潜水医学课件：2- 潜水装备

1、Diving EquipmentEquipmentWe will cover 3 categories:basicessentialusefulBasic equipmentMaskSnorkelFins (& boots)MasksHuman eyes cant focus in waterMasks trap a layer of air in front of eyes with a pane of glassSnorkelsCurved rubber tube with mouthpieceAllow snorkellers to breathe face-down at surfac

2、eSome have output valves to expel waterSnorkel valvesWithout valveWith valveFinsoffer propulsion for minimum effortallow divers to swim on surface and at depth with speed, endurance and powerFin typesFull-footOpen-heelFull-foot finsFit like a shoeWorn over bare feetMore common for surface swimmingWa

3、rm water onlyOpen-heel finsFoot pocket with open heelHeld to foot by springs or strapsCan be worn over bootsMore common among diversFin strapsPlastic buckleFin springsEssential equipmentCylinderRegulatorDiving suitWeight systemBuoyancy control deviceDepth gaugeWatchCylindersRegulatorsRegulatorsAllow

4、 us to breathe at appropriate pressurePressure reduced in two stagesFirst stage attached to tankSecond stage attached to mouthpieceExtra hoses supply air to other equipmentbuoyancy control devices, dry suits, etc.RegulatorsPiston First StageDiaphragmFirst StageSecond stageSecond stageSecond stageSec

5、ond stageWeightsWeightsHumans float in seawaterEspecially in diving suitsWeights offset this extra buoyancyUsually on nylon beltOther systems: harness, integrated in BCDAttaching weight beltsWeights should be secure on beltBelt should be tight around waistDepth gauges and watchesDepth gauges and wat

6、chesKnowing depth and time is essentialOnly way to avoid decompression sicknessGauges and watches must be accurate and reliableWatches should be rated to 100 mMost divers use dive computersRecreational Dive PlanerDiving suitsSuit typesSemi-dry suitsDrysuitsWet suitsProvide insulation through suit ma

7、terialTrap a layer of water against skin, which is warmed by bodyDry suitsone-piece suits with single zip openingBoots attachedHoods are usually separatewater-tight neck and wrist sealsLatex or neopreneDry suitsInsulate through material and/or undersuitstrap a layer of air between diver and waterAir

8、 added/removed through valvesNeoprene dry suitsneoprene: 49 mmprovide built-in insulationare cheap(er) to maintainMembrane suitsThin materialno thermal protectionusually non-stretchRequire insulating undersuitsDry suit sealsNeoprene sealsLong-lastingNon-allergenicForm a less effective seal than late

9、xLatex sealsNeed replacing every 12 yearsMore flexibleForm a tighter sealDry suit zipsRear-entryFront-entryBuoyancy control devicesa.k.a. BCDsprovideface-up flotation at surfacebuoyancy control at depthBCD designInflatable internal bladderdirect-feed hose from regulatorInflation mouthpieceInflate/de

10、flate valvesOverpressure valvesUseful equipmentKnifeTorchDive computerSafety markerKit bagKnivesUseful for cutting out from entanglementsMust be securedlocking sheath or lanyardLine/net cutters are also usefulTorchesUseful forAdding lightReturning colourNight divingDive computersComparatively recent

11、 developmentConstantly recalculate depth and timeHelp to avoid decompression sicknessSafety markersAllow coxswains to track youKeep other boats awayReduce waiting time for boat pick-upKit bagsKeep your kit ship-shape on boardCan be mesh or waterproofUse proper equipment for divingUse proper equipment for diving技术潜水所使用的调节器技术潜水所使用的调节器封闭式调节器/半封闭式调节器原理：二氧化碳吸收，其他气体重新利用优势：没泡泡缺点：贵，贵，贵相关伤害：外伤（因为没泡泡，被船撞）、呼吸道灼伤（二氧化碳吸附剂泄露）、窒息（传感或计算系统失灵）循环式调节器CCR 中