morphemes课件

1、wdecontextualizationwactivitieswrepeatswuniversity meaningwSound e.g. workerphonemesyllablephonological wMeaning e.g. workermorphologicalsemantic pragmaticmorphemes presentation present -ation unsuitable un- suitable suit -ablemorphologymorphology .2014-9-10IssuesIssues 123Morphemes Types of morphem

2、esIdentifying morphemesmorphemevactvactorvactressvactivevinactivevoveractivevactivelyvactivityvactivities importanceMorpheme nminimal unit of meaning in a wordndecontextualizationnenlargenenduranceMorpheme difference between phoneme & morpheme morpheme sound + meaning phoneme sound + ( meaning) e.g.

3、 / z / - dogs Toms riseMorpheme nHow many morphemes in a word? “books” “miniskirts” “folktales” “stopwatches” “fish”sameIdentify morphemesnFormnMeaningnDistributionwordwordword formationword formationMorpheme .ReviewnMorphemes: components of a word sound + meaningnMorphs: realization of a morphemenA

4、llomorph: morphs with the same meaning belong to the same morphemeReviewnA word is made up of at least 1 or 1+ morphemes.nA morpheme consists 1 or 1+ morphs. nMorphs belonging to the same morpheme are called allomorphs.nMorphs and allomorphs are the realization of a morpheme. morph & allomorphn same

5、 meaning ( 1 morpheme ) different shapes e.g. plural morpheme: -s, -z, -iz, -i:, -n -tion, -sion, -ion, -ationn -im, -in, -il, -irTypes of morphemeofree vs. boundfree vs. boundoderivational vs. inflectionalderivational vs. inflectionalolexical vs. grammaticallexical vs. grammaticalTypes of morphemeo

6、 free morpheme constitute a word by itself e.g. rooto bound morpheme just part of a word, need a company e.g. bound root, affix, grammatical inflection, “着着”，“了了”free or bound?oboyoboysoboyfriendoboyfriendsofriendshipospaceshipTypes of morphemeoInflectional (grammatical / functional) no change of me

7、aning + class - grammatical suffix works working worked workers oDerivational (content / lexical) change of meaning / and class lexical affix sleep sleepy happy unhappy move movementinflectional or derivational?oask, asking, asked, asksoteacher, teachers, teachers, teachersowork, works, worked, work

8、ingoworker, overwork, co-work, workableTypes of morphemeso free morpheme (root) bound morpheme derivational inflectionalprefixsuffixinfix numberpersoncasegendertense & aspectsuperlativecompoundingderivationderivationStructure of a wordo(derivational) + root + (derivational) + (inflectional)ocourageo

9、encourageoencouragementoencouragesIdentifying morphemeso root inflectional derivationalbystandersportsmanrestarterrepeatactivitiesfollow-upDiscussion odifferences between inflectional and derivational morphemes give examplesDifferences ochange of rootsopositionoproductivityDerivational morphemeochan

10、ges meaning or part of speech of the stem;oindicates semantic realtions within the word;ooccurs with only some members of a class of morphems;ooccurs before any inflectional suffixes added.Inflectional morphemeodoes not change meaning or part of speech of the stem;oindicates syntactic or semantic re

11、altions between different words in a sentence;ooccurs with all members of some large class of morphems;ooccurs at margins of words.Review oMorphemeoMorphoAllomorphoTypes of morphemeoHow to identify morphemesDerivational or inflectional?oMarys mum were talking loudly.oHave you been informed that the

12、meetings been canceled.oEncouragement is very important in teaching.oLots of rice are imported every year.oA hotline is a point-to-point communications link in which a call is automatically directed to the preselected destination without any additional action by the user when the end instrument goes off-hook.Features of affixesoSpecific lexical meaningo+1 meaningoAffective meaningoDifferent word classesoNew coinage (-nik)oOld ones (-th)researchReflection