七年级英语下册语法总结

1、学习必备欢迎下载七年级英语下册语法总结一、一般现在时1. 构成：主语 +动词 +其他2. 标志词： always, usually, often, sometimes, never,等频率副词。3. 否定句： 1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, should等在其后加 not e.g. I can t play football.2)当是实义动词时加助动词 don t/doesn t 后跟动词原形e.g. I dont like football. She doesnt like football. 4. 疑问句： 1)当动词是 be, can, may, must, sho

2、uld等将其提前e.g. Can you swim?2)当是实义动词时将助动词do/does 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原形。e.g. Does she like football?5. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句e.gWhen does she usually get up inthe morning? 二、现在进行时1. 构成：主语 +be+doing+其他 2. 动词动词 -ing 变化规律：1）一般情况下直接加 -ing, eg. Working2）以不发音 e 结尾的去 e 加 -ing, eg. Taking3）以辅音字母 +元音字母 +辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节， 双写末尾辅

3、音字母加 -ing,eg. Stopping4）特殊变化 , lie lying3. 标志词： look, listen, now, at the moment, it soclock4. 否定句： be 动词后加 note.g. She is not listening to music.5. 疑问句：将 be 动词提前e.g . Is she listening to music?6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句 e.g What is she doing now?三、将来时1. 构成：主语 +be going to+动词原形主语 will 动词原形2. 标志词： tomorro

4、w, next day/month/year 等表示将来的时间3. 否定句： be 动词后加 not ； will 后加 note.g. He is not going to have a piano lesson this weekend.He will not have a piano lesson this weekend.4. 疑问句：将 be 动词提前；将 will 提前e.g.Is he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?Will he going to have a piano lesson this weekend?5. 特殊疑

5、问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What are you going to do tomorrow?What will you do tomorrow?四、过去时1. 构成：主语 +动词过去时 +其他2. 标志词： yesterday, just now, ago, this morning, when I was young,last等3. 动词动词过去式变化规律：1）一般动词结尾加 -ed, e.g. Walkwalked2）以字母 e 结尾的动词加 - d, e.g. Live-lived学习必备欢迎下载3）以辅音字母加 y 结尾的变 y 为 i 加-ed, e.g. Hurryhurrie

6、d4）以辅音字母 +元音字母 +辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节， 双写末尾辅音字母加 -ed, eg. Stop stopped 特殊变化详见课本 P1724. 否定句： 1）动词 be 过去式后直接加 note.g. I was not in Chengdu last year.2) 当是实义动词时，加助动词 didnt 后跟动词原形 e.g. I didnt telephone my parents yesterday.5. 疑问句： 1) 动词 be 过去式提前e.g. Were you in Chengdu last year?2) 当是实义动词时将助动词 did 放在前面，后跟主语和动词原

7、形e.g. Did you telephone my parents yesterday?6. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词 +一般疑问句 e.g What did you do yesterday?五、形容词、副词比较级，最高级1. 形容词（ 1）在句子中做定语，一般放在名词之前。但是当形容词修饰something,somebody, anything, anybody, nothing, nobody 时，要放于其后。e.g. I have aninteresting book.There is nothing serious.(2) 作表语，放在系动词之后。e.g. This kind of

8、dress is expensive.(3) 以 a-开头的形容词，一般在句子中只能作表语。 e.g. Keep quiet! My baby is asleep in the room.(4) 作宾语补足语，放在宾语之后。e.g. The good news makes us very happy.2. 副词副词在句子中主要做状语，可以修饰动词、形容词、副词。修饰动词时，一般放在行为动词之后；修饰形容词时，一般放在形容词之前；表示时间、地点的副词一般放在句末或句首； 频度副词一般放在行为动词之前。cant hear you clearly.e.g. I3. 比较级用法（ 1）可以单独使用 e

9、g. I hope to do better in English.（ 2）和 than 一起用 eg. Zhang Jun is stronger than Lin Tao.（ 3）其他几种用法a. 两者比较，哪一个更怎么样？Who/Which + be+比较级，A or B?e.g. Who did better, Lucy or Lily?b. 用比较级形式表达最高级意义比较级 +than any other+n.+比较级范围（ in/of ） =比较级 +than any of the others+ in/of =比较级 +than the other+n.+in/of (在同一范围

10、内比较 ) 比较级 +than any + n.+ in/of (在两个不同范围内比较 ) e.g. Kate is more careful than any other girl in our class Shanghai is bigger than any city in Shangdong Province.c. 越来越怎么样？比较级+and+比较级e.g. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.d. 有范围的两者之间的比较用 the+形容词比较级 +of the two eg. My mother is the busier o

11、f the two.e. 用来修饰比较级的副词有：much/ far/ lots/ a lot; a litter; even;still等学习必备欢迎下载4. 最高级用法 用来对三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较， 形容词的最高级前必须加定冠词 the, 副词前的 the 可以省略。a. 最高级 +范围eg. Changjian is the longest river in China.b. 主语 +be+one of the+形容词最高级 +名词复数 +比较级范围（of/in 短语），表示最的之一。 eg. Yang Liwei is one of the most famous hero

12、es in China. c. 主语 +be+the+序数词 +形容词最高级 +单数名词 +比较范围，表示是的第几。 eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.八年级上册语法复习一、行为动词的一般过去时1、过去式的构成规则（1）一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed.如： want wanted（2）以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，去掉e 再加 -ed.如： hope hoped（3）重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed.如： stop stopped（4）以辅音字母 +y 结尾的动词改y 为 i，再加 -ed. 如

13、： study studied注意：不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。2、实义动词过去式的句式。肯定式：主语+动词过去式 +其它。如： They had a good time yesterday.否定式： 主语 +did not（ didn t）+动词原形 +其它。如： They didnt watch TV last night.一般疑问句：Did+主语 +动词原形 +其它？肯定回答： Yes，主语 +did.否定回答： No，主语 +didn t.two days ago？Yes， they did. / No ， they didn t.特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语 +动词原形 +其

14、它？如：Did they have a meeting如： What timedid youfinish your homework？3一般过去时的用法：a.主要用于过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。My father worked in Shanghai last year.b.表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常与I often went to school on foot.c.与 when 等连词引导的状语从句连用。often ，always 等When he got home表示频度的时间状语连用。， he had a short rest.4一般过去时的时间状语：a moment ago （

15、刚才）， yesterday morning ， last night/ week ，学习必备欢迎下载the day before yesterday （前天）， just now （刚才），in 2006, three days ago 等对应练习：用所给动词的正确形式填空1. I _ ( go) to school yesterday.2. She_ ( play ) football last week.3. Look! Jack _ ( sing ) now.4.You_(read)the new paper the day before yesterday.5. I _ ( see

16、) Jack in the zoo last weekend.6. I _ (do) my homework last night7.She _(open)the mailbox the day after tomorrow.8. I _ ( help ) the little baby drink the milk the next morning.9. The farmers _ (work) on the farm next week.10. My parents_ ( watch) TV last Monday. 句型转换1.I went to the party last Frida

17、y. （改为一般疑问句）_ you _ to the party lastFriday?2.I had a nice time last Sunday. （改为一般疑问句）_ you _ nice time lastSunday?3.We went to London two years ago.（对划线部分提问） _ _ you_ toLondon?4.He did his homework in the morning.（改为否定句）He_ _ his homework inthe morning.二、 现在完成时谓语构成：助动词 have / has +动词的过去分词 用法：（1）表示过

18、去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与 already ( 已经 ), ever (曾经 ),yet ,just(刚刚 ),before ( 以前 ) 等词连用。（2）表示过去发生的动作持续到了现在，常与 for 或 since 引导的时间状语连用。标志词：（ 1） just ， never ，ever， already ， yet 等（2）for 一段时间； since点时间或引导时间状语从句（一般多为过去时（ 3）so far(到目前为止 )； in the past/last 表示一段时间的词语各种句式结构：肯定式：主语 +have/has+ 过去分词 +其他e.gI have liv

19、ed here for ten years.Lucy has lived here since 2001.否定式：主语 +haven t/hasn t+过去分词 +其他e.g一般疑问句： Have/Has+主语 +过去分词 +其他？e.g特殊疑问句： 疑问词 +have/has+ 主语 +过去分词 +其他？习：写出下列动词的过去分词形式：They haven thad breakfast yet.Have you ever been to Beijing?e.gHow long has he lived here?练1、 see2 、 hear 3 、 study 4、stop 5、 writ

20、e 6、 teach7 、 catch 8 、 go9 、 play 10、 live 11、 make12、 forget (一 )考查现在完成时的一般用法()1 Kitty, will you go to see the film ColdMountain this evening? No ，I wont I_it already AsawB have seenCseeD will see( )2.Gone with the Wind is a well known novel She_ it twice A readB is学习必备欢迎下载readingC readsD has read

21、about two years so far A. have; studiedB. did; liveC. do; stayD. havechanged()3How long_ you_ here? For（二）考查非延续性动词与一段时间连用的表达方式()1 OhMrsking, your dress looks nice Is it new? No，I_ it since two yearsago.AhadBhave hadCbought D have bought ()2Jeff borrowed a history book fromhis friend He_it for a week

22、 A has borrowedB.haslentC.haskeptD lend()3.The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer_for half an hourAhas leftB has goneC. has been awayD. has gone away(三 )考查 have has been to ， have has gone to 与 have has been in 的区别()1 Where's your father? He_ Shanghai He ll be back next week Ahas

23、gone toBhas been toC have gone toDhave been to()2 Where is David? He_to England on business Ais goingB has goneC has beenDgoes()3. _you ever_ to the United States? -Yes, twiceA Have; gone B Have; beenC Do； go D Were; going(四 )考查 for与 since 接时间状语时的区别()1 Whata nice dog! How long have you hadit? -_two

24、yearsA ForB SinceC. In ()2 Miss Gao has taught in this school_ 1993 A. forB atC inD since(五 )考查现在完成时与一般过去时的区别()1 -He has already gone to England -When_ he_ there?A will; goB is; going C did; goD has; gone()2 Have you read this book? yes, I_it two weeks ago. A am reading B have readCwill readD read(六

25、 )现在完成时在特定语境下的使用()1 Helen，I told you to do your home-work as carefully as you can? Yes，but I fewer mistakes than I usually do A was making B have made C will make D had made ()2 Has the match started? Started? Finished！Guo Yue_A is winningB winsC will winD has won()3. Xiao Wang_ English for thirteen

26、years. So he can speak quite good English. A. hadlearnedB. has learnedC. willbe learningD. learns ()4. Thefilm_for half an hour.A. has begunB. has been begunC. has been onD. began()5. You don t have to describe her. I_her severaltimes.A. had metB. have metC. meetD. met()6. Miss Yang is not at home.

27、She_to the school library.A. wentB. has been学习必备欢迎下载C. goesD. has gone()7. He has never visited the Great Hall of the People._?A. hasn t heB. has heC. does heD. doesn t he三、过去进行时谓语构成 : was/were+现在分词V-ing用法：表示在过去的某一时间正在进行的动作或存在的状态时间状语： at this time yesterday（昨天这个时候）at that time last week （上周那个时候）at n

28、ine yesterday evening（昨晚九点时）from seven to ten last night（昨晚从七点到十点） 等， when 或 while 引导时间状语从句的主、从复合句。e.gI was reading a newspaper when he came in While I was walking home, I met Mr Green.My father was reading a newspaper while my mother was他进来时，我正在看报。我步行回家时遇到了格林先生.cooking.妈妈做饭时爸爸在看报。注： while引导时间状语从句的主

29、、从复合句，两个过去进行时并用，表示动作同时发生。各种句式结构 :肯定式：主语 +was/ were +v-ing + 其它e.gHe was sleeping when she arrived. 她到达时他正在睡觉。否定式：主语 + was were not +v- ing+ 其它e.gThey weren t planting trees at nine yesterday . 昨天早上九点他们不在植树。一般疑问句： Was Were+主语 +v-ing +其它 ?e.gWas he playing football when you rang me? 你打电话给我时 他正在踢足球吗 ?

30、特殊疑问句:疑问词 +was were+ 主语 +v -ing +其它 ?e.gWhat was Peter doing at this time last week?上周这个时候彼特在于什么?练习：用 was/were 填空 :1、Ilistening to the music.2 、Sheplaying the piano.3、Theylooking at the flowers.4、 Wehaving a picnic.5、Lingling watching TV.6、 Two boysreading book.7、Your uncle and aunt visiting the Gre

31、at Wall. 8 、 Everyone having lunch.9、Peopleworking on the farm.10、 Some women singing pop music.用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.You_ (have) a meeting at 9 last Monday morning 2.They_ (play)football when I passed 3.She_ (take)a walk when we had a talk 4._they _ (try)to draw horses on the blackboard when the teacher c

32、ame in?5. The students _ (1isten)to the teacher carefully while he was teaching。四、反意疑问句语法归纳1、概念：当我们陈述一个事实，而又不是很有把握，就可以在陈述句后加称为反意疑问句。意义：相当于中文的“, 对吧 /是吧 ?”一 个简短问句，构成：陈述句 +简短问句【助动词/ 系动词 be/ 情态动词 +主语（代词）】规律：陈述句是肯定的，简短问句用否定形式；而陈述句是否定的，简短问句就用肯定形式；（前肯后否，前否后肯）。学习必备欢迎下载2、祈使句用于反意疑问句中这种类型较特殊，前一部分是祈使句，后一部分是肯定疑问

33、形式。句型 1: Lets+动词原形 +其它， shall we?例：Lets go for a walk, shall we?而Letus go for a walk, will you?句型 2:其它形式的祈使句，will you?Come into the classroom, will you?be careful, will you?Don t panic （恐慌） ,will you?注意： There be句型Please1There is an old picture on the wall, isn t there?2. There aren t any children i

34、n the room, are there? 3.There wasn t a telephone call for me, was there?4There were enough people to pick apples,weren t there?5There will be a basketball match tomorrow,won tthere?值得注意的是有时英语的谓语动词并不用否定式（即没加上 not ），而是用上了 never,little, few, hardly, nothing, nobody 等表否定意义的词，后半部分应用肯定疑问式。 Youhave never

35、been to Beijing, have you? Mr. Fat has few friends here, does he?There is little milk in the bottle, is there? He could do nothing, could he?练习：完成下列反意疑问句：1. Mary listened to pop music,_ _? 2. He has never been to Shanghai_ _?3.He has few friends at school,_ _? 4.The music sounds beautiful,_ _?5.You

36、can t dance to jazz,_ _? 6.They weren ncert, t at the co stop writing,_ _? 8.Don t be late,_ _? 7.Let s五、动词不定式动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为形， to 为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点：它是动词的一to+动词原1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语

37、、定语、表语及同位语等。（一）、动词不定式作主语() 1. It's hard for us _English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning()2. It's very nice _ you to getfor ， ofB. of， forC. to， forD. of， tome two tickets _ the World Cup.A.简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式 )置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词 (of

38、 sb)to dosth.(2)It is + 形容词 (for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +名词短语 (for sb)todo sth.句式 (1)中常用 nice， kind， clever， good， right ， wrong ， foolish ， careless 等形容词，与介词of 搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式(2)中常用hard ，difficult，easy，important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。（二）、动词不定式作宾

39、语()1. He wants _ some vegetables.学习必备欢迎下载A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys()2. Don't forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking()3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep简析在want ， like， agree， hope，

40、 wish， learn ， begin， start ， decide， hate ，choose， forget ， remember 等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用 it 作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。（三）、动词不定式作宾语补足语()1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help himB. to help him withB. C. to help withD. helps him with()2. Mr

41、Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach，expect， tell ， allow等。（四）、动词不定式作状语()1. She went _ her teacher.A. to seeB. looksC. sawD. seeing()2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A

42、. learnB. learningC. to learn D. learns简析 go， come， try ， do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。()3. I'm sorry _ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear ()4.I'm sorry _ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled()5. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to

43、 meet B. meet C. met D. meets简析 be +形容词 + to do sth 结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。（五）、动词不定式作定语()1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks ()2. Ihave a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do ()3. He is not an easy man_.A. get onB. to get onC. get on withD. to get on with简析 不定式作定语时， 常放在被修饰的词语之后， 与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系； 如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。（六）、不带 to 的动词不定式()1. We saw him_ the buildingandgoupstairs.A. to enter B. enter C.entering D. entered()2