六西格玛节选流程图关注函数质量屋PPT课件

1、一、绘制生产流程图 The first key six sigma tool is process mapping,used during the Define and measure phases.The purpose is to develop an accurate,comprehensive picture of the entire process .Process mapping is an integrally important tool that helps you understand every aspect of every input and output. It

2、helps you document the process so that you can understand it more thoroughly,maintain control over what you change,and reduce variations as they arise over time. 六西格玛方法中第一个主要的工具就是定义和测量阶段所使用的生产流程图，目的是形成一个有关整个生产过程的准确而全面的图像景象。生产流程图是一个不可或缺的重要工具，它有助于你理解每个投入与产出的不同方面，有助于你记录生产过程，这样你就可以对它有全面的了解，维持和控制你所作出的改变，

3、出现差异时也能降低差异。第1页/共24页 The procedure for mapping a process is very simple but extensive: list all the inputs and the outputs-all the steps,all the cycle times,and so on. 绘制生产流程图这一步骤是非常简单但是要非常详尽：列出所有的投入和产出，所有步骤、所有周期时间等等。 第2页/共24页 As you start mapping processes, identify the value-added and the non-valu

4、e-added factors inside the steps.List and classify each step in this context-digging deeper and deeper to ensure that you have documented every factor affecting each step in the process. 在你开始绘制生产流程图时，找出每个步骤中增值与非增值的要素。按照这种方式列出每一个生产步骤并逐步深入的对其分类，确保你已经记录了的生产过程中影响每一个步骤的每一个因素。 第3页/共24页 Once you know all t

5、he inputs and factors,you can then designate them as external or internal and determine whether their effect is good or bad.You can then layer on operating specifications and ask about the targeted specs for the particular process. 在你知道了所有的投入和所有的要素之后，你就可以将其分为外部和内部因素，确定他们的影响是正面的还是负面的。接下来就可以对操作的规格水平进行

6、分层处理，询问特定生产过程的目标规格水平是多少。 第4页/共24页 The standart tool is a flowchart,a schema to showoperations,decisionpoints,delays,movements,handoffs,rework loops,and controls or inspections.By breaking down the process into steps,the flowchart makes it easier to analyze.As you map your process,ask two key questio

7、ns:for every step,ask why you do it and how you know you are doing it right. 可以利用的标准的工具就是流程图，这是显示经营活动、决策点、延误、物料移动、传递、循环以及控制或者监督情况的图表。流程图通过将生产过程分解成生产步骤，使生产过程更易于分析。在你绘制生产过程图时，要问两个主要的问题：对每一生产步骤而言，你为什么这样做，以及你怎么知道你这样做是正确的。 第5页/共24页一、绘制生产流程图 Process maps keeps critical team members and resources focused a

8、nd involved and help them identify the benefits and opportunities of attacking the bottlenecks,capital constraints,or other material problems. 绘制生产流程图使主要团队成员的精力更加集中，使得资源更加易于管理。它有助于团队成员理解解决瓶颈、资金，或者其他资料问题可能带来的机会和收益。 第6页/共24页 StopStart checkDrain old oilPour in new oilInstall new filterRemove old oil f

9、ilter 3000miles since last oil change?NoYesIs crankcase now full?Start engine and circulate oilDoneYesNoDiamond stands for decision stepBlock stands for process step A simple process map (or flowchart) showing the process for changing oil in a car第7页/共24页 停止开始检查排干旧油注入新油安装新的滤油器移除旧的滤油器上次加油后行驶了3000英里？N

10、o是的曲轴箱现在装满了吗？启动发动机使油开始循环结束是的没有菱形代表 决策步骤方框代表生产步骤 演示汽车更换滑润油过程的简单流程图第8页/共24页 Here are three basic rules for mapping processes: List every step and every input and output:Consult with people close to the process.Break it down into all of its components-operations,decision points,delays,movements,handoff

11、s,rework loops,and controls or inspections. Identify every factor as value-added or non-value-added:What activities are essential to transforming inputs into outputs to meet customer requirements?What activities are not essential? For every step,ask two key questions:Why do we do it?How do we know w

12、e are doing it right? 第9页/共24页 下面是绘制生产流程图的三个基本原则： 列出每一个生产步骤、每一个投入物和产出物：咨询生产一线人员，将生产过程分解为一个个要点经营活动、决策点、延误、物料移动、传递、循环以及控制或监控。 以增值与非增值为标准区分每个要素：哪些活动对将投入物转化为能够满足顾客需要的产出物而言是必需的？哪些是不必要的？ 对于每一个生产步骤，提出这样两个主要问题：我们为什么这样做？我们怎么知道这样做是正确的？ 第10页/共24页 “A process map is a living document:it helps you document the pr

13、ocess so you can maintain control over what you change and be alert for variations as they start to pop up over time.” 生产流程图是一个“活的”文件，它有助于你记录生产过程，这样你就可以维持和控制你做出的改变，密切关注那些随着时间的推移可能会突然出现的差异。 第11页/共24页二、关注函数 The XY matrix is used in the Measure phase to link your customers critical-to-quality(CTQ) requ

14、irements to your process inputs,to ensure you have the right priorities for improving the process. 测量阶段所使用的XY矩阵，目的在于使顾客的关键质量点与生产过程的投入要素结合起来，以确保在改进生产过程方面你优先考虑的因素是正确的。 第12页/共24页二、关注函数 This matrix,also called a CTQ matrix,enables you and your project team to study and understand the relationship betwee

15、n what you are putting into a process and what your customers are getting out of it.It allows the team to identify gaps-areas for improvement. 这个矩阵也称为CTQ矩阵，让你和你的团队成员能够学习、理解生产过程的投入变量与顾客要求的产出之间的关系。这也使得团队成员能找出差距需要改进的领域。 第13页/共24页 Greate a matrix with enough columns for the input variables(Xs)and enough

16、 rows fou the output variables that are functions of those inputs(Ys).Across the top ,label a column fou each X. Down the left side,label a row fou each Y. Then have the team members,by consensus,rate each output on a scale of 1 to 10 in teams of its importance to customers, based on information fro

17、m customers. Next, have them rate, by consensus, each of the input variables in terms of its effect on each of the output variables, using the same scale. Finally,they multiply the ratings to identify the input factors that most affect the outcomes that matter most to your customers. 第14页/共24页 创造这样的

18、一个矩阵，要有足够的行容纳投入变量（X），足够的列容纳产出变量（Y）它是投入变量的函数。在顶端，在行上标记一个X值。在左下方，在列上标记一个Y值。在达成共识后，要求小组成员根据每一个产出物对顾客的重要程度（以从顾客处收集到的信息为基础）从1到10对其进行排序。然后在达成共识后，要求小组成员根据每一个投入变量对产出物的影响程度按照相同的尺度进行排序。接下来，将上述等级水平相乘，找出那些对产出物影响最大的投入变量；这些产出物的关键质量特征也是顾客最为关注的。第15页/共24页 The XY matrix enables you to prioritize input variables throu

19、gh disciplined thinking about customer priorities and the Y=f(x) transfer function. The XY matrix is a directional tool; it shows which variables you think are the most important so you can measure them to confirm or refute your suspicions. 通过审慎考量顾客优先考虑的因素以及转移函数Y=f(x) Y=f(x) ，XYXY举证将使你在安排投入变量方面能够分清轻

20、重缓急，合理部署。XYXY矩阵式一个能够标识方向的工具，它显示了哪些变量是你认为最重要的，这样你就可以对其进行测量从而验证或者推翻你的猜测。第16页/共24页二、关注函数 A variation of this XY matrix is the House of Quality,which adds a triangle to the top of the matrix,for correlating every input with every other input. Quality function deployment uses a series of these houses. XY

21、矩阵的一个变种就是质量屋。它在矩阵的上方增加了一个三角形，目的是演示每一个投入变量和其他每一个投入变量之间的相关性。质量函数运用了一系列这种质量屋。第17页/共24页 An XY or CTQ matrix, a simple example of a ballpoint pen and the connection Between design and customer requirements第18页/共24页 一个XY或者CTQ矩阵，以圆珠笔及其设计和顾客要求之间的关系为例相关性矩阵相关性矩阵符号说明较强的正相关性正相关性负相关性较强的负相关性设计要求重要性排序质量/顾客要求易于把握笔油

22、易于流动不受油污较大的笔油容量圆珠球自由书写度金属笔筒笔油的粘度圆珠球的硬度重要性权重关系矩阵符号说明较强的相关性=9中等强度的相关性=6较小强度的相关性=3关系矩阵第19页/共24页 Here are three basic principles for using an XY matrix: Emphasize disciplined thinking: The XY matrix works to the extent that team members focus on each of the variables and on the relationship among them. Promote collaboration: The XY matrix works best when team members pool their knowledge and experiences to rate the variab