四级新题型选词填空及参考答案2

1、1.When we think of green buildings, we tend to think of new ones-the kind of high-tech, solar-paneled masterpieces that make the covers of architecture magazines. But the US has more than 100 million existing homes, and it would be 47 wasteful to tear them all down and 48 them with greener versions.

2、 An enormous amount of energy and resources went into the construction of those houses. And it would take an average of 65 years for the 49 carbon emissions from a new energy-efficient home to make up for the resources lost by destroying an old one. So in the broadest 50 , the greenest home is the o

3、ne that has already been built. But at the same time, nearly half of US carbon emissions come from heating, cooling and 51 our homes, offices and other buildings. You cant deal with climate change without dealing with existing building, says Richard Moe, the president of the National Trust.With some

4、 52 , the oldest homes tend to be the least energy-efficient. Houses built before 1939 use about 50% more energy per square foot than those built after 2000, mainly due to the tiny cracks and gaps that 53 over time and let in more outside air.Fortunately, there are a 54 number of relatively simple c

5、hanges that can green older homes, from 55 ones like Lincolns Cottage to your own postwar home. And efficiency upgrades (升级) can save more than just the earth; they can help 56 property owners from rising power costs.A) accommodationsB) clumsyC) doubtfullyD) exceptionsE) expandF) historicG) incredib

6、lyH) poweringI) protectJ) reducedK) replaceL) senseM) shiftedN) supplyingO) vast2.As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is _1_ for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department is interested in di

7、scussions with the employees about pay.If a firm wants to _2_ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a _3_ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be _4_, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade U

8、nions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in points, which are _5_ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used

9、to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their _6_ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without _7_ to an evaluation system based on points.In attempting to design a pay syst

10、em, the Personnel Department should _8_ the value of each job with these in the job market. _9_, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are o

11、ften chosen, for _10_ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.AcompareBresponsibleCusefulDaddedEfindFreferenceGindirectHmethodIsuccessfulJcombinedKNecessarilyLcapacityMabilityNBasicallyOadopt3.Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet th

12、ey love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian（百姓的） clothes. People have become conditioned to _3_ superior quality from a man who

13、wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to _6_ professional identity（身份

14、） than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of _8_ exp

15、erienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without _9_, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act _10_, on the job at least.AskillBpopularCgetDchangeEsimilarlyFprofes

16、sionalGcharacterHindividualityIinspireJdifferentlyKexpectLpracticalMrecallNloseOordinary4. As the pace of life continues to increase, we are fast losing the art of relaxation. But relaxation is _1_ for a healthy mind and body.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to _2_ it. I

17、n fact, it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of _3_ that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very m

18、uch on the individual. Some peoplw are not afraid of stress, and such _4_ are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of _5_ difficulties. When exposed to stress, in whatever form, we react both physically and _6_. In fact we make choice between

19、 flight or fight and in more _7_ days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme, but however little the stress, it involves the same _8_. It is when such a reaction lasts long, through continued _9_ to stress, that health becomes en

20、dangered. Since we cannot _10_ stress from our lives it would be unwise to do so even if we could, we need to find ways to deal with it.A)exposureB)charactersC)answerD)chemicallyE)avoidF)psychologicallyG)primitiveH)transferI)unusualJ)controlK)removeL)escapeM)responseN)backwardO)essential5.Video conf

21、erencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera. Through the video conferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and physical _1_ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of cours

22、e, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very _2_ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or the _3_ behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how video conferencing

23、 works. Good people communication is _4_ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your _5_ will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note _6_ expressions and gestures that let you kno

24、w what the other person is really thinking. Meetings are made more _7_ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot _8_._9_, organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing,

25、 the ability to _10_ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.A)fortunatelyB)effectiveC)imagesD)articulateE)facialF)manageG)decisionsH)connectI)advancedJ)integ

26、rateK)progressiveL)conceptsM）picturesN) increasinglyO) important6.The typical pre-industrial family not only had a good many children, but numerous other dependents as well-grandparents, uncles, aunts and cousins. Such extended families were suited for survival in slow paced _1_ societies. But such

27、families are hard to _2_. They are immobile. Industrialism demanded masses of workers ready and able to move off the land in pursuit of jobs, and to move again whenever necessary. Thus the extended family _3_ shed its excess weight and the so-called nuclear family emerged-a stripped-down, portable f

28、amily unit _4_ only of parents and a small set of children. This new style family, far more _5_ than the traditional extended family, became the standard model in all the industrial counties.Super-industrialism, however, the next stage of eco-technological development,_6_ even higher mobility. Thus

29、we may expect many among the people of the future to carry the streamlining process, a step further by remaining children, cutting the family down to its more _7_ components, a man and a woman. Two people, perhaps with matched careers, will prove more efficient at navigating through education and so

30、cial status, through job changes and geographic relocations, than tehordinarily child-cluttered family.A _8_ may be the postponement of children, rather than childlessness. Men and women today are often torn in _9_ between a commitment to career and a commitment to children. In the future, many _10_

31、 will sidestePthis problem by deferring the entire task of raising children until after retirement.A)transplantB)solutionC)gaduallyD)transportE)elementalF)conflictG)continuallyH)mobileI)couplesJ)agriculturalK)includingL)compromiseM)requiresN)primaryO)consisting7.Many a young person tells me he wants

32、 to be a writer. I always _1_ such people, but I also explain that theres a big difference between being a writer and writing. In most cases these individuals are dreaming of _2_ and fame, not the long hours alone at a typewriter. Youve got to want to write, I say to them, not want to be a writer. T

33、he reality is that writing is a _3_, private and poor-paying affair. For every writer kissed by fortune there are housands more whose longing is never _4_.When I left a 20-year career in the US, Coast Guard to become a freelance writer(自由撰稿人), I had no _5_ at all. What I did have was a friend who fo

34、und me my room in a New York apartment building. It didnt even matter that it was _6_and had no bathroom. I immediately bought a used manual typewriter and felt like a _7_ writer. After a year or so, however, I still hadnt gotten a break and began to _8_ myself. It was so hard to sell a story that _

35、9_ made enough to eat. But I knew I wanted to write. I had dreamed about it for years. I wasnt going to be one of those people who die wondering, what if? I would keeo putting my dream to the test-even though it meant living with _10_and fear of failure. This is the Shadow land of hope, and anyone w

36、ith a dream learns to live there.A) barelyB) genuineC) rewardedD) doubtE) lonelyF) povertyG) persuadeH) prospectsI)uncertaintyJ)impossiblyK)encourageL)awardedM) aloneN)wealthO)cold8.Its never easy to admit you are in the wrong. Being human, we all need to know the art of apologizing. Look back with

37、honesty and think how often youve judged roughly, said _1_ things, pushed yourself ahead at the expense of a friend. Then count the occasions when you indicated clearly and _2_ that you were sorry. A bit frightening, isnt it? Frightening because some deep wisdom in us knows that when even a small wr

38、ong has been committed, some mysterious moral feeling is _3_, and it stays out of balance until fault is acknowledged and _4_ is expressed. I remember a doctor friend, telling me about a man who came to him with a variety of signs: headaches, insomnia and stomach trouble. No _5_ cause could be found

39、. Finally, my friend said to the man, Unless you tell me whats worrying you, I cant help you. After some hesitation, the man _6_ that, as executor of his fathers will, he had been cheating his brother, who lived abroad, of his _7_. Then and there the wise old doctor made the man write to his brother

40、 asking _8_ and enclosing a cheque as the first step in restoring their good relation. He then went with him to mail box in the corridor. As the letter disappeared, the man burst into tears. Thank you, He said, I think Im _9_. And he was. A heartfelt apology can not only _10_ a damaged relationship

41、but also make it stronger. If you can think of someone who deserves an apology from you, someone you have wronged, or just neglected, do something about it right now.A)healB)mentalC)unkindD)regretE)accuratelyF)confessedG)inheritanceH)physicalI)curedJ)treatK)trulyL)unfaithfulM)forgivenessN)disturbedO

42、)excuse9.The first modern Olympic Games was held in Athens（雅典)in 1896and only twelve nations participated. Besides the host nationman participants were tourists who _1_to be in Greece at the time. Though the whole affair was _2_ and the standard was not high, the old principle of amateur sport was k

43、ept up. Since then the games had been held every four years except during the _3_ of the two World Wars This was_4_ a departure from the old Olympic spirit when wars had to stop and make way for the games. The games have grown enormously in scale and _5_performances have now reached unprecedented he

44、ights. Unfortunately the same cannot be said about their_6_ standard. Instead of Olympia, the modern games are now held in different cities all over the world. Inevitably politics and commercial are got involved as countries vie each other for(为 . 而互相竞争) the _7_ to hold the games because of the poli

45、tical prestige and commercial profit to be _8_ out of them. In the 11th games held in Berlin in 1936, Hitler who had newly come to _9_ in Germany tried to use the occasion for his Nazi propaganda. For the first time the Olympic flame was brought all the way from Olympia to the games site in relays,

46、a marathon journey now often taking months to _10_.A) honour B) accomplish C) hadD) moralE) arrive F) occured G) end H) powerI) happened J) definitely K) PhysicalL) informalM) interruption N) especially O) irregular10.Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging.

47、 Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of _1_ or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as _2_ or quitt

48、ing of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are _3_ years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to_4_ with others, make friends, and gain other social skills tha

49、t will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can _5_affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents and coaches criticisms to heart and find a flaw（缺陷）in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be _6_ that yo

50、uth sport participation does not become work for children. That outcome of the game should not be more important than the _7_ of learning the sport and other life lessons. In todays youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of _8_ themselves and the sport. F

51、ollowing a game many parents and coaches _9_ on the outcome and find fault with youngsters performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning that criticism. Again, criticism

52、 can create _10_ levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.A)processB)highC)enjoyingD)anxietyE)settleF)cautiousG)cooperateH)greatlyI)droppingJ)hardlyK)intenseL)focusM)aspirationN)criticalO)procedure11.There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No sch

53、ool I have taught in has ever _ spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it , or how much _ it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is , how to encourage a child to express himsel

54、f freely and _ in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling? If spelling become the only focal point of his teachers interest, clearly a _4_child will be likely to “play safe”. He will tend to write only words within his spelling range, choosing to avoid _5_ language. Thats

55、why teachers often _6_ the early use of dictionaries and pay attention to content rather than technical ability. I was once shocked to read on the bottom of a sensitive piece of writing about a personal experience ：“ This work is _7_ !There are far too many spelling errors and your writing is illegi

56、ble( 难以辨认的 ).” It may have been a sharp_8_ of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher who had omitted to read the essay, which _9_ some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings. The teacher was not wrong to draw attention to the errors, but if his priorities had centered on the childs ideas, an expression of his disappointment with the presentation