英语1外研版module3教案：第4-5课时

1、英语1外研版module3教案：第4-5课时Period 4 Grammar : Degrees of ComparisonTeaching objectives:To make the students grasp the usage of the degrees of comparison.Important and difficult points: To have the Ss understand all kinds of forms of degree of comparison. To enable the students to know how to use the degr

2、ees of comparison correctly.Teaching procedures:Step 1. Lead-in Present the Ss the following sentences on the Bb and ask them to discover what kind of degrees of comparison .Jack speak English as fluently as Tom.This school is better than that one.This book is more interesting than that one.This roo

3、m is less beautiful than that one.The weather is getting hotter and hotter.The harder you study, the more you will make progress.He works (the) hardest in his class.Then call the answers from the class.Answers: 1.原级; 2、3、4、5、6、均为.比较级; 7.最高级.Step 2. Grammar structureFirstly ask the Ss to make a summa

4、ry about the structures of the degrees of comparison. Then check the answers. Answers：3 forms 原级、比较级和最高级。Step 3. Detailed Notes about Grammar Usage原级的构成和用法1）构成：形容词和副词的原级形式是形容词和副词的原形。2）用法：当表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“as+原级adj./adv.+as”的结构；当表示双方不相等时，用“not as(so)+ 原级adj./adv.+as”的结构；当表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数+as+原

5、级adj./adv.+as”的结构。例如：He is as tall as Jack. / I speak English as fluently as you.Your bike is not as(so) new as hers.This road is three times as long as that one.比较级和最高级的构成和用法1）构成：规则变化单音节形容词以及少数以er,or结尾的形容词和副词加er，est例如：fast-faster-fastest; few-fewer-fewest; great-greater-greatest;clever-cleverer-cle

6、verest norrow-norrower-norrowest.以e结尾的单音节形容词和副词后以及少数以-ble,-ple结尾的双音节形容词和副词后，加r，st例如：large-larger-largest, able-abler-ablest, simple-simpler-simplest以一个辅音结尾的单音节形容词，其前面的元音字母发短元音时，该辅音字母要双写，然后加er，est例如：hot-hotter-hottest以辅音加y结尾的形容词和少数不是形容词加ly构成的副词要将y改写为i，再加er，est例如：easy-easier-easiest, happy-happier-hap

7、piest early-earlier-earliest一般双音节词、多音节形容词和副词在原级前more或most例如：beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful; carefully-more carefully-most carefully少数单音节或双音节形容词也加more和most构成比较级和最高级。例如：tired-more tired-most tired; pleased-more pleased-mos pleased;crowded-more crowded-most crowded不规则变化原级比较级最高级good, wellbetter

8、bestbad, illworseworstmany, muchmoremostlittlelessleastoldolder(较老、较旧),elder（较年长）oldest(最老、最旧)，eldest(最年长)farfarter(较远的),further(进一步地)farest（最远的）furthest（最深刻地）注意辨析few-fewer-fewest和little-less-least的差别: 前者是规则变化，后者是不规则变化；前者用来修饰可数名词，后者用来修饰不可数名词。2）用法：比较级的用法双方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级+than”的结构表示。例如：This book i

9、s better than that one.表示一方不及另一方时，用“less+原级adj./adv.+than”的结构表示。例如：This room is less beautiful than that one.表示一个方面随另一个方面的程度而变化时，用“the +比较级（+主语+谓语），the +比较级（+主语+谓语）”的结构。例如：The harder he works, the happier he feels.The harder you study, the more knowledge you will get.表示自身程度的改变“越来越-”时，用“比较级+and+比较级”结

10、构表示。如：The weather is getting colder and colder.The little girl becomes more and more beautiful.表示倍数的比较级有如下几种句型：a)“倍数+as+原级adj.+as+被比较对象”，例如：This river is four times as long as that one.（这条河是那条河的四倍长）b)“倍数+the+size(length, width, depth, height)+of+被比较对象”，例如：This river is four times the length of that

11、one.（这条河是那条河的四倍长）c)“倍数+比较级adj.+than+被比较对象”，例如：This river is three times longer than that one.（这条河是那条河的四倍长/这条河比那条河长三倍）注意：在比较级的前面可以加上如下一些表示程度的状语，但要注意其含义的差别。a)any加比较级, 表示疑问程度，译为“-一些”，“-一点”。例如：Are you feeling any better?b)no/not(any)加比较级, 表示否定程度，译为“并不-”。例如：Some grow no higher than your ankles.This film

12、is not more interesting than that one.c)a bit, a little, slightly加比较级, 表示“稍微，一点（些）”。例如：May I stay here a little longer?This problem is a bit more difficult than that one.d)many, much, a lot, greatly, (by)far, rather, a good(great) deal等加比较级, 表示“-得多”。例如：Our school is much more beautiful than theirs.T

13、he people here are a great deal richer now than before.附 by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时，一般放在比较级的后面，如在前面，应在二者中间加“the”。例如：He is taller by far than his brother./ He is by far the taller of the two brothers.e)even, still加比较级, 表示强调，译为“甚至更/还要-”。例如：He gets even stronger.Jack is tall, but Tom is still taller.f)“数词+

14、名词+比较级”表示确定的程度。例如：He is five years older than I.I got up an hour earlier than the others.最高级的用法三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the +最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比较范围的介词短语。例如：Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.He works (the) hardest in his class.The Three Gorges area is one of the most beautiful areas of China.最高级可被序数

15、词以及by far, by no means, much, nearly, almost, not quite, nothing like等词语修饰。例如：The Yangtze River is the worlds third longest river.How much did the second most expensive hat cost?This hat is by far / by no means / much / nearly / not nearly / almost / not quite / nothing like the biggest.注意：a)作状语的副词最

16、高级前可以不加定冠词。例如：He came (the) earliest of all the boys.b)excellent(优秀的、极好的)，extreme（极端的），favourate(最喜爱的)，perfect（完美的）等词本身含有最高级的含义，所以它们没有比较级和最高级。c)形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略。He is the tallest (boy) in his class.使用形容词、副词的比较等级时要注意的几个问题在as-as之间只能使用原级形容词（副词）。例如：误：I have as less money as you do.正：I h

17、ave as little money as you do.切忌采用双重比较比较级前可以用表示程度的修饰语来表示强调或程度，但不可用more加比较级形式。例如：误：His health is more worse than before.正：His health is worse than before.应避免自我比较使用比较级时，进行比较的双方必须是互相分离、互不包含的独立概念或事物，否则比较就不合逻辑。例如：误：Bamboo probably has more uses than any plant in the world.正：Bamboo probably has more uses

18、than any other plant in the world.附比较的另一方如果是不定代词anyone, anything, 前面不能加other, 而要在其后加else. 例如：She studies harder than anyone else in her class.但是，若比较的双方不属于同一范围，句中则不加other。例如：She runs faster than any boy in her class.表示“两者中较-”时，比较级前要加the。例如：The older of the two noblemen took a light and led me into a

19、back room.被比较的双方必须具有可比性。例如：误：There are more students in this school than that school.正：There are more students in this school than in that school.连词than后使用代词主格和宾格有时意义不同。例如：I know you better than he.我比他更了解你I know you better than him.我对你的了解比对他的了解更透彻些（或：“我比他更了解你”，此时与同义）。使用最高级时，主语不可被排除在最高级所指的范围之外。例如：误：H

20、e is the tallest of all his brothers.正：He is the tallest of all the brothers.most前面加不定冠词a/an，或者不加冠词修饰形容词时，它的意思等于very。此时， most已失去最高级的意义。试比较：a most interesting film(一部很有趣的电影) / the most interesting film(最有趣的电影)Step 4. PracticeExercise 1: Make sentences about the comparative sizes of the pairs. Use the

21、 words in the brackets.Example: I think the Yangtze River is about 3 times as long as the Songhua River. Or we can say: I think the Yangtze River is about 3 times longer than the Songhua River.Lily weighs: 45 kilograms Tom weighs: over 90 kilograms (heavy)_Mount Tai: 1,521 meters Mount Qumolangma: 8

22、,848 meters (high)_Winter in Beijing:-5 Winter in Harbin:-20 (cold)_My house: 80 square meters My aunts house: 160 square meters (large)_Exercise 2: Use the words below to write sentences as in the example.Example: temperature/ get /low The temperature gets lower and lower.hot metal/ get / big _magn

23、esium/ get / hot_sun/ get / strong during the morning_sea/ become / warm_Answers:Exercise 1:Tom weighs over twice as heavy as Lily./Or: Tom is over twice heavier than Lily.Mount Qumolangma is about six times higher than Mount Tai./ Or: Mount Qumolangma is about six times as high as Mount TaiWinter i

24、s 4 times colder in Harbin than in Beijing./ Or: Winter is 4 times as cold in Harbin as in Beijing.My aunts house is twice as larger as my house./ Or: My aunts house is twice larger than my house.Exercise 2:The hot metal is getting bigger and bigger.The magnesium is getting hotter and hotter.The sun

25、 is getting stronger and stronger during the morning.The sea is becoming warmer and warmer.Homework:1. Finish the exercises 2, 3 & 4 on page91-92 in their workbook.2. Preview the rest of this module.Period 5 Listening and Writing, Everyday English & Pronunciation Teaching aims:1. To learn to

26、 catch the related information from what they hear and understand the meaning of some expressions by context.2. To enable the Ss to recognize the basic differences about the intonation of Wh-questions and Yes/No questions from what they hear.3. To develop writing ability by practicing writing out th

27、e description of the scientific experiment according to what they hear. Important and difficult points:1. Enable the Ss to recognize the basic differences about the intonation of Wh-questions and Yes/No questions according to what they hear.2. Have the Ss understand the exact meaning of some se

28、ntences by context.Teaching procedures:Listening and WritingIt is necessary for a teacher to give the Ss a brief indication before listening. For this listening, the teacher can say to the Ss: We are going to listen to a dialogue that takes place in a lab. A teacher helps a student do an experiment.

29、 In this experiment, the metal magnesium burns in air. Is there a change in weight when this metal burns in air? Lets guess / predict. After the necessary indication, give the Ss very clear directions and requirements to listen. The teacher can continue to say: Now lets listen to the dialogue. Try t

30、o find out whether there is a change in weight when the metal magnesium burns in air. At the same time, pay attention to the information related to the following:Aim:_Apparatus:_Method:_Result:_Conclusion:_Then begin to play the tape once and ask answers from the whole class. And then ask the Ss to

31、finish Activity 2 on Page 47.Play the recording again and ask the Ss to complete the above description on their own, and then to check their answers in pairs. Before replaying the recording, of course, had better remind the Ss how they usually write up science experiments, that is, completing the de

32、scription involves some careful reading for specific information and reorganizing the information.Answers:Aim: to find out if theres a change in weight when magnesium burns in air. Apparatus: Magnesium, Bunsen burner, a balance, a crucible.Method: First, put the magnesium in the crucible. Then put t

33、he crucible on the balance and weigh it. Next, heat the magnesium. Light the Bunsen burner and hold the crucible over it. Finally, weigh the magnesium again.Result: It weighs a little more than before.Conclusion: There is a change in weight when magnesium burns in air.Everyday EnglishFirstly, ask the Ss to go through the everyday English on Page 48 and choose the correct meanings individually.Then tell the Ss where these everyday English sentences fromthey are from the above listening. Now replay the recording, ask the Ss to check what they chose.Answe