人教版必修二U1CulturalRelicsGrammar定语从句

1、Attributive Clause III定语从句（3）December is a month_.December is a month_ means the end of a year.December is a month _ I like best among 12 months.December is a month _ people will put on thick clothes. which/that which/that/ when/in which一、定语从句的定义：一、定语从句的定义： 用来修饰用来修饰名词名词或或代词代词的从句叫定语从句。被定的从句叫定语从句。被定语从

2、句所修饰的名词或代词叫语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词先行词。定语从句。定语从句一般是由一般是由关系代词关系代词或或关系副词关系副词来引导的。来引导的。Lets review！二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：二、关系代词和关系副词的作用：1、引导作用、引导作用2、替代作用、替代作用3、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用、在定语从句中担当某个成分的作用eg: 1.Those who want to go please sign your names here.关系代词的用法关系代词的用法指人指人指物指物subject (主语主语)object (宾语宾语)attribute（定语）（定语）whomwh

3、owhichthatwhose何时可以省略？何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略做宾语时可以省略Lets review！指代指代所做成分所做成分是否可省略是否可省略whentime时间时间状语状语nowhereplace地点状语地点状语nowhyreason原因状语原因状语no关系副词关系副词Lets review！1. The man lives next door is a writer.2.The woman I visited last week is a famous writer.3. Beijing is the city has got the chance to host the

4、2008 Olympic Games.4. A dictionary is a book you can use to learn more words.5. The little boy eyes are blue is holding a dog.6. The house roof was blown away by the storm will be rebuilt soon. who / thatwho / whom / that/which / that which / that/whosewhose7. I began to work in Beijing in the year

5、_New China was founded.8. Do you know the reason _ he didnt come? why9. I cant remember the place _I put my book.wherewhen1.在下列在下列5种情况种情况下下, 一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something _you can borrow.Ive read all the books _ are not mine. This is the first book _he has read.This is the very b

6、ook _ belongs to him.(1) 当先行词是当先行词是all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词或被等不定代词或被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, few, only等修饰时等修饰时.(2)先行词被先行词被序数词序数词或或形容词最高级形容词最高级修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时修饰时。thatthatthatthatAttention！(4)当先行词当先行词

7、既有人又有物既有人又有物时时, 用关系代词用关系代词thatWe were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools _we had visited there.that(5) 先行词是先行词是who/which或或who/which引导的引导的主句主句。 Who is the girl _drove the car? Who _broke the window will be punished.Which is the book _you bought last week?thatthatthat2.2.关系关系代词指物时只用代词指物时

8、只用whichwhich不用不用thatthat的情况的情况（1 1）在介词之后）在介词之后This is the question about _weve had so much discussion.（2 2）当主句中的主语被）当主句中的主语被thatthat修饰修饰时时 That dog_ I found in the street belongs to Mary.(3) (3) 在非限定性定语从句中必须用在非限定性定语从句中必须用whichwhich不能不能用用thatthat。They have invited me to visit their country, _is very

9、kind of them.Attention！whichwhichwhichAttention！ 3.that和和who在指在指 人的情况下人的情况下一般都可以互一般都可以互换换, 但在下列情况下但在下列情况下, 一般用一般用who而不用而不用that。1.先行词为先行词为those, one, ones, peoples时时 Those who are from Qingdao come this way.2.当先行词是用当先行词是用-body或或-one构成的不定代词构成的不定代词时时Is there anybody else who should be invited 4.关系关系副词都

10、等于一个适当的介词副词都等于一个适当的介词which，在从句中作，在从句中作状语状语When=in/at/on/during+which;Where=in/at/on/+which;Why=for +which 1.Do you still remember the day _we went to visit the museum together? 2.This is the factory _my father once worked. 3.This is the reason _ he was late.Attention！ when/on which where/in which wh

11、y/for which5.关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同成分关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中的不同成分Attention！A. I know a place _ we can have a picnic.I know a place _is famous for its beautiful natural scenery. where which/thatB. I will never forget the days _ we spent our holidays together. I will never forget the days _ we spent together. whi

12、ch/thatwhenC. This is the reason _ he was dismissed.whyThis is the reason _ he explained to me forhis not attending the meeting. which/that 一、一、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 1限制性定语从句是限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。和主句的关系十分

13、密切，写时不用逗号分开。限制性定限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。语从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。如：如：a) What is the name of the tall woman who is standing there? 站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字站在那边的那个女人叫什么名字?b) Toronto is a city (that) I ve always wanted to visit.多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。多伦多是我常想去参观的一个城市。Lets learn！2非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是非限制性定语从句和主句关系不十分密切，只是对先对先行词作些附加

14、的说明行词作些附加的说明, 如果去掉如果去掉, 主句的意思仍然清楚。这主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用不用that引导。引导。非限制性定语从句中，非限制性定语从句中，关系词不可省略关系词不可省略。如：。如：a) Rome, which is the capital of Italy, has a very long history. 意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。意大利的首都罗马历史非常悠久。b) Yesterday I met Professor King, who came from the University of Lo

15、ndon. 昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。昨天我遇见金教授，他从伦敦大学来的。c) He lent me a dictionary, which was just what I needed.他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。他借给我一本词典，这正是我所需要的。3.3.大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，为某一个词或短语，而特殊场合非限制性定语从句而特殊场合非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由常由whichwhich引导。引导。eg. A middl

16、e-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much.一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。一个中年女子杀害了其丈夫，这事令我十分恐惧。析析：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀：从语境可知，令我恐惧的内容应为中年女子杀害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，害了其丈夫这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由此时应由which引导定语从句。引导定语从句。1. Some of the roads were flooded, made our journey more difficult.2. He has

17、 smoothly entered a key middle school, makes his parents very happy. 3. Mr King, legs were badly hurt, was quickly taken to hospital.4. We shall make a decision about Ms King, story I have just told you. 5. He made the same mistakes again, _ made his parents very angry.6. Yesterday I bought a dictio

18、nary, _ cost me more than 100 yuan .7. Mr Smith, _ gave a talk several months ago,will come again.whichwhichwhosewhosewhichwhichwhoLets learn！相同点： as 和 which 都可用作关系代词来引导从句二. as 和 which 的用法 as, which 指代整个句子或短语。由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，相当于and this或and that。在很多时候，表示说话人对话语的看法或态度，此时它们的先行词并不是具体的某个词，而是整个句子或短

19、语：He was late for school，as/which was usual with him.他上学迟到，这是家常便饭。I live a long way from work，as/which you know.我离上班的地方很远，你是知道这一点的。as 的特殊用法：1、如果要说明两者有相似之处时通常用as，表达“正如(情形或事实所表示)的那样、像的一样”的意思。例如：She is a fine singer，as her mother used to be.她是一个很出色的歌唱家，和她母亲当年一样。he is the same age as you (are). 她和你年龄一样大

20、。与the same/such.as 连用As water is to fish, so air is to man. 正如水对鱼一样重要，空气对于人同样重要。3、as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，既可位于所修饰的句子之后，也可位于句中或句首；而由 which引导的非限制性定语从句一般不位于句首。例如： As you will find out，I will never let you down.你将会发现，我绝不会使你失望的。2、as常与从句中的know，see， hear，expect等动词连用，也常用于as often happen,as is often the case(常有

21、的事)等句子中。As you know, he is from Beijing. 正如你所知道的，他来自北京。 As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. 1.Such people _you describe are rare nowadays.2.Lets discuss only such questions _concern every one of us.3.Would you please buy me the same novel _you bought for broth

22、er yesterday, Mum?4. _we all know, John is an honest man.5.He was a foreigner，_ I knew from his accent. asasasAs常用于常用于as is known to all, as you know, as is expected，the sameas, suchas, asas, soas 句型中，句型中，as不可省略不可省略 which/as核心归纳活学活用1)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon _school e

23、ducation depends.2)The books on the desk, covers are shiny,are prizes for us.3)Opposite is St.Pauls Church, you can hear some lovely music.4)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.5)Creating an atmosphere employees fe

24、el part of a team is a big challenge.which whose where which where 核心归纳6)Wind power(风能) is an ancient source of energy we may return in the near future.7)The settlement(定居区) is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of left their village homes for a better life in the city.8)In China,the number of cities

25、is increasing _development is recognized (认可) across the world.9) is known to all,the sun rises in the east.10)Peter has many friends,few can help him.11) is often the case in science,there is no simple answer.12)Thats the new machine parts are too small to be seen.to which whom whose As of whom As whose 核心归纳13)The school shop, customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays.14)Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of_ she spo