水产动物遗传育种方案

1、 1054211112atlantic salmonrainbow troutcoho salmonnile tilapiarohu carpturbotsea basssea breamshrimp# programsspecies1054211112atlantic salmonrainbow troutcoho salmonnile tilapiarohu carpturbotsea basssea breamshrimp# programsspecies+ 2+ 1+atlantic cod, +atlantic halibut19401950196019701980199020001

2、00200300鸡牛猪挪威大西洋鲑罗非鱼(依据 eknath ) -25-20-15-10-50510152025-3-2-10123breeding value - body weightbreeding value - wssv resistance2314 选育选育5代的大西洋鲑的遗传进展代的大西洋鲑的遗传进展进展进展%生长速度生长速度+113饵料转换饵料转换+40蛋白转换蛋白转换+9能量转换能量转换+14饵料系数饵料系数-20thodesen et. al., 1999 尼罗罗非鱼的遗传进展尼罗罗非鱼的遗传进展10012314517017720002040608010012014016

3、0180200基础群体g1g2g3g4g5生长的相对响应量 -25-20-15-10-50510152025-3-2-10123breeding value - body weightbreeding value - wssv resistance2314g0g1g2g3g0g1g2g3 xxxp1p2p3 xxxp1 x p2 p1 x p3 p2 x p3 建立侯选物种最多化的有利基因的群体-基础群体（base population) 。 可以同时选择多个目的性状。 与纯系选育是完全不同的概念，其效率也是纯系选育不可比拟的。成千上万的有利基因也是遗传标记辅助育种最大问题。青岛青岛海州湾海州

4、湾mfrh(106)qd(5) skc(0)skf12sk(?)hh1(?)jk98(4)hy(?)rh(51)541052qd181skc(13)2313skf(12)22sk(?)5hh1(5)101jk98(1)hy(?)115鲤鱼的选育鲤鱼的选育year700?170019691972197319831985purse red common carp- body shape- body colour- fins and scalespurse redxingguo red - body shape- body weight- disease resistance- protein an

5、d fat xinguo red wanan glass-red- body colour wanan glass-redn photos: li & wang, 2001010203040506070累积遗传获得%基础群体1234世代1%10%20%46701235li, 2000 建鲤建鲤 p f1 f2 f3 f4 f5 f6(w1 x y1)(w2 x y2)(w3 x y3)(w4 x y4)g1g2建鲤品种xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx性状性状y性状性状xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

6、xxxxx顺序选育顺序选育(tandemselection)xxxxxxoxxxxxxxxooxooxooooxxx指数选育指数选育(indexselection) 准确估计育种值准确估计育种值利用各种信息，准确估计育种值。利用各种信息，准确估计育种值。选择的精确度远远高于群体（个体）选育。选择的精确度远远高于群体（个体）选育。后代后代blup 法估计育种值法估计育种值ddddssdddddsddddssssssdsssssdddssddd22ds122ddsssssd21ss11121aaaa0aaaa0aaazzazzxzaaazzazzxz00zxzxxx,kkkkkkkkkkkkkkk

7、kddssdsuuuub= 00yzyzyx21cages 1 c 5.2334 2 c 7.6642 sex 1 s 0.0000 2 s - 0.1025 grandparents 1 u 0.0390 2 u - 0.0045 3 u - 0.0345 4 u 0.0209 5 u - 0.0045 6 u 0.0045 7 u 0.0181 8 u - 0.0390 sires 11 u 0.0509 12 u - 0.0254 dams 13 u 0.0119 14 u - 0.0105 15 u 0.0467 16 u - 0.0758 个体个体父本父本母本母本体重体重抗抗wssv

8、wssv存活率存活率指数指数10611990414990440-1.8012.4-2.9106.710607990456990447-0.698.8-6.1105.2106159904519904461.221.84.0104.7106019904169904461.29-3.68.3100.9106029904149904600.091.4-3.6100.8106129904169904461.34-4.29.3100.6106039904569904480.25-0.61.0100.110609990453990449-0.220.5-2.399.6106109903209904090.7

9、1-1.8-3.699.210606990453990457-1.38-0.37.898.310613990453990447-0.95-0.32.798.3106059904569904460.45-5.11.396.6106049904149904160.67-9.91.993.010614990417990452-0.32-8.3-5.191.2106089904149904560.89-18.8-7.284.1 苗、种 核心育种中心国家各渔业 部 门与渔业相关 部 门 养 殖 场养殖公司卵、苗、种市 场-25-20-15-10-50510152025-3-2-10123breeding

10、 value - body weightbreeding value - wssv resistance2314 efaaeafbbebfccecfddedfaebecede afbf cfdfaebecedeafbfcfdf兄妹交：8孙女交：36杂交：10(-)0.6-2.6%0%(-)1.6%(-)1.6-5.0% (-)2.3%(-)3.9-5.8%ryemao, 1998gallardo et al., 2004gallardo et al., 2004pante et al., 2001absu et al., 1996su et al., 1996(-)2.4%(-)4.5%(-)

11、11.1-13.8%(-)10.0%(-)10.0%(-)10.7%(-)3.3%(-)5.0%(-)4.5-6.1%(-)4.7%licai, 2003cooper, 1961hardhershberger, in pressmyers et al., 2001naciri-graven et al., 2000keys et al., 2004langdon et al., 2003gjerde et al., 1983 kincaid, 1976ab, 1983(-)7.3% -100%+100%- 50%+ 50%0%自然群体 第一代 第二代 第三代 杂交 杂交优势=近交衰退杂交鲍品种是近交衰退的补偿。skwkhb群体ldbhhzrskcknld0.000 bh0.069 0.000 hz0.098 0.094 0.000 rs0.122 0.114 0.025 0.000 kc0.161 0.253 0.181 0.173 0.000 kn0.250 0.252 0.234 0.198 0.160 0.000 grandparentsparentsf1f2030030301903014030340302703157g02007(, )p03003p03019p03014p03034