商务英语综合教程unitPPT课件

1、The Business of English The development of English The difference between American English and British English The influence of English 第1页/共65页Research and discussion Julius Caesar Duke of Normandy Old English Latin French Middle English A Table Alphabeticall Samuel Johnson Webster Oxford 第2页/共65页T

2、he difference between BE and AE spelling pronunciation vocabulary grammar第3页/共65页Spelling programme catalogue honour theatre offense recognise marvellous reflexion program catalog honor theater offence recognize marvelous reflection第4页/共65页 aesthetic sceptical cheque moustache pyjamas likeable judge

3、ment esthetic skeptical check mustache pajamas likable judgment第5页/共65页Pronounciation British EnglishAmerican EnglishaskskskdancednsdnsfastfstfstpathppcantkntkntBritish EnglishAmerican Englishboxbksbkscropkrpkrphoththtspotsptsptironicarnkarnk第6页/共65页 British EnglishAmerican Englishcarka:kardoorddrpa

4、rtyptprtiboardbdbrdmorningmnmrnBritish EnglishAmerican Englishdictionarydk()n()rdknrilaboratorylbr,t()r lbrtrinecessarily ness()rl,nssrlipreparatoryprprt()rprprtrisecretarysekrt()r skrtr第7页/共65页British EnglishAmerican Englishfertileftalftlfragilefrdal frdlhostilehstalhstlmissilemsalmsl第8页/共65页Britis

5、h EnglishAmerican Englishclerkklkklrkeitherairfigurefgfjissuesjuuleisureleli:neithernani:scheduleedjulskdul第9页/共65页Grammar Tense Subjunctive mood Collective nouns Modal verbs Prepositions第10页/共65页British EnglishAmerican EnglishIve just had lunch.I just had lunch.Have you washed your hands?Did you wa

6、sh your hands?British EnglishAmerican EnglishShe suggested that he should quit smoking.She suggested that he quit smoking.The judge ordered that the money should be returned at once.The judge ordered that the money be returned at once.第11页/共65页British EnglishAmerican EnglishThe team are excited. The

7、 team is excited.The government are announcing an important decision.The government is announcing an important decision.British EnglishAmerican EnglishShe dared not stay in the dark.She didnt dare to stay in the dark.You neednt go with them.You dont need to go with them.第12页/共65页British EnglishAmeri

8、can Englishat the weekendon the weekendat homehomeThe doctor felt of my pulse.The doctor felt my pulse.The play opens on Thursday.The play opens Thursday.Ill write to him.Ill write him.第13页/共65页Formatting of dates and numbersBritish EnglishAmerican English20th March, 2015March 20, 2015One hundred an

9、d seventy fiveOne hundred seventy five第14页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ias many: of the same numberThere wont be as many fireworks this year. More than one hundred American colleges and universities now have educational exchanges with nearly as ma

10、ny Chinese institutions. not as many as we had last year or previous yearswith more or less 100 Chinese institutions第15页/共65页be exposed to1. Make (something) visible by uncovering ite.g. At low tide the sands are exposed.e.g. we need to expose our weaknesses in order to learn fromthem and grow as a

11、result.2. Reveal the true, objectionable nature of (someone or something)e.g. He has been exposed as a liar and a traitor.第16页/共65页3. If someone is exposed to something dangerous or unpleasant, they are put in a situation in which it might affect them.e.g. Most people in the world are non-smokers an

12、d have a right not to be exposed to other peoples smoke.4. If someone is exposed to an idea or feeling, usually a new one, they are given experience of it, or introduced to it.e.g. He wants his children to be exposed to all sorts of people with different values and beliefs.第17页/共65页Detailed ReadingD

13、etailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Iproficient: a. to be proficient in stha proficient speakerAnt.Ant. clumsy, incompetent, unskilledn n. . proficienproficienc cy y proficiency in musicCan you name some common proficiency tests in China?第18页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed Read

14、ingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT ITruly, the tongue spoken back in the 1300s only by the “low people” of England has come a long way.Paraphrase the sentence. Indeed, the language spoken as early as 1300s by the native people in England has developed for a long time.people of the lower

15、 class, those who were at the bottom of the society第19页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundWhat do these languages have to do with English Romance, Germanic, Norse, Celtic?The English language derives from or is influenced by them. Romance:e.g. French, Italian, Spa

16、nish, PortugueseGermanic:e.g. German, SwedishNorse: language spoken by Scandinavian inhabitantsCeltic: mainly spoken in Wales, Scotland, Ireland, Cornwall and the Isle of ManTEXT ITEXT I第20页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IBut its elasticity makes it

17、 messier, as well as stronger.What represents the elasticity of English?e.g. It absorbs words from other languages and accepts created ones, thus a much larger vocabulary than many languages. In its history, it accepts, both in spoken and written form, influences from other languages, religion, law

18、and science. flexibility, adaptability第21页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IHow does the elasticity of English make it messier and stronger?messier: There are many varieties of English,differences among them in pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and s

19、o on, which can be very confusing sometimes.Stronger: English can be used in many fields and so itbecomes a lingual franca, and enjoys a dominant status.第22页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IWhen it comes to saving the planet do celebrities practice w

20、hat they preach?When it comes to renting or buying, youll spend about the same amount.When it comes to as regardsn.b.n.b. “to” is not followed by an infinitive, but a noun or noun phrase.第23页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ibarrier: n. ( to)obstaclel

21、anguage barrier, trade barrierto remove barriers to successset barriers to communicationSyn.Syn. obstaclehindrance第24页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ia host ofa great number ofa host of billsa host of new devicesOther similar phrases: a crowd of, a

22、throng of, a swarm of(ants, bees, locusts), a flock of (sheep, birds), 第25页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IAngst-free: a.without anger or worryWord Formation Word Formation -free: not containing a specified substance (often used in combination)tax-f

23、ree, a sugar-free soft drinklaisser-faire attitude:laisser-faire often refers to the principles of free trade, allowing for freedom to a great degree. Here it means hardly any restriction in the use and development of English.第26页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroun

24、dTEXT ITEXT Ito see a committee set up to regulate the languageto see done: to make sureYou will see the work done properly.He is always the last to go to bed to see all the doors locked.第27页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ito have little to do with:

25、Other similar phrases: to have everything to do withto have something to do withto have much to do withto have nothing to do with第28页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT ITranslate the following sentences.1. If you throw the ball thus, as Im showing you,

26、youll have better luck hitting the target. 如果你像我这样扔球，命中的机会更大些。2. I have all the tools I need. Thus I should be able to fix the bike myself. 我有所有必要工具所以应该自己把自行车修好。3. Register your phone right after purchase thus enabling us to provide you even better service in case of questions or in case of a warran

27、ty claim. 购 买 后 请 立 即 登 记 你 的 电 话 ， 以 使 我 们 在 你 万 一 提 出 保 修 要求时能提供更好的服务。tr.tr.tr.tr.tr.tr.第29页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Iall-engulfing:all-knowing:knowing everythingall-important: of greatest importanceall-powerful:having unlimited powerengulf：

28、 If one thing engulfs another, it completely covers or hides it, often in a sudden and unexpected way.e.g. A seven-year-old boy was found dead after a landslide engulfed an apartment block.第30页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IParaphrase the sentence.

29、 though the language that now sweeps the world is called English, the culture carried with it is American.Different from the history of English when English was spread through the power of the British Empire, now it is spread through the culture of a different powerful country the USA.Americanizatio

30、n is equivalent to globalization to a large extent.第31页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Iaspire: v. (to)desire, hopeHuman beings have the power to accomplish whatever they intensely aspire to accomplish, provided they adhere to the method advocated.n.

31、 aspiration What is the life-long aspiration of the football player?a. aspiring ambitiousToday, e-learning is turning out to be a great business proposition for the aspiring entrepreneurs.第32页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IAs the 20th century drew

32、on, however, and English continued to encroach, French was driven on to the defensive.Paraphrase the sentence. As the 20th century was approaching, and English kept on expanding beyond limits, French was put in a cornered position, having to fight for protection.to advance beyond proper, established

33、, or usual limits第33页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Igo into effectto become effectiveThe new tax laws wont go into effect until next year.Other uses of effect:To bring/put/carry a plan into effect 使一个计划付诸实施She disapproved of the proposal and wrote

34、to that effect. 她不赞成此提议，并以书面形式表达此意。His silence was in effect a confirmation of the rumor. 他的沉默实际上是证实了谣言。The prescribed medicine failed to take effect. 医生开的药没能起作用。第34页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Ioblige: v. (to)The storm got worse and worse. Final

35、ly, I was obliged to abandon the car and continue on foot.n. obligation When teachers assign homework, students usually feel an obligation to do it. The United States will do that which is necessary to meet its obligations to its own citizens.If you are obliged to do something, a situation, rule, or

36、 law makes it necessary for you to do that thing.第35页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IIn India some people see English as an oppressive legacy of colonialism that should be exterminated.Paraphrase the sentence. India was once regarded as the Jewel in

37、 the Crown of the British Empire. People in India would think the English language reminds them of the period of colonialism, which should be wiped out.第36页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IBut for many peoples the triumph of English is the defeat, if

38、 not outright destruction, of their own language.Paraphrase the sentence. But for many peoples the success or the wide spread of English means the defeat, if not a complete extinction, of their own language.第37页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundWhat is homogenisa

39、tion?Homogenization, a word used in many fields, means making everything the same. This text uses the term to refer to homogenization of language, to show that English has become the dominant language of the world while at the same time many other languages face extinction.TEXT ITEXT Ihomo- : being

40、the same or likehomonym homophonehomographhomogenoushomogenizehomosexual同音同形异义词同音词同形异义词同质的，同类的使类同同性恋的，同性恋者第38页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Imultilingualism: n.using or able to speak several or many languages with some facilitya. multilinguala mult

41、ilingual dictionarya multilingual personWord Formation (prefix) many, much relating to languagemulti lingualmultinational, multi-colored, multimediamultiply: v. 第39页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundListeningListeningDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWhat are these rhetorical devices: humor, metaphors, analogi

42、es, and literary allusions?humor:TEXT IITEXT IIbeing funny, the speech or writing with ingenuity, verbal skill, or incongruity that may evoke laughtermetaphor: a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action that it does not literally denote in order to imply a resembl

43、anceanalogy:a comparison between two situations, processes etc that is intended to show that the two are similarHe uses the analogy of the family to explain the role of the state.An analogy attributed to Samuel Johnson is: “Dictionaries are like watches; the worst is better than none, and the best c

44、annot be expected to go quite true.”第40页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundListeningListeningDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingTEXT IITEXT IIl i t e r a r y allusion:a figure of speech that makes a reference to, or representation of, a place, event, literary work, myth, or work of art, either directly or by imp

45、lication.In the stock market, he met his Waterloo.Martin Luther King, Jr., alluded to the Gettysburg Address in starting his I Have a Dream speech by saying Five score years ago.; his hearers were immediately reminded of Abraham Lincolns Four score and seven years ago, which opened the Gettysburg Ad

46、dress. Kings allusion effectively called up parallels in two historic moments.第41页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT Icircumlocution: n.an indirect way of speaking, roundabout, ambiguousWord Formation (prefix) round about, aroundcircum locutiona particu

47、lar form of expression; a word, phrase, expression, or idiom, especially as used by a particular person, group, etc.第42页/共65页Detailed ReadingDetailed ReadingWarm-upWarm-upBackgroundBackgroundTEXT ITEXT IOther words starting with circum-circum+vent: to go around or bypasscomecircum+spect: cautiousloo

48、kcircum+scribe: draw a line aroundwrite第43页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundGroup AssignmentGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingThe story of the tower of Babel is found in Genesis 11:1-9: “And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and

49、 a tower, whose top may reach onto heavenAnd the Lord said, Behold, the people is one, and have all one language; and this they begin to do; and nothing will be restrained from themlet us go down and there confound their language that they may not understand one anothers speechTherefore is the name

50、of it called Babel”.What do you know about the story of the Babel?TEXT IIITEXT III第44页/共65页第45页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundGroup AssignmentGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingHere the tower is a symbol of mans aspiring arrogance, rebuked by God. Babel in modern English simply means a noisy

51、confusion.What does the tower of Babel refer to?TEXT IIITEXT III第46页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundGroup AssignmentGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingTEXT IIITEXT IIImanage: v.(used with object)1) to bring about or succeed in accomplishing, sometimes despite difficulty or hardshipTranslate th

52、e following sentences.tr.工作和家庭都需要付出很多，她怎么都能做得这么好？Work and Family are big commitments. How does she manage it all?tr.尽管两人没有见过面，但是他们还是从人群中找出了对方。Although they have never met, they managed to identify each other among the crowds.第47页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundGroup AssignmentGroup AssignmentDetailed Readi

53、ngDetailed ReadingTEXT IIITEXT III2) to take charge or care ofTranslate the following sentence.tr.他决定自己来掌管投资事物。He decided to manage his investments by himself.3) to handle, direct, govern, or control in action or useTranslate the following sentence.tr.对于经验不足的水手来说，在大风中控制好船帆是很困难的事。For less experienced

54、 sailors it is difficult to manage the sail in strong winds.第48页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundGroup AssignmentGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingTEXT IIITEXT III(used without object)4) to continue to function, progress, or succeed, usually despite hardship or difficulty; get alongTranslate t

55、he following sentences.tr.这是艰苦的年代，但是我们挺过来了。It was a rough time, but we managed.tr.他的太太要出差了，他既要接送小孩还要买菜做饭。他怎么办啊？His wife will be away on business, so he has to send and pick up the kids and do the shopping. How will he manage?第49页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundGroup AssignmentGroup AssignmentDetailed Readi

56、ngDetailed ReadingTEXT IIITEXT IIIperceptively: adv.keenly, sensitivelyOther forms of the word:对问题深入透彻的分析a perceptive analysis of the problems involvedperceptive: a. having or showing keenness of insight, understandina. g, or intuition察觉到危险临近perceive the approach of threatperceive: v. to be aware of

57、, know在能预见到的未来in the perceivable futureperceivable: a. can be perceived, can be seen第50页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundGroup AssignmentGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingTEXT IIITEXT IIIfilter out: to remove or separate sth by the action of a filterThe software magnate has almost an entire de

58、partment working to filter out unwanted mails.filter out the dirt过滤出脏东西 filter out impurities 滤除杂质 第51页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundGroup AssignmentGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingTEXT IIITEXT IIILondons rich linguistic medley passes through, and is connected by, English but since the En

59、glish dont speak different languages, cosmopolitanism is in London but not really of it.Can you paraphrase the sentence?In London there is a large variety of languages used, together with English, and is connected by this common language. But the English people can speak only one language, so London

60、 is not a real international city although it appears or sounds so.第52页/共65页BackgroundBackgroundGroup AssignmentGroup AssignmentDetailed ReadingDetailed ReadingTEXT IIITEXT IIINow, above all, what once sounded like a joyous babel can take on a more sinister ring.Can you paraphrase the sentence?The s