英语定语从句

1、英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseThe woman she lives next door is a doctor.定语从句定语从句/ /The woman who lives next door is a doctor.先行词先行词注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略 关系代词指代人用关系代词指代人用“who”who”或或”that”that” 英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseWe know a lot of people they live in London.定语从句定语从句/ /关系从句

2、关系从句We know a lot of people who live in London.关系代词关系代词先行词先行词注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略 关系代词指代人用关系代词指代人用“who”who”或或”that”that” 英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseThe machine it broke down has now been repaired.定语从句定语从句/ /关系从句关系从句The machine which broke down has now been repaired.关系代词关系代词先行词先行词

3、注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略注：关系代词在从句中作主语不能省略 关系代词指代物用关系代词指代物用“which”which”或或”that”that”英语定语从句Barbara works for a company_.The book is about a girl _.What was the name of the horse _?The police have caught the men _.they stole my carit makes washing machineit won the raceshe runs away from homewhich makes wash

4、ing machinewho runs away from homethat won the racewho stole my car英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseThe woman I wanted to see her was away on holiday.定语从句定语从句/ /关系从句关系从句The woman I wanted to see whom was away on holiday.关系代词关系代词先行词先行词The woman whom I wanted to see was away on holiday.关系代词作宾语代人用关系代词作

5、宾语代人用“whomwhom， who, that,who, that,或省略或省略”。英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseHave you found the keys You lost the keys ?定语从句定语从句/ /关系从句关系从句Have you found the keys You lost which ?关系代词关系代词先行词先行词Have you found the keys whichYou lost ?注：关系代词作宾语代物用注：关系代词作宾语代物用“whichwhich，that, that, 或省略或省略”。英语定语从句Are th

6、ese the keys_.They party_ was no fun.I like the people_?George is somebody_.We went to a party last nightYou can rely on GeorgeI work with a lot of peopleYou were looking for some keysyou were looking forwe went to last nightI work withyou van rely on英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseWe saw some peop

7、le their car had broken down.定语从句定语从句/ /关系从句关系从句We saw some people whose car had broken down.关系代词关系代词先行词先行词We saw some people. Their car had broken down注：关系代词注：关系代词whosewhose作定语，主要代人，也可代物。作定语，主要代人，也可代物。不可省略，不可省略，whosewhose后紧跟其限定的名词后紧跟其限定的名词英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseThe table whose leg got bro

8、ken is mine.The table the leg of which leg got broken is mine.The table- its leg got broken -is mine.注：关系代词注：关系代词whosewhose作定语作定语代物时代物时=N+of which/ of which+N=N+of which/ of which+N。The table of which the leg got broken is mine.英语定语从句先行项先行项关系代词在定语从句中的成分关系代词在定语从句中的成分主语主语宾语宾语定语定语人人Who/that(who/that)Wh

9、ose+ N物物Which/that(which/that) Whose+ N= N+of which of which+ N英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseI went back to the town- I was born in the town.I went back to the town I was born where/in which.I went back to the town where/in which I was born.注：关系副词注：关系副词wherewhere作地点状语，作地点状语，Where=Where=介介+which +

10、which “wherewhere”不能省略。不能省略。I went back to the town （which/that）I was born in.英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseThere were many days- we ate only one meal in those days定语从句定语从句/ /关系从句关系从句There were many days- we ate only one meal when/in which.There were many days when/in which we ate only one meal.注

11、：关系副词注：关系副词whenwhen作时间状语，作时间状语， “ “whenwhen”= =介介+which+which在非正式语体中：关系副词在非正式语体中：关系副词when when 时常省略，也可用时常省略，也可用thatthat替换替换 英语定语从句当关系副词当关系副词whenwhen作时间状语，先行项是：作时间状语，先行项是：the day/week/year/morning/evening/moment/instancethe day/week/year/morning/evening/moment/instancethe first time/the last time, ev

12、ery timethe first time/the last time, every time等等, ,关系副关系副词词通常通常省略，也可用省略，也可用thatthat替换替换Do you still remember the day (that) we first met.The last time (that) I saw her, she looked very well.I havent seen them since the year (that) they got married.Every time (that) the phone rings, he gets nervous

13、. 英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseThe reason- I became a teacher for this reason - is that I like kids.The reason I became a teacher why/for which is that I like kids.The reason (why/for which) I became a teacher is that I like kids.注：关系副词注：关系副词whywhy作原因状语，用作原因状语，用“whywhy”=for+which=for+which在非正式语体

14、中：关系副词在非正式语体中：关系副词whywhy时常省略时常省略, ,也可用也可用thatthat替替换换英语定语从句Grammar: Attributive clauseThe way- You answer the questions in this way was admirable.The way you answer the questions in which/that was admirable.The way (in which/that) you answer the questions was admirable注：关系词作方式状语，用注：关系词作方式状语，用“in whi

15、ch/that in which/that ”在非正式语体中：关系词通常省略在非正式语体中：关系词通常省略 = How you answer the questions was admirable英语定语从句先行项先行项关系副词在定语从句中的成分：状语关系副词在定语从句中的成分：状语非正式语体中非正式语体中地点地点地点状语：地点状语：where=介词介词+whichwhere不能省略不能省略时间时间时间状语：时间状语：when=介词介词+which when通常省略，可通常省略，可由由that替换替换 “reason”原因状语原因状语: why=for +which why通常省略，可通常省略

16、，可由由that替换替换“way”方式状语：方式状语：in which/that省略省略英语定语从句一、一、Which和和that在定语从句中指代事物时，一般可互换使用，但在下列情况下在定语从句中指代事物时，一般可互换使用，但在下列情况下通常用通常用that而不用而不用which :1.当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, few, little, none, the one等不定代词不定代词时，常用that引导定语从句。 Eg. All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的已经做了 2.先行词前有o

17、nly，few，any，little，no，all，every，very等词修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。 Eg. This is the very book that I want to read. 3.先行词前面有序数词(first，second等)或形容词的最高形式对其修饰时，常用that引导定语从句。 Eg. This is the first letter that Ive received from him since he left. 4.在并列的先行词中既有人又有物时，不能用who或whom，也不能用which，而要用that引导定于从句。 Eg. They talked

18、of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 英语定语从句一、一、Which和和that在定语从句中指代事物时，一般可互换使用，但在下列情况下在定语从句中指代事物时，一般可互换使用，但在下列情况下通常用通常用that而不用而不用which :6.主句以There be开头，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。 Eg. There is a room in the building that is still free. 7.主句是以who, which或what开头的特殊疑问句时，用that引导定语从句。 Eg. Who

19、is the lady that is waiting at the school gate? 8. 主句以There be开头，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。 Eg. There is a room in the building that is still free. 在以There be开头，先行词为人的句子中，常用who引导定语从句。 Eg. There is a pretty girl who wants to see you. 英语定语从句二、二、关系代词关系代词指代事物时，在下列情况下通常只用指代事物时，在下列情况下通常只用which而不用而不用that引导定语从引导定语

20、从句：句：1.在非限制性定语从句中，常用which引导定语从句。 Eg. I said nothing, which made my mother even more angry. 2.当先行词本身是that或是those且指物时。 Eg. Paul has found that which he lost yesterday. 3.当关系代词前面有介词时，常用which引导定语从句。 Eg. I like to live in the house, in front of which there is a tall pine tree. 英语定语从句三、关系代词指人时，在下列情况下通常只用三

21、、关系代词指人时，在下列情况下通常只用who而不用而不用that引导定语从句。引导定语从句。 1.先行词是one, ones或anyone时 Eg. Anyone who leaves the classroom last should turn off the lights. 2.当先行词是人，后面有较长修饰语时 Eg. Do you know the teacher in blue with a book in his hand who is standing at the gate? 3.先行词为those或被those修饰时，常用who引导定语从句 Eg. Those who like

22、 football can enter for the game. 4.在以There be开头，先行词为人的句子中，常用who引导定语从句。 Eg. There is a pretty girl who wants to see you. 5.在非限制性定语从句中，常用who引导定语从句。 Eg. I met an old friend of mine in the street, who had just come from England. 6.当先行词是I, you, he, they等时(多用于谚语中)。 Eg. He who does not reach the Great Wal

23、l is not a true man. 7.在介词前置时只用whom。 Eg. In the dark forest, there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help. 英语定语从句四、如果先行词是四、如果先行词是time, moment, place, reason, way, direction, distance等时，常用等时，常用that引导的定语从句代替介词引导的定语从句代替介词+which或或when，where，why等，等，且且that常省略常省略: Eg. Id like to know the reason (that/why/for which) you change the plan. 五、五、As作关系代词引导的限制性定语从句中，只用于和作关系代词引导的限制性定语从句中，只用于和the same, such及及as连用的结构中连用的结构中，在句中充当主、宾、表语。在句中充当主、宾、表语。 Eg. 1) He is not the same (man) as he used to be. (表) 2) There are as many books as are needed. (主) 注意:如先行词由same修饰，用th