高中名词性从句讲解及练习

1、名词性从句what is needed for the space trip is careful preparation.her wish is that she can lose weight soon.i think that woman can reach every high achievements in many fields of science.we were very excited at the news that our team had won.引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：一连词：that（无任何词意）whether, if（均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性

2、）as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”）以上在从句中均不充当任何成分二连接代词：what, who, whom, which，whose, whatever（任何的物）, whoever（任何的人）, whomever（任何的人） whichever（任何人，物）,whoseever(任何的)三连接副词：when, where, how, why (一)主语从句在复合句中充当主语的名词性从句，叫主语从句。1. 连接词在主语从句中没实际意义，但是不能省略。eg: that he will not not come to the meeting is true.2. whet

3、her可用于引导主从，if不可。 eg: whether he will join us in the discussion is of great importance.（表“是否”用whether, 表“如果”用if.）3. whoever, whatever, whichever等词可用于引导主从， no matter +疑问词等只可以用于引导让步状语从句。eg: whatever he said was right. whatever you say he wont give up.4. 为避免句子头重脚轻，经常用it做形式主语，主语从句在后边做真正的主语。 it + be + 形容词

4、(strange, nayural. true等) + that 等eg：its strange that he didnt come. it + be + 名词词组+ that从句（a pity, a shame等）eg: its a pity that he cant go. it doesnt matter + how/ wether从句eg: it doesnt matter wether he will come or not. it + be + 过去分词（said, reported,hoped等）+that从句eg: its reported that our china te

5、am has won. it seems / happens + that从句eg：it happens that i wasnt there that day.5. what 与 that 在主语从句（及在其他从句中）的区别：what 引导名从在从句中又充当一定的成分，而that仅是连词，不充当任何成分。eg: what you said is right.ex.1 1. ( ) makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.a what b who c whatever d whoever2. ( )

6、well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.a if b whether c that d where 3. it has been proved ( ) eating more vegetable is very important for our health.a if b because c when d that4. where ( ) is still unknown.a does he get this b he gets this （二）宾语从句在复合句中充当宾语的名词性从句，叫宾语从句。1. whether和if都可以引导宾语

7、从句 但: (1).当whether后紧跟or not时,不用if. 例: i dont know whether i will stay or not. (2).介词后面的宾语从句不能用if. 例: i worry about whether i hurt her feeling.2. 否定转移。下列动词后的从句若是否定，须把否定转移到主句中。如think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine eg：i dont think this dress fits you well.3. it作形式宾语 eg: we heard it

8、 that she would get married next month. i found it strange that he got the first in the game.4. that在宾语从句中一般可以省略，但在以下情况一般不省略。 (1).在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that 从句(真正宾语) 的句型中不省略. 例: we must make it clear that we mean what we say. (2).由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,that 不省略. 例: he told me that he would come and tha

9、t he would come on time.5.宾语从句在时态上要求与主句一致。eg: he says that he lives around the corner. he said that he was learning english for the 2008 beijing olympic games. he said that he would go abroad for further information.6. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，其结构为should+动词原形，should 可以省略。这些常用动词是：一个坚决要求insist; 四个要求ask,deman

10、d,request,require；两个命令order,command; 三个建议suggest,advise,propose； 注意：insist有两个意思“坚决要求”和“坚持认为”，前者用虚拟语气，而后者用陈述语气（实际时态）；同样suggest 也有两个意思“建议”和“表明”,“暗示”，当表示“建议”讲时用虚拟语气，否则用陈述语气（实际时态）。 eg：she suggested that she should answer the phone immediately.(虚拟语气)the smile on her face suggested that he was satisfied w

11、ith the result.(陈述语气)7. 由wh-类的词引导的宾语从句可作介词的宾语。eg: she walked up to where i stood.that从句一般不作介词的宾语，但 in that/ except that(除外)除外。eg: the bigger problem lies in that they have lost their value.ex 2. 1. ive got to make_he told a lie. a.that clearb.it clear that c.quite cleard.this clear that2. _the smith

12、s will come or not is _she is worrying about. a.what; thatb.whether; whatc.if; thatd.how; which3. it is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants. a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 4. no one can be sure _ in a million years.a what man will look like b what will man

13、look likec man will look like what d what look will man like5. mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game.a why b what c who d that(三)表语从句在复合句中充当表语的名词性从句，叫表语从句。放在系动词be, look, seem, remain等之后。eg: the fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。thats just what i want. 那正是我想要的

14、。it looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了1).表语从句只能用whether,而不能用if 引导.2).不要使用 the reason is because that 句型, 应使用 the reason why is that 或 this / it /that/ is because等句型.例如: 今天早上他迟到的原因是因为路上行人太多.误: the reason why he was late this morning is because that there was a lot of traffic on the road.正: the

15、 reason why he was late this morning is that there was a lot of traffic on the road.或:he was late this morning. that was because there was a lot of traffic on the road.3).在表语从句中的that不能省。4).what引导表语从句在从句中充当句子成分,如主语,宾语,表语,而that在句子中只起连接作用.5).如果句子的主语是suggestion, advice, order等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用虚拟语气，即should+

16、动词原形,should可省略.eg: his suggestion is that we (should) finish the work at once. ex 3.1) he was late for school. that was _he got up late2) the reason why he was late for school is _he got up late.3) china isnt _ she used to be4) the question is _ you didnt do that in time.（四）同位语从句1连接词that虽在从句中不充当任何成分

17、,但不省略.2先行词通常是抽象性性名词如:conclusion, evidence, fact, hope, idea, word(news), opinion, problem, promise, reason, truth等. 3. 在have no idea 之后常用wh-引导同位语从句. eg: i have no idea where he has gone./ i have no idea when he did it./i have no idea what he did.4. 如果名词suggestion, advice，order等词后的同位语从句的谓语动词要用should+

18、动词原形,should可省略.eg: the suggestion that the plan (should) be delayed will be discussed tomorrow.5. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：a.同位语从句与定语从句的相似之处1）、两种从句都可以译成定语the news that our team has won the final match is encouraging. （同位语从句）我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。the news that you told us is really encouraging.（定语从句）你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。2

19、）、两种从句都可以用that引导the suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering. （同位语从句）学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。the suggestion that is worth considering is that the students should learn something practical.（定语从句）值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。b、同位语从句与定语从句的不同之处1）、从句的作用不同：同位语从句用来进一步说明前面名词的内容；定语从句用

20、来修饰、限定前面的名词。 e.g. the news that our team has won the final match is encouraging.（从句说明“消息”的内容：我们队取得了决赛胜利。）the news that you told us is really encouraging.（从句对“消息”加以限定：是你告诉我们的，而非来自其他渠道。但消息是何内容却不得而知。）2）、引导从句的关联词that的功能不同：that引导同位语从句时是一个单纯的连词，不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系代词，既指代先行词又须在从句中充当成分。e.g.1) dad made a

21、promise that he would buy me cd player if i passed the english test. （that 不充当任何成分） 2) dad made a promise that excited all his children.（that指代promise，又在从句中充当主语。）ex 4. 1.the fact worries their parents and teachers a lot. the fact is that two thirds of all girls in britain are on a diet.2.we heard th

22、e news last night. the news was that the british prime minister was on a three-day visit in china.3.the view is shared by many british parents. the view is that teenagers shouldnt spend too much time online.4. there is no scientific proof for the idea. the idea is that mobile phones stop teenagers f

23、rom spending money on dresses on cigarettes.四. 解题要点：如果名从意思完整，须用that, 因为that 不作成分，而且没有任何含义。在涉及到“是否”时用whether,表“如果”if。 that和what不可混淆，that无意义，不作成份；what有意义，做成分that的不可省。（只在一些宾语从句中可省）、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态一致、主谓一致。1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：eg：theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataver

24、yhighspeed.主语从句做主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数；如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.homework:一choose the right answer.1_we cant get seems

25、better than _ we have. (96)a what, what b what, that c that, that d that, what2it worries her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. (92)a while b that c if d for3. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. a. that b. whether c. if d. even if4. - i saw your neighbor break your window

26、with a basketball. - _ it made me nearly mad. a. that he broke b. what he broke c. he broke d. his break5. his suggestion _ to see the exhibition interested everyone of us.a. that we go b. which we should go c. that we should go d. when we should go二translation.1. professor, i want to know （50年后我们的日

27、常生活会是什么样）2. what is your prediction about (地球什么时候灭亡)3. （任何违反规则的人）will be punished.4. 他说的话打动了我。 5. 事实是我从未到过那儿。6. 显而易见，英语很重要。7. 问题是我们下一步该怎么办。8. 玛丽认为他会帮助她。 9. 人们认为运动会会按计划举行。 认真分析句子成分,看从句中缺什么成分,再根据语境和语义,选用恰当的连词。如果从句中缺少主语,指人用who,指物则用what;如缺宾语,指人用whom或who,指物用what;如缺时间状语用when,地点状语用where,原因状语用why,方式状语用how;定

28、语用what或which;如果从句中什么成分都不缺,用that。 eg: i wondered ( ) bravely rescued the old man from the fire. ( ) he rescued the old man from the fire moved me. he gave me the suggetion（ ）i should hand it to her. ( ) he left in such a hurry was still a puzzle. ( ) he is going through now is really difficult for hi

29、m to settle.2. 名词性从句需为陈述语序。eg: she asked me where he lived and what he did.3. 名词性从句的连接词中不存在which, 指物时若有意义并且有作成分用what,若无用that。而定语从句的引导词在指物时用that 或which. 同时，在定于从句中that有意义，指代先行词，而在名词性从句中that无任何意义，无作任何成分。eg: what he did was ridiculous. the things which/ that he did was ridiculous. a1. as far as i rememb

30、er, it was four days ago _ the tall engineer came here to check the air conditioner.a. when b. that c. until d. since2. what do you think of the news _ that young man provided?it is a big lie. he did so just to be able to show up in tv.a. what b. which c. whom d. when3. it is not certain _ effect th

31、e medicine have on the disease.a. how b. what c. which d. whose4. the central government made a wise and historical decision _ they decided to develop the vast west of china.a. that b. which c. whether d. if5. the boys in her class are so naughty that the new teacher just does not know _ she should

32、deal with them?a. why b. how c. where d. what6. are you certain _ the young girl has said is true?a. that that b. that what c. of which d. about what7. id like to work with _ is honest and easy to get on with. a. who b. whoever c. whomever d. no matter who8. these shoes look very good. i wonder _. a. how much cost they are b. how much do they costc. how much they costd. how much