英美文学导读

1、PoetrySonnet 18 Nor lose possession of that fair thou owst; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growst. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this , and this gives life to thee.选自（Sonnet 18）作者William Shakespeare威廉莎士比亚 eternal lines

2、：the eternal beauty brought forth by poetry to the one he loves这首诗表达了：1.praise the power of artistic creation 2a profound.meditation on destructive power of time and the eternal beauty of poem.From Paradise LostAll is not lost; the unconquerable will,And study of revenge, immortal hate,And courage n

3、ever to submit or yield:And what is else not to be overcome? .To wage by force or guile eternal warIrreconcilable, to our grand foe选自（Paradise Lost失乐园1667）作者John Milton约翰弥尔顿代表作还有（Paradise Regained复乐园1671和Samson Agonistes力士参孙1671）失乐园取材于旧约圣经(the old testament)All is not lost: unconquerable will, reven

4、ge, immortal hate, courage never to submit or yield.eternal war: pull down the god from his thronegrand foe: godI Wandered Lonely as a Cloud-William Wordsworth(威廉华兹华斯)I wandered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high oer vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golden daffodils;Beside

5、 the lake, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.continuous as the stars that shineand twinkle on the milky way,they stretched in never-ending linealong the margin of a bay.Ten thousand saw I at a glance,tossing their heads in springhtly dance.The waves beside them danced; but theyo

6、ut-did the sparkling waves in glee:a poet could not but be gay,in such a jocund company:I gazed-and gazed-but little thoughtwhat wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I liein vacant or in pensive mood,they flash upon that inward eyewhich is the bliss of solitude;and then my hea

7、rt with pleasure fills,and dances with the daffodils.该诗体现了是个应描写“平静中回忆起来的感情”（Emotion recollected in tranquility）这一诗学理论。William Wordsworth(威廉华兹华斯)：1978年他同柯勒律治合作出版了有名的抒情歌谣集（Lyrical Ballads），该诗第二版的序被认为是英国浪漫主义（1798-1832）的宣言。1843年被封为“桂冠诗人”。浪漫主义时期：歌颂爱情和自然，对现实消极的态度Ode to the West Wind O wild West Wind, thou

8、 breath of Autumns being Thou, from whose unseen presence the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes:O thou Who chariltest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, . Wil

9、d Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and preserver; hear, oh, hear! Thou on whose stream, mid the steep skys commotion, Loose clouds like earths decaying leaves are shedd, Shook from the tangled boughs of Heaven and Ocean, Black rain, and fire , and hail will burst :oh, hear! . And tremb

10、le and despoil themselves: oh, hear! . I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed! A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowed One too like thee: tameless, and swift, and proud. ; Be through my lips to unawakened earth The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind, If Winter comes , can Spring be far behind?作者Pe

11、rcy Bysshe Shelley波西比希雪莱，西风颂3个地方on the earth , in the sky, on the seaWild Spirit：west wind Destroyer and preserver：destroy the old things,I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!:If Winter comes , can Spring be far behind?:这首诗的结构：诗歌每节有14行五音步诗行，每节可独立成为一首十四行诗，前三节的末尾均以“oh，hear”结尾，既在形式上把不同诗节贯串起来，又在语气上使诗

12、节之间相互照应。在论自然认真的重要性最后一句的理解：,名词解释Code hero：The Code Hero is typically an individualist and free-willed. Although he believes in the ideals of courage and honor he has his own set of morals and principles based on his beliefs in honor, courage and endurance. A code hero never shows emotions; showing em

13、otions and having a commitment to women shows weakness. Qualities such as bravery, adventuresome and travel also define the Code Herocode hero， is one who， wounded but strong more sensitive， enjoys the pleasures of life （sex， alcohol， sport） in face of ruin and death， and maintains， through some not

14、ion of a code， an ideal of himself.2 barnes in the sun also Rises， Henry in a Farewell to arms and Santiago in the old man and the sea are typical of Hemingway Code HeroInternational theme：the works tell the differences between England and America，it is international. The presentative works are Hern

15、y James，which is in his early times.Local colorism is the detailed representation in prose fiction of the setting dialect customs dress and ways of thinking and feeling which are distinctive of a particular region.Imagism :Imagism came into being in Britain and U.S around 1910 as a reaction to the t

16、raditional English poetry to express the sense of fragmentation and dislocation.2the imagists， with Ezra Pound leading the way， hold that the most effective means to express these momentary impressions is through the use of one dominant image.3imagism is characterized by the following three poetic p

17、rinciples：A. direct treatment of subject matter；B. economy of expression；C. as regards rhythm， to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase， not in the sequence of metronome.4 pounds In a Station of the Metro is a well-known imagist poem.“Renaissance”:The word “Renaissance”means “rebirth”， it me

18、ant the reintroduction into westerm Europe of the full cultural heritage of Greece and Rome.2the essence of the Renaissance is Humanism. Attitudes and feelings which had been characteristic of the 14th and 15th centuries persisted well down into the era of Humanism and reformation.3 the real mainstr

19、eam of the english Renaissance is the Elizabethan drama with william shakespeare being the leading dramatist.a revival or rebirth of the artistic and scientific revival which originated in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. It has two features: a thirsting curiosity for

20、the classical literature and keen interest in activities of humanity.the stream of consciousness is a contiunously flow of sense-perception ,thoghts, feelings ,and memories in the human mind ,or literatury method of representing a blending mental process in fiction characters,usually an unpuntuated

21、or disjionted form of interior monologueit is a literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur without any clarification by the author. It is a narrative mode. The “stream of consciousness” is a psychological term indicating “the flux of conscious and subcons

22、cious thoughts and impressions moving in the mind at any given time independently of the persons will”简答题 哈克贝里费恩历险记环境：It tells a story about the US before the Civil War(1861-1865),about 1850,when the great Mississippi River was still being settled. On both sides of Mississippi River , there was unpo

23、pulated wilderness and a dense forest. Here lies an America, with its great national faults, full of violence , even cruelty, yet still retaining some virtues , some simplicity ,some innocence , and some peace.语言：the combination of human and staire Strong epoch flavor The usage of south American dia

24、lect and the fist person 人物：Huckleberry Finn, a boy about thirteen or fourteen. He has been brought up by his father, the town drunk, and has a hard time fitting into society. Widow Douglas is the kind old lady who has taken him in after he and Tom come into some money. She tries her best to civiliz

25、e Huck, believing it is her Christian duty. The widows sister, a tough old spinster called Miss Watson, also lives with them. She is pretty hard on Huck, causing him to resent her a good deal. Samuel Clemens may have drawn inspiration for her from several people he knew in his life.4 Jim, the widows

26、 big, mild-mannered slave to whom Huck becomes very close in the novel. Tom Sawyer, Hucks friend, the main character of other Twain novels and the leader of the town boys in adventures, is the best fighter and the smartest kid in town.4100字梗概：Huck, a poor boy with a drunken bum a father, as a result

27、 of his adventure, gained quite a bit of money and was adopted by a respectable family. Huck dislikes his new life of cleanliness, manners, church, and school. However, he sticks it out in order to take part in Toms new “robbers gang.”Later Hucks brutish, drunken father reappears in town and demands

28、 Hucks money. He hangs around town for several months, harassing his son. Finally, he kidnaps Huck and holds him in a cabin. Huck escapes by faking his own death, killing a pig and spreading its blood all over the cabin. Later the slave Jim joined his escape because his owner is thinking of selling

29、him down the river to the deep South of harsher slavery . They float on a raft down the majestic Mississippi, but are sunk by a steamboat, separated, and later reunited. They go through many comical and dangerous adventures. In the end, it is discovered that Miss Watson had already freed Jim, and a

30、respectable family offers to adopt Huck. But Huck grows impatient with civilized society and plans to escape to the territories - Indian lands. 傲慢与偏见：伊丽莎白的性格分析：intelligent，lively，attractive，witty（she says that she just marries a person she loves）brave（when lady Catherine ask her not to receive Darcy

31、s proposal，she dared to refuse her）trust people easily(she trustsWickham and regards Darcy as a bad man, whats more, she shows more prejudices to Darcy. )三种婚姻模式:Lidyia&Wickham（based on passion and appearance） Elizabeth&Darcy(based on true love and Comprehension） Charlotte&Collins(their marriage is b

32、ased on financial benefits.They are compromise with reality)及作者对此的态度：Marriage should be based on true love and comprehension.老人与海硬汉的性格特征：A man with great determination courage and confidence献给艾米丽的一朵玫瑰主题： “racial discrimination” “womens self identity”Memory and the Past .A Rose for Emily. Spanning ap

33、proximately 74 years, this short story spins backwards and forwards in time like memory, and shows a southern town torn between the present and the past. Post-Civil War and Pre-Civil Rights, A Rose for Emily shows us an American South in limbo, trying desperately, with each generation, to find a bet

34、ter way, a way which honors the good of the past, while coming to terms with its evils. Alive, Miss Emily had been a tradition,a duty,and a care; a sort of hereditary obligation upon the town dating from that day in 1894.Emily is described here as an object, a thing passed on from generation to gene

35、ration. Visions of America. The second paragraph of the first section of A Rose for Emily gives us all the clues we need to find out what the story is saying about America.The story shows how difficult it was for southern people to deal with the new America represented by the Emancipation Proclamati

36、on.Versions of Reality What we confront is the reality of America in the story, and the reality of the main characters complete isolation.This story shows how much things have changed since Miss Emilys time, how different our reality is from that of the characters in the story.Compassion and Forgive

37、ness. Compassion and Forgiveness is another major theme that we can find in almost any Faulkner story. The story can seem downright cruel, the characters wholly unsympathetic, and the plot gross. When we begin to see the magnitude of the tragedy, and its impact on multiple generations, we understand the story is a call for understanding. The story seems to argue that forgiveness, compassion, and understanding can only come by facing the facts of the past and the pr