stepbystep3000第二册unit8原文及答案

1、Unit 8 Everybody Can Help the EnvironmentPart 1 A1 Greenpeace is an independent global campaigning organization that acts to change attitudesand behavior, to protect and conserve the environment and to promote peace 2 WWF World Wildlife Foundation was born into the world in 1961 Its ultimate goal is

2、 to builda future where people live in harmony with nature 3. SOS is the ongoing messaging campaign and larger movement behind Live Earth The message of SOS is that every one, everywhere can must An swer the Call to solve the climatecrisis.4. Green School Project is an organization that helps school

3、s across the US with their budgets inorder to reduce the amount of waste that goes to the landfill 5. On December 10, 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and Al Gore Jr. were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made

4、climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measuresthat are needed to counteract such change”6 Frie nds of the Earth In ter natio nal is the worlds largest grassroots environmen tai n etwork,uniting 70 national member groups and some 5,000 local activist groups on every continent.It campaig

5、ns on todays most urgent environ mental and social issues 7 EEB European Environmental Bureau is a non-governmentai organization with 143 member organizations in 31 cou ntries .Its specific missi on is to promote envir onmen tai policies and sustainable policies on the European Union level.8. The Su

6、rfrider Foundation is a non-profit grassroots organization dedicated to the protection and enjoyment of the worlds oceans, waves and beaches Founded in 1984 in California, itnow maintains over 50,000 members worldwide 9 USGBC The Green Building Council is a nonprofit organization committed to transf

7、orming the way buildings and communities are designed, built and operated, enabling and environmentally and socially responsible, healthy, and prosperous environment that improves the quality of life.10. Founded in 1977, the Alliance to Save Energy is a nonprofit organization that supportsenergy eff

8、iciency and advocates energy-efficiency policies that minimize costs to society and individual consumers, and that lessen greenhouse gas emissions and their impact on theglobal climate11. The Earth Organization is a grassroots international nonprofit, conservation and envir on mental orga nization,

9、with new soluti ons, committed to the creative, resp on sible rehabilitation of Planet Earth and the plant and animal kingdoms 12. TWP Trees, Water & People is a nonprofit organization founded in 1998, helping communities protect, con serve, and man age the n atural resources upon which their I on g

10、-term well-bei ng depe nds.13. America n Forests is Americas oldest non profit citize ns con servation organizatio n foun ded in1875 It works to protect, restore and enhance the natural capital of trees and forestsHealthy forests filter watec remove air pollution, sequester carb on, and provide home

11、s for wildlife.14. GAA The Global Amphibian Assessment is the first-ever comprehensive assessment of theconservation status of the worlds 5,918 known species of frogs, toads, salamanders, and caecilians. Almost 600 scientists from 60 countries have now contributed to the project. 15. ASES The Americ

12、an Solar Energy Society, founded in 1954, is a nonprofit organization9. Dont buy products (fur or ivory, for example) made from rare or protected species 10. Use public transportation as often as possible 11. If youre buying wood, dont choose hardwood form tropical rainforests. 12. Look for aerosols

13、 which have nt got any CFCs in them 13. Dont buy hamburgers or pizzas in plastic boxes which con tain CFCs 14. Use batteries as little as possible It takes 50 times more energy to make them than they produce 15. Dont leave on electric lights, TV； hi-fi, etc., if youre not using them 16. Find out mor

14、e about conservation issues in your area Are there any woods or fields in have to be, -ahwhether we1 re turning off light bulbs when weahleave theroomumand just a variety of pers onal acti ons like recycli ng that we need to start thin king about and doing moreIsobel Wade also says shed love to see

15、everyone in Californias urban arrears take the time to plant one tree and take care of the ones that are already growingKey B1 planting single tree2. deflate Greenhouse Effect/ take CO23. real simple activities/ accessible to people/ citizens/ do a lot4. clean up CO2/ improve environment/ neighborho

16、ods attractive5 a variety of personal actionsPart IIIWhen you go to the supermarket, can you resist using plastic bags For lot of us, probably wont What you eat out Can you guarantee not to use any plastic tableware And how about if some one asks you; can you recomme nd a replaceme nt for plastic pr

17、oducts Dont say paper! Here is a new solution; biodegradable plastic!As every one kno ws, plastic is a big environmental headache although it brings us muchconvenienee. Like plastic bags, plastic food containers, and plastic tableware But it is perhaps the most harmful of all our garbage because it

18、does not easily break down in natureA researcher form the Chinese Academy of Scie ncesJi Junhui says he and his colleagues have found a better solution.“Whe n the PBS in the biodegradable plastic comes in con tact with microorganisms or enzymes, the plastic structure will degrade into smaller pieces

19、, and fin ally it turns into water and carb on dioxide This is how the break-down process works.MPBS is a chemical componwnt that is the key to this new biodegradable plastic It can help the plastic degrade into nonpolluting elements, so the brokedown plastic fragments can be absorbed by soil and wa

20、ter.PBS is not an entirely new product, however, this China-made biodegradable plastic is safer and more heat-resistant According to Ji Junhui. testing has shown that 90% of this new biodegradable plastic can be degraded within 90 days And it even takes a shorter period of time if it is buried in a

21、dump rather than exposed to the air.Usually, biodegradable plastic food containers made in other countries will melt whwn the temperature reaches 60 degree Celsius, while the Chinese product can retain its shape in up to 100 degreesHowever, Ji Junhui says his-tech products often come at a higher pri

22、ce“ PBS product is a bit more expensive than ordinary plastic Taking a plastic bowl as an example, the PBS bowl can be 20% more expensive than the current plastic bowl we use Some hotels and restaurants in Shanghai have already started using the new PBS biodegradable plastic food containers, and the

23、 product will be popularized in Beijing as well as in other big cities.It will play a role in the 2008 Olympic Games Besides in the production of plastic food containers and tableware for the Games, PBS biodegradable plastic will also be used to make road signs, team cheering equipment like horns an

24、d mini flags, as well as trash bags, umbrellas and eyeglass framesProbably in the near future, we will really be able to say farewell to plastic pollution.Key:OutlineI. headachenot easily bread downII. PBSA: contact/ microorganisms/ enzymes/ smaller pieces/ into water & CO2B:1. safer90%/ degraded/ i

25、n 90 days/ shorter/ in a dump2 more heat resista nta. melt at 60C .b. shape retained up to 100CC disadva ntagemore expensive than ordinary plastic/ price 20% higher .III. Applicati onA. already started .B to be popularizedC. roleplastic food containers & tableware/ road signs/ team cheering equipmen

26、t horns/ mini . flags/ trash bags/ umbrellas/ eyeglass frames)Part IVcharacteristics, its structure, the logical orderinverted pyramid, the news lead, a condensed form, further informationsum up, either inside or outside, comment, remarks, attitudes, analysissome breakthroughs, update, vocabulary, h

27、inders our understanding of； enhanee our ability, frequently appear, carefully studied, the experiment reports, subjects, findings or results, thelatest developmentsdedicated to increasing the use of solar energy, energy efficiency, and other sustainable technologies in the B1.Buy fresh food that do

28、est need a lot of packaging 2.Try to buy “organic fruit a nd vegetables from farmers who don * 1 2 * 4 5 * 7t use chemicals 3 Save as much water as possible 4 Use products that wont stay forever in the earth or sea when you throw then away. 5. Use bottles more than once or take them to a bottle bank

29、. 6 Try to save paper. Also； buy and use recycled paper as often as possible 7. Avoid throw-away products 8 Make sure that your family and friends use unleaded petrol in their cars dan ger, for example 17. Try to throw away at least 25% less rubbish 18. Help old people in your area to insulate their

30、 homes This saves energy and helps to keep them warm in winter.19. Visit any local nature reserves or zoos and talk to the people who run them Part IICampaign California Re-Leaf as in L-E-A-F was kicked off recently with a party in San Franciscos Washington Square Park thrown by a coalition of seven

31、 urban forestry groups The focus of the party was the plan ting of a single tree, the first of 20 million to be planted in 40 Californian cities over the next decade The tree planting campaign is an attempt to deflate whats been called the Greenhouse Effect. Scientists believe that the earth is gett

32、ing warmer because of an accumulati on of carb on dioxide in the air. Trees take carb on dioxide out of the air. Martin Rosen is the director of the Trust for Public Land, the organization that is coordination the stat-wide tree plating effortTime is not neutral. We are so rapidly depleting the atmosphere, we are so rapidly changing the climate, that unless we start now the situation may well become irreversible.MSome movie stars were on hand for the tree plan ting cerem ony. Ac