初中形容词副词

1、观察下面的单词：short tall beautiful thin kind big bright earnest gentle long small sunny hard-working honest generous careful careless efficient 一）形容词的用法1. 形容词可以作定语。一般词序为“冠词（或其他限定词）+ 形容词+名词” This is a difficult question.这是一个困难的问题。（difficult 是形容词，做定语，修饰名词question） There are some beautiful flowers in the gar

2、den.花园里有一些美丽的花。（beautiful 是形容词，做定语，修饰名词flowers）2. 形容词可以作表语。通常用在be , keep, get, become, turn, stay, seem, look, taste, sound, feel, smell, appear等连系动词之后作表语。例如： I think this story is very interesting.我认为这个故事很有趣。（interesting做表语） He looks sad.他看上去很悲伤。（sad 做表语） We should keep healthy. 我们应该保持健康。(healthy 做

3、表语) This piece of music sounds very beautiful.这首音乐听起来很优美。（beautiful做表语）3. 形容词可以作宾语补足语 Rainy days make me sad.下雨的日子使我忧愁。 （sad 做宾语me 的补足语） The boy kept the door closed.那个男孩一直把门关着。 （closed 做宾语the door 的补足语）4. 大多数形容词既可做表语又可做定语，但少数形容词只能作表语，不能作定语。如：ill(病的)，alone (孤独的)，asleep(睡着的)，afraid(害怕的)，awake(醒着的)，al

4、ive(活着的)，well(健康的)等，它们也没有比较级的变化。例如：只能说a lonely man (一个孤独的人)，不能说an alone man; 只能说a sick man (一个病人)，不能说an ill man; 只能说a sleeping boy (一个睡着的男孩)，不能说an asleep boy.5. 有些形容词前加定冠词the 变成名词表示一类人，常用作复数。这样的词有：young/old ; poor/rich; healthy/sick; good/bad; black/white; living/dead; blind/deaf.例如： We should speak

5、 to the old politely. The poor should be taken good care of.三、精讲释疑 1.形容词通常放在它所修饰的名词的前面。如：a big room; some tall trees等。 2.与不定代词something, anything, nothing, everything等连用时，形容词后置，放在这些词之后。例如：1) I have something important to tell you. 我有重要的事情要告诉你们。2) Is there anything interesting in todays newspaper? 今天

6、的报纸上有什么有趣的内容吗？3) There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it.世上无难事，只怕有心人。4) Please tell me everything new about your hometown.请告诉我有关你们家乡的一切新事情。 3.与表示度量、空间的词语连用时，形容词要放在它所修饰的词语后面。如：1) He is sixty years old.他六十多岁了。2) This classroom is about 12 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3

7、meters high. 这间教室大约12米长，6米宽，3米高。4. 当名词前有多个形容词修饰时，一般按下列词序排列： 限定词（定冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词）-描述性的形容词（如：interesting, fine, beautiful, happy等）- 表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词（如：big/small, long/short/tall, high/low等）- 表示年龄、新旧的形容词（如：young, old, new等）- 表示颜色的形容词（如：white, black, yellow等）- 表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词（如：American, Fren

8、ch等）- 表示物质、材料的词（如：stone, plastic, silk, wooden等）注意：不论在书面语，还是口语中，作定语的形容词超过三个以上时，就会使句子显得很不自然。因此，上面所列的排列顺序，不可能同时出现在同一个名词短语中。例如： a white cotton shirt 一件白棉布衬衫 a new wooden bridge一座新木桥 that tall fat young man 那个高大粗壮的年轻人1. 形容词变比较级的规则变化：类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一般直接加-er, -estnew, tallnewer tallernewest tall

9、est不发音的e结尾时加r，stlate, finelater, finerlatest, finest辅音字母加y结尾时把y变i，再加-er，-esteasy, happyeasier, happiereasiest, happiest重读闭音节结尾并且只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加-er, -estthin, hotthinner, hotterthinnest, hottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more，mostpopular,importantmorepopular,moreimportantmostpopular,mostimportant2. 形容词变比

10、较级的不规则变化：有少数形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式是不规则的，因词而异，同学们需要单独记忆。例如：但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如excellent , wonderful, favorite等需要同学们特别留心。 原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远)further(进一步)farthest(最远)furthest(最大程度)oldolderelder(较年长的)oldesteldest(最年长的)三、精讲释疑1.形容词原级的用法： 表示双方

11、程度相同或不同时用形容词原级。用主语A+谓语（系动词）+as+形容词原形+as+对比成分B来表示“A和B一样”所比程度相同；用主语A+谓语（系动词）+not+as/so+形容词原形+as+对比成分B来表示“A不如B”所比程度不同。原级前通常用too, very, so, quite等词修饰。例如：1）Your bike is as new as mine. 你的自行车和我的一样新。 2）This story is not as/so interesting as that one. 这个故事没有那个有趣。3）It is very warm today. 今天很暖和。4）His English

12、is quite good. 他的英语相当好。2. 形容词的比较级用法：两者比较，用比较级表示，其中than 是比较级的标志。其基本句式为：主语+谓语（系动词）+形容词比较级+than +对比成分。比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。常见有：a little, much, a lot, still, even, some, any, far等。例如：1） My shirt is much cheaper than yours. 我的衬衫比你的便宜。2） Lesson 3 is very difficult, but Lesson 5 is even more difficult.第三课很难，

13、但是第五课更难。注意：在含有形容词的比较级句子中，对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复，我们常常用that, those来代替前面的词。例如：The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Guangdong.The windows of our classroom are cleaner than those of theirs. 形容词的比较级还可用在某些句型中，如：比较级+and +比较级，（表示越来越）；the +比较级， the +比较级（表示越,越）。例如：1）He is growing taller and taller.他个子越来越高。 2

14、）China is becoming more and more beautiful now.中国现在正变得越来越美丽。3）The busier he is ,the happier he feels.他越忙，他越感到快乐。 3. 形容词的最高级用法： 三者或三者以上的比较，用最高级表示，其前面要加定冠词the 。它的标志一般是后跟一个of (in , among)构成的介词短语来说明比较的范围。其基本句式为：主语+谓语（系动词）+the +最高级+（名词）+表示范围的短语（in/of/among）例如：He is the tallest(student)in his class.注意：最高级

15、前可以有序数词来修饰。例如：Which is the first most useful invention? 哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明？ 句型one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数，表示“是最之一”。例如：Yao Ming is one of the most popular basketball stars in China.姚明是中国最受欢迎的球星之一。如果形容词最高级前有物主代词，指示代词，名词所有格时，则不必加定冠词the 。例如：Yesterday was my busiest day.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。4.使用形容词时须注意的几个问题1）某些动词的现在分词和过去分

16、词被用作形容词时，其现在分词所变化而生的形容词表示“令人”，而由过去分词变化而来的形容词表示“人的感受”。其比较级、最高级分别加more和 most。例如：She was very excited when she heard the exciting news.当她听到那个令人兴奋的消息时，她非常的激动。I am interested in the story, because it is very interesting.我对这个故事感兴趣，因为它非常有趣。 They were all very surprised at the surprising result.他们所有的人对那个令人吃

17、惊的结果感到非常的惊奇。3） 比较的对象要一致。若在同一范围比较时，必须把主体排除在被比较的对象之外，其表达句式为：比较级+than + any other +名词单数+同一范围。但在表达形容词最高级的比较句中，则一定要把主体包括在内。例如： He is taller than any other student in his class.他在他的班级中比任何其它一个学生都高。（同一范围内）China is larger than any other country in Asia.中国在亚洲比任何其它一个国家都大。（同一范围内）China is larger than any country

18、 in Africa.中国比非洲任何一个国家都大。（不在同一范围内） The girl is the tallest of all the sisters in her family. 这个女孩在她家所有的姐妹当中最高的。The Chang Jiang River is the longest of all the rivers in China.长江在中国所有的河流当中是最长的。1.副词在句子中修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。用来表示时间、地点、方式及程度。副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种：方式副词：well，fast，carefully，quickly，politely,

19、extremely等 程度副词：very，much，enough，almost，rather，quite等 地点副词：here，there，out，somewhere，abroad，home等 时间副词：today，early，soon，now，then，recently，still等 频度副词：always，often，usually，sometimes，seldom，never等 否定副词：no，not，neither，nor等 疑问副词：where，how，why，when(放在特殊疑问句前)关系副词：when, where, why(通常引导宾主从句)连接副词：how, when, w

20、here, why, whether(通常引导定语从句)2.副词的用法：1) 用作状语。通常修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。例如： he studies very hard.他学习非常用功。This pen is too expensive.这支钢笔非常昂贵。2) 用作表语。例如：Is she in? 她在家吗？ He was here a moment ago.他刚才在这儿。3) 用作定语。有时少数地点副词可以作定语放在所修饰词之后。例如：The two students there are from Australia.那儿的两个学生来自于澳大利亚。 Read the article

21、 below, and then answer the questions above.阅读下面的文章，然后回答上面的问题。4) 用作宾语补足语。例如：Let them in, please.请让他们进去。三、精讲释疑 副词的位置：1. 多数方式副词都可以放在动词的后面，如果动词后面有宾语，副词就放在宾语之后。例如：The train goes fast. 火车跑得飞快。2. 时间副词和地点副词在一个句中，地点副词通常在前，时间副词在后。例如：We went shopping in the supermarket at 10 a.m. last Sunday.3. Always , usual

22、ly, often, never, ever, sometimes等，放在行为动词之前，情态动词、助动词之后。例如：1) I always remember the day when I came to this school.我始终记得我来这所学校时的那一天。2） They can often go swimming in the lake nearby. 他们能经常去附近的河里游泳。4. 修饰形容词和副词的程度副词，一般放在被修饰的词之前。例如：he did it quite well.他做得相当好。Its so important that I must tell it to all m

23、y friends. 这个是如此地重要以致于我必须将它告诉我所有的朋友。5. 及物动词和副词（down, up, off, on, out, in, over等）组成的动词词组有名词作宾语时，名词可放在副词之前或之后，如有代词作宾语时，代词（宾格）一定要放在副词之前。例如：1）Would you please turn your radio down? Its too noisy.请你将收音机的声音调小好吗？声音太吵了。2）if you dont know the meaning of this word, please look it up in the dictionary .如果你不知道

24、这个单词的意思，请你在字典里查阅一下。注意：1.副词very可以修饰形容词、副词，但不能修饰动词。例如：1）this flower is very beautiful. 2） I like English very much. (但不能说：I very like English .)2. enough 作副词时，用在形容词、副词之后面；enough用作形容词时，放在名词前或后都可以。例如：1）he is strong enough to lift the heavy box. 他非常的强壮，能够把那个重盒子提起来。2) the man has got enough money(or: mone

25、y enough ) to buy a car.这个人有足够的钱买一辆小汽车。3. 频度副词的比例表：Always-100%,usually-80%,often-70%60%,sometimes,at times-30%40%，seldom, hardly ever-5%,never-0%1、 副词的比较等级构成。分别为原级、比较级和最高级。观察下表，注意总结规律。1）规则变化2）以-ly结尾的副词（early除外），在词的前面加more 或most。3）不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbetterbestbadlyworseworstlittlelessleastmuchmoremostf

26、arfartherfarthestfurtherfurthest三、精讲释疑 1.副词原级的用法： 表示比方程度相同或不同时用副词原级。用主语A+谓语（行为动词）+as+副词原形+as+对比成分B来表示“A和B一样”所比程度相同；用主语A+ do not (does not ) +谓语动词（行为动词）+ as/so+副词原形+as+对比成分B来表示“A不如B”所比程度不同。原级前通常用too, very, so, quite等词来修饰。例如：1）I study as hard as he 2) he doesnt work so hard as you.2. 副词的比较级的用法： 两者比较，用

27、比较级表示，其中than是比较级的标志。其基本句式为：主语+谓语（行为动词）+副词比较级 + than +对比成分，比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。常见有：a little, much, a lot, still, even, far等。例如：1） She dances far more beautifully than you (do). 她跳舞比你跳得优美得多。2） Kate runs even faster than Bill. 凯特跑得比尔还要快。3） Which do you like better, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡你更喜欢哪一个？注意：副词的比较级还可

28、用在某些句型中，如：比较级+and + 比较级（表示越来越）; the +比较级，the +比较级，（表示越,越）。例如：1）He is running faster and faster.他跑得越来越快。2）It began to snow more and more heavily.雪开始下的越来越大。3）The harder you study, the better you will learn English.你学习越努力，英语你就学得越好。3. 副词的最高级的用法：三者或三者以上的比较，用最高级表示，其前面可以省去定冠词the 。它的标志一般是跟一个of (in ,among)构成

29、的介词短语来说明比较的范围。其基本句式为：主语+谓语（行为动词）+ （the） +副词最高级+表示范围的短语（in/of/among）例如：Tom jumped （the）farthest of all the boys.汤姆在所有的男孩中跳的最远。二、讨论交流1.already与yet的区别already用于肯定句句中，表示“已经”;yet用于否定句句末，表示“还”，用于疑问句句末，表示“已经”例如，He had already left when I called.当我给他打电话时，他已经离开了。Have you found your ruler yet？你已经找到你的尺子了吗？I hav

30、ent finished my homework yet.我还没有完成作业。注意：already还可以表示惊奇，惊讶等语气，常用于疑问句句末例如：Has your son gone to school already？你的儿子已经上学了吗？(表示很惊讶)2 very，much和very much.的区别very用于修饰形容词或副词的原级；much用于修饰形容词或副词的比较级；修饰动词要用very much.例如，John is very honest.约翰非常诚实。This garden is much bigger than that one.这个花园比那个大的多。Thank you ver

31、y much.非常感谢你4.also，too，as well与either的区别also，as well，too，用于肯定句，also常用于be动词，情态动词，助动词之后，行为动词之前；as well，too用于句末；either用于否定句中，置于句末。例如，My father is a teacher. My mother is also a teacher.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher as well.=My father is a teacher. My mother is a teacher，too.我爸爸是一名老师，我

32、妈妈也是。I cant speak French. Jenny cant speak French，either.我不会说法语，詹妮也不会。一、 精讲释疑 so与such的区别so修饰形容词或副词;such修饰名词，例如，My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。He is such a boy.他是一个这样的孩子。so修饰的形容词后可以有一个单数的可数名词，其结构是“so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数”.such可以修饰可数名词单复数和不可数名词，名词前可以有形容词作定语，其结构是“such+a/an+形

33、容词+可数名词单数”，“such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词”，.例如，He is so clever a boy.=He is such a clever boy.他是一个如此聪明的孩子。It is such cold weather.这么冷的天气。(正)It is so cold weather.(误)They are such good students.他们是那么好的学生。(正)They are so good students. (误)如果可数名词复数前有many，few或不可数名词前有much，little修饰，用so不用such.例如，so many(如此多的)；so fe

34、w(如此少的)可以加可数名词复数so much(如此多的)；so little(如此少的)可以加不可数名词5.sometime，sometimes，some time与some times的区别sometime：某一时间，某一时刻，可指将来时，也可指过去时sometimes：有时，不时的some time：一段时间some times：几次，几倍.例如，Well have a test sometime next month.下个月的某一时间，我们要进行一次测试。Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not.有时我们很忙，有时不忙。He stay

35、ed in Beijing for some time last year.他去年在北京呆了一段时间。I have been to Beijing some times.我去过北京好几次。6.ago与before的区别ago表示以现在为起点的“以前”，常与一般过去时连用，不可以单独使用。before指过去或将来的某时刻“以前”，也可泛指以前，常和完成时连用，可以单独使用。例如，I saw him ten minutes ago.我十分钟之前看到的他。He told me that he had seen the film before.他告诉我他以前看过这场电影。7.now，just与just

36、 now的区别now：与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时连用，意为“现在”just：与现在完成时、过去完成时连用，表示“刚”just now：和过去时连用，表示“刚才”.例如，Where does he live now？他现在住哪里？We have just seen the film.我们刚看过这场电影。He was here just now.他刚才在这里。（一）考查形容词的用法. 单项选择( ) 1. What news it was! Yes, all of the children were very .A. surprising; surprised B. surprising

37、; surprising C. surprised; surprised D. surprised; surprising( ) 2. This kind of fruit looks . Yes, and it tastes even .A. well; good B. nice; better C. good; worse D. better; best( ) 3. He became when he heard the exciting news.A. angry B. angrily C. happy D. happily( ) 4. The ice in the lake is ab

38、out one meter . Its strong enough to skate on.A. long B. high C. thick D. wide. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。1. (年轻人) should be polite to (老人).2. Dont leave the door (开着的). Its too cold.3. The baby is (睡着的). Turn down the TV, please.4. Basketball is a kind of (受欢迎的) sport. Most people like it.5. He lives alone, b

39、ut he doesnt feel (孤独的).6. China is a (发展中的) country.（二）、考查形容词的位置. 根据汉语提示完成句子。1. 你还有别的事情要说吗？ Do you have to say?2. 老师有一些重要的事情要告诉我们。 The teacher has to tell us.3. 人口问题将会是一个大问题。 The population will be .4. 妈妈带着一个装满鸡蛋的篮子从超市回来了。 Mom came back from the supermarket with 。. 单项选择( ) 1. Toms father thinks he

40、is already . A. high enough B. tall enough C. enough high D. enough tall( ) 2. What things can you see in the picture, my friend? Nothing, I think.A. other B. else C. another D. others( ) 3. There is _ in todays newspaper. A. interesting something B. nothing interesting C. interesting anything D. an

41、ything interesting( ) 4. -Is Mrs. Brown badly ill? -No, _. Only a little cold. A. quite well B. nothing serious C. not worry D. anything serious( ) 5. Come here, I have_ to tell you. A. interesting something B. anything interesting C. nothing interesting D. something interesting( ) 6. Im not _ to li

42、ft the heavy box. A. short enough B. enough tall C. health enough D. strong enough( ) 7. The girl works hard _ to pass the exam. A. enough B. too C. still D. yet( ) 8. Do you want_A. else anything B. anything else C. other anything D. else something( ) 9. Have you seen _ in the room?A. anyone else B

43、. else anyone C. anyone other D. everyone else( ) 10. _ would like to go to the park with me?A. Whom else B. What else C. Who else D. Else who四、达标检测 . 单项选择( ) 1. She is careful as me, but Im than you.A. as; much careful B. as; much more carefulC. so; more careful D. so, very careful( ) 2. Tom has ma

44、de progress this term than before.A. little B. less C. fewer D. much( ) 3. Which is , the sun, the moon or the earth?A. big B. bigger C. the biggest D. the bigger( ) 4. My sister sings English songs of us all.A. badly B. worse C. more badly D. worst ( ) 5. Of the two girls, Lucy is one. I think you

45、can find her easily.A. tallest B. the taller C. taller D. the tallest. 根据括号内的汉语提示完成句子。1. This apple is (是的两倍大) that one.2. My hometown is getting (越来越漂亮).3. Shanghai is (最美丽的城市之一) in China.4. (越忙) he is, (越高兴) he feels.5. Now the air in our hometown is (好得多) than it was ten years ago.6. Tom is _ (ta

46、ll) than Jim.7. Li Lei is _(young) boy in his class.8.I think English is _ (interesting)than any other subject.9.David has _ (many)story books of all the students.10.Li Lei speaks English _ (well) in his group.11.Lucy runs _ (slow) than Lily.III.写出下列形容词副词的比较级最高级。1.young _ _ 2.nice _ _ 3.far _ _ 4.ea

47、rly _ _5.much _ _ 6.delicious _ _7.short_ _ 8. late _ _9. little _ _ 10.beautiful _ _ 11.fat _ _ 12. red _ _四、达标检测 . 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. “We must keep in the library,” the librarian said to me . (quiet)2. Please read the sentences . The you read, the fewer mistakes youll make. (careful)3. I didnt sle

48、ep last night, so now I feel very tired. (well)4. Mr. Smith was moved at the news. (deep)5. It snowed last night and now the streets are covered with snow. (heavy). 单项选择( ) 1. What a cough! You seem ill.A. terrible; terribly B. terribly; terrible C. terrible; terrible D. terribly; terribly( ) 2. If

49、you want to know the word , youd better look it up in the dictionary.A. hardly B. carefully C. mostly D. exactly( ) 3. Will you please speak to an old person?A. kind B. kindly C. bad D. badly ( ) 4. She always finishes her homework on time. She leaves it for tomorrow.A. always B. never C. usually D.

50、 sometimes( ) 5. Can you catch what I said? Sorry, I can understand it.A. almost B. hardly C. nearly D. hard( ) 6. is your sister now? She is much better.A. How B. What C. Where D. Who( )7. is Mike? I think he is at school.A. Who B. What C. Where D. How ( ) 8. have you been in China? For three month

51、s.A. How long B. How soon C. How far D. How often ( ) 9. Please dont eat ice cream. Its bad for your health.A. much too B. too much C. too many D. many too( )10. The computer is expensive that I cant afford it.A. so B. such C. very D. quite四、 达标检测 I. 单项选择( ) 1. I felt tired last night, so I went to bed than usual.A. early B. earlier C. late D. later( ) 2. The horse is getting old and cannot run it did.A. as faster as B. so fast than C. faster D. so fast as( ) 3. I believe that you work, result youll get.A. the harde