系代词 +谓语动词单数形式谓语动词单数形式 he is one of the students who work hard. he is the (only) one of the students who goes abroad. 在定语从句中，被关系词代替的部分不可在定语从句中，被关系词代替的部分不可在从句中重复出现在从句中重复出现。 this is the right book that you are looking for it.（） 当先行词是当先行词是 way 表示方式、方法时，关系表示方式、方法时，关系词可用词可用 in which、that 或省略。或省略。

17、 this is the way in which/(that) i study english. 当先行词当先行词 situation, point, degree等作先等作先行词表示抽象的地点，其后常由行词表示抽象的地点，其后常由 where 引引导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语。导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语。 can you think out a situation where this word can be used? her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. is this scho

18、ol _ we visited? this school is the one that we visited. is this the school _ we visited? this is the school that we visited. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1. 在句子功能方面，非限制性定语从句对先在句子功能方面，非限制性定语从句对先行词仅仅起一种信息补充或解释说明作用。行词仅仅起一种信息补充或解释说明作用。没有定语从句主句的意思也非常清楚。而没有定语从句主句的意思也非常清楚。而限制性定语从句则是主句不可缺少的，它限制性定语从句则是主句

19、不可缺少的，它对先行词起着限制、修饰作用。否则，指对先行词起着限制、修饰作用。否则，指代不清。代不清。 a doctor is a person who looks after the patients. lijiang, where i was born, is very beautiful.2. 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是名在非限制性定语从句中，先行词可以是名词、代词或者一个句子，而限制性定语从词、代词或者一个句子，而限制性定语从句中，先行词一般是名词或代词。句中，先行词一般是名词或代词。 the earth goes round the sun, which is true. s

20、he has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.3. 在语言形式上，非限制性定语从句的引导在语言形式上，非限制性定语从句的引导 词前有逗号将其与主句分开；而限制性定词前有逗号将其与主句分开；而限制性定语从句则没有语从句则没有。4. 在句子结构上，非限制性定语从句中作宾在句子结构上，非限制性定语从句中作宾语时，关系词不可省略；而在限制性定语语时，关系词不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中可以省略。从句中可以省略。 the novel (which) i have read three times is very moving. this

21、novel, which i have read three times, is very moving.5. 在关系词上，非限制性定语从句中不用在关系词上，非限制性定语从句中不用 that (指人时用指人时用 who /whom, 指物用指物用 which),关系副词则用关系副词则用 when, where, for which6. 非限制性定语从句一般翻译成并列句或状非限制性定语从句一般翻译成并列句或状语从句，而限制性定语从句则翻译为定语。语从句，而限制性定语从句则翻译为定语。1. all the neighbors admire this family， _the parents are

22、 treating their child like a friend . a. why b. where c. which d. that2. the news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper. a. which b. whether c. what d. that 3. the road conditions there turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. a. it b. what c.

23、 which d. that bdc4. the companies are working together to create _ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. a. which b. that c. what d. who5. the science museum, _we visited during a recent trip to britain, is one of londons tourist attractions. a. which b. what c. that d.

24、 where 6. look out! dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair. a. whose b. which c. of which d. thatcaa7. do you have anything to say for yourselves? yes, theres one point _we must insist on. a. why b. where c. how d. 8. if a shop has chairs _women can park their men, women will spend m

25、ore time in the shop. a. that b. which c. when d. where9. i was given three books on cooking, the first _ i really enjoyed. a. of that b. of which c. that d. which10. jim passed the driving test, _surprised everybody in the office. a. which b. that c. this d. itddba11. _ is reported in the newspaper

26、s, talks between the two countries are making progress. a. it b. as c. that d. what12.he was educated at a local grammar school, _he went on to cambridge. a. from which b. after that c. after which d. from this13. her sister has become a lawyer, _she wanted to be. a. who b. that c. what d. whichbcd

27、单句改错单句改错:1.i also enjoy the evening when we spent together. _2.i live in beijing, where is the capital of china. _3.this is one of the best books that has been published so far. _4.she is the only one of the students who were praised. _5.i will give your sister a model plane which she will like to p

28、lay. _ 6.it is the most exciting football match which i have seen. _ 7.which we know, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unless air holds them back. _ 8.he doesnt have such a mind that is necessary to a scientist. _ 9.the radio which i bought it last week has gone wrong. _ 10.on

29、the wall hung a picture, which color is blue. _14. what surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. a. the way b. in the way that c. in the way d. the way which15. why does she always ask you for help? there is no one else _ , is there? a. who to turn to b. she can turn to c. for whom turn d

30、. for her to turn16. by using your eyes you can tell the direction _ light comes. a. in which b. from which c. with which d. on whichaba17. can you tell me the name of the shop _ you paid a visit last week? a. what b. which c. to which d. to that18. i, who _ your friend, will try my best to help you

31、. a. be b. am c. are d. is19. the last question _ can be used by you. a. which he asked b. that he was asked it c. he asked d. he asked itcbc20. have you ever asked him the reason _ may explain his absence? a. why b. when c. that d. what21. the box, _ color is red and white, is for putting old books

32、. a. which b. whose c. its d. that22. _ she could do was to go back home. a. all what b. all that c. all this d. all whichcbb 形容词性从句（定语从句）形容词性从句（定语从句） 主语从句主语从句 表语从句表语从句 复合句复合句 名词性从句名词性从句 宾语从句宾语从句 同位语从句同位语从句 副词性从句（状语从句）副词性从句（状语从句）主语从句主语从句 主语从句在复合句中做主句的主语。引导主主语从句在复合句中做主句的主语。引导主语从句的词有语从句的词有： 连词连词：that

33、whether; 连接代词连接代词：who what which; 连接副词连接副词：when where how why等 that he will come to the party excited us. whether you can succeed depends on yourself. who won the game is now known. what he said is right. when we shall meet again is unknown. that 一般置于句首，引导的是一个完整一般置于句首，引导的是一个完整 的陈述句的陈述句 that 在从句中无任何意

34、义，不作成分，在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略只起连接作用，但不可以省略 有时，为了平衡句子结构或为了表示强调，有时，为了平衡句子结构或为了表示强调，常用常用 it 作形式主语，把作形式主语，把 that 引导的主语从引导的主语从句放到后面。句放到后面。 常用的句式主要有常用的句式主要有：u it + be + 形容词形容词 + that从句从句 常用的形容词有常用的形容词有:likely, right , wrong, certain, necessary, important, natural, strange, obvious, clear等等 it is nec

35、essary that we (should) buy a chinese-english dictionary. it is likely that there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.在在“it is necessary /important/strange/natural +that从句从句”结构中，从句谓语动词常用结构中，从句谓语动词常用“should +动词原形动词原形”，should 也可省略。也可省略。uit + be + 名词名词 + that 从句从句 常用的名词有：常用的名词有：a pity, a shame, a fact, an hon

36、or, a wonder, no wonder, good news等等 it is a pity that you didnt attend the lecture. it is no wonder that you have achieved so much success.uit + be +动词动词-ed + that 从句从句 常用的动词常用的动词-ed 形式：形式：said, believed, hoped, reported, told, thought, advised, decided, suggested, ordered等等 it is said that the fam

37、ous writer will visit our school next week. it was suggested that each student (should) sing a song in english.在在“it is advised/decided/suggested/ordered + that从句从句”结构中，从句谓语动词常用结构中，从句谓语动词常用 “should +动词原形动词原形”，should 也可省略。也可省略。uit +特殊动词特殊动词+ that 从句从句 常用的动词有常用的动词有: happen, (doesnt) matter, occur, mak

38、e difference 等等 it happened that i knew how to deal with it. it doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not.表语从句表语从句 表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，放在系表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语，放在系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有动词之后。引导表语从句的词有： 连词：连词：that whether; 连接代词：连接代词：who what which; 连接副词：连接副词：when where how why 另外，另外，because, as if/though也可引导表语也可引导表语从句。从

39、句。 the reason why he was late was that he didnt get up on time. the question is whether he will come or not. changsha is not what it used to be. this is how we got out of trouble then. it looks as if it is going to rain. that在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略起连接作用，但不可以省略 当主语为当主语为advice, de

40、cision, demand, suggestion, order等表示要求、主张、建议、等表示要求、主张、建议、命令的词时，从句谓语动词为命令的词时，从句谓语动词为“should +动动词原形词原形”，should 可以省略。可以省略。 my advice is that you (should) stop smoking. 同位语从句同位语从句 同位语从句在句子中起同位语的作用。它一同位语从句在句子中起同位语的作用。它一般跟在某些名词（般跟在某些名词（ fact, idea, news, promise 等）的后面等）的后面，用以说明或解释前面用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的有连

41、词的名词。引导同位语从句的有连词that,少数少数情况也用情况也用whether, how, when, where, why等。等。 the news that they won the match is true. the student asked me the question whether the book was worth reading. that在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只在从句中无任何意义，不作成分，只起连接作用，但不可以省略起连接作用，但不可以省略. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：同位语从句与定语从句的区别： the news that they won the ga

42、me is true. the news （that ）you told us is true. a.从意义上讲，前者对名词加以解释说明，从意义上讲，前者对名词加以解释说明，后者对名词进行修饰后者对名词进行修饰、限定。限定。 b.从结构上讲，前者由连词从结构上讲，前者由连词that引导，不作引导，不作成分，不可省略，后者由关系词引导，代替成分，不可省略，后者由关系词引导，代替先行词在从句中作某个成分，作宾语时可省先行词在从句中作某个成分，作宾语时可省略。略。 填入适当的引导词填入适当的引导词 1._ he wants is a book 2._ he wants to go there is

43、obvious.3.is _ he told us true ?4.it has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illness in later life. 5._ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 6._ matters most in learning english is enough practice.7. it is none of your business _ other

44、 people think about you. believe yourself. 8._parents say and do has a life-long effect on their children. 9._ he will come here on wednesday is not certain.10._ he came here is not known.11._he will go or not is not clear.12._ will take part in the physics contest will be announced this afternoon.1

45、.(08北京卷北京卷) the companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. a. which b. that c. what d. who2.(08上海春卷上海春卷) the news _ our athletes won another gold medal was reported in yesterdays newspaper a. which b. whether c. what d. that 3.(08上海春卷上

46、海春卷) _ we are sure about is the need to prevent children from being spoiled a. what b. which c. whether d. that 4.(08上海卷上海卷) as his best friend, i can make accurate guesses about _ he will do or think. a. what b. which c. whom d. that5.(08上海卷上海卷) it has been proved _ eating vegetables in childhood h

47、elps to protect you against serious illness in later life. a. if b. because c. when d. that 6.(08天津卷天津卷)the last time we had great fun was _ we were visiting the water park. a. where b. how c. when d. why 7.(08重庆卷重庆卷)people in chongqing are proud of_ they have achieved in the past ten years. a. that

48、 b. which c. what d. how8.(08安徽卷安徽卷) students are always interested in finding out _they can go with a new teacher. a. how far b. how soon c. how often d. how long9.(08浙江卷浙江卷) _wants to stay in a hotel has to pay their own way. a.anyone b.the one c.whoever d. who10.(08浙江卷浙江卷) some children want to c

49、hallenge themselves by learning a language different from _ their parents speak at home. a. what b. that c. which d. one11.(08湖南卷湖南卷)when asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. a. what b. why c. whom d. which12.(08陕西卷陕西卷) tomorrow is toms birthday. have you

50、got any idea the party is to be held? a. what b. which c. that d. where13.(08福建卷福建卷) _ is known to us all is that the 2008 olympic games will take place in beijing. a. it b. what c. as d. which14.(08山东卷山东卷) _ was most important to her, she told me, was her family. a. it b. this c. what d. as1._ matt

51、ers most in learning english is enough practice. 2007 全国卷全国卷iia. what b. why c. where d. which 2. _ he referred to in his article was unknown to the general reader. 2007 上海卷上海卷 a. that b. whatc. whether d. where3. the traditional view is _ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.

52、 2007 上海卷上海卷 a. when b. whyc. whether d. that4. could i speak to is in charge of international sales ,please? 2007 山东卷山东卷 aanyone bsomeone cwhoever dno matter who 5. you can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _ you might get in the future. 2007 安徽卷安徽卷 a. that; what

53、 b. what; / c. which; that d. /; that6. wheres that report? i brought it to you _you were in mr. blacks office yesterday. 2007 北京卷北京卷 a. if b. when c. because d. before7. it is none of your business other people think about you. believe yourself. 2007 福建卷福建卷 a. how b. what c. which d. when8. having

54、checked the doors were closed , and _ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom. 2007 湖南卷湖南卷 a. why b. that c. when d. where 9. choosing the right dictionary depends on _ you want to use it for. 2007 江江苏卷苏卷 a. what b. whyc. how d. whether10. parents say and do has a life-long e

55、ffect on their children. 2007 陕西卷陕西卷 a.that b.which c.what d.as11. by improving reading skills, you can read faster and understand more of you read2007 上海春上海春athatbwhat cwhich d. whether1. (安徽安徽06) great changes have taken place in that school. it is no longer _ it was 20 years ago, _ it was so poorly equipped. a. what; when