文献总结1117

1、1.abstract总说,考虑了何种因素(条件),在某领域建模。然后对样本进行描述，细说具体建模和实验内容，采用了某种方法或标准，实验结果与数值模拟是否一致，结果表明与预期效果存在那些差别，分析原因。一般情况，本文开展某种工作，使用了何种方法，得到了什么结论。taking into account 考虑到eg: The mechanical behavior of a four-layer plain weave glass fiber/epoxy matrix composite is modeled at the mesoscopic scale, taking into account

2、the dry fabric preforming before resin injection, the relative shift and nesting between fabric layers, and the characteristic damage mechanisms, i.e., intra-yarn cracking and decohesion at the crack tipsbe taken into account 被考虑eg: Good quantitative agreement is obtained if yarn/yarn or yarn/matrix

3、 decohesions at the crack tips are taken into account.be modeled at the mesoscopic/macroscopic/microcosmic scale 在细观/宏观/微观尺度上建模be the scale of 是范围（规模）的be modeled by doing sth. 通过建模be determined using a adj. criterion (by sth./sb.) 用标准确定The effects ofshow 的影响表明the same trends as 与有相同的趋势Good quantitat

4、ive agreement is obtained that 有很好的一致性。This paper examines the recent advancements in the science and technology of carbon nanotube (CNT)-based fibers and composites. 本文探讨了最近碳纳米管(CNT)的纤维和复合材料科技上的进步The assessment is made according to 评估是根据ranging from 1-D to 2-D to 3-D. 从一维到二维三维。the focuses are on 集中

5、在2. Introduction首先引出所谈问题，确立研究领域的重要性；引用文献提供背景事实或信息；对比或类比前人研究，分析其中的不足，（前期的研究或目前的研究及其贡献，确定已有研究工作的空白），给出自己所研究问题的范畴或目前的研究重点 ；描述要解决的问题，呈现要验证的预测；概述现在的论文，包括方法、步骤、各部分内容。前人研究部分，描述理论、方法时用一般现在时，只有说到某些类词时才用到现在完成时；自己部分，做过的实验用完成时，论文描述部分用一般现在时，全篇多为被动。完成时Olave et al. 7 have shown that Olave等展示出have been proposed in

6、the literature 文献中已经提出has been investigated by Gao et al. 17 在中提出have recognized thathas attracted much attention inbe receiving a growing interest 越来越受到关注One of the advantages ofis In addition, 一方面的优势在于另一方面In recent years there has been tremendous research advances have been utilized近年来已经有巨大的研究进展被运

7、用A reduces B required for C A降低了C对B的需求In order to optimize 为了优化is usually both expensive and time consuming 通常费时且成本高is a possible strategy for doing 做是个合理的策略For that purpose，sth. be necessary 为了某目标，是必要的In order to set up adj. models，sth. is required 为建立模型,sth是必须的。In order to obtain reliable results

8、in terms of 为了获得关于的可靠结果it is essential that 是必要的动词系列be identified 被鉴定/described/considered to be/ often assumed 8 by经常被认为/often neglected 经常被忽略/simulated被模拟/commonly adopted 通常采用/be underestimated. 低估/is dissipated 被耗散比较lower than those observed experimentally. 低于实验中观察所得are larger than those observe

9、d experimentally 比实验观察到的大必须must be taken into account 必须被考虑can be（高频）obtained by simulating the step of 通过模拟步骤可以得到have to be identified experimentally 必须要实验认证the material (e.g. nesting between layers, varying yarn shapes) 材料（举例）For instance/example,例如However, the use of does not take into accounthav

10、e a significant influence on 有重大影响Most of the published studies use numerical approaches based on Finite Element (FE) analyses, which are more flexible since there are no limitations from a geometrical point of view. 大多数发表的研究使用基于有限元(FE)分析数值方法,这是因为它没有受几何观点的限制用起来更灵活。In the literature, different approa

11、ches have been proposed to 在文献中，不同的方法被提出A method that is widely used, due to 由于此方法被广泛应用This method is well suited to the prediction of,but presents several limitations when这种方法很好的适应了对的预测，但在存在一些限制形容词is complex 是复杂的is sufficient 充分的are in contact 是接触的be suitable for 适合于are susceptible to易受影响be feasibl

12、e 可行的very small elements are required to ensure a good mesh quality 为了保证好的网格质量要求单元非常小。seems to be appropriate to 似乎适用于dealing with 处理This method consists in 这种方法在于Models based on CDM allow studying the evolution of the mechanical properties with increasing damage, but can erroneously predict the dir

13、ection of damage propagation 8,26is closer to experimental observations ofThere are only few publications concerning 有少量出版物包含Le Page et al. 28 have investigated the effects of 研究The main limitation of this approach 这种方法的主要局限Nevertheless, it has been shown that 然而，这表明sth is used in order to make the

14、meshing step easier. 被用于简化建网步骤variables related to 关于的变量it has been shown in different studies that 不同的研究已经表明lead to 导致The aim of this work is to 这项工作的目的在于A detailed description of is proposed 提出关于的详细描述The influence ofis evaluated 评估的影响The procedure is illustrated on 阐述关于的过程experimental tests have b

15、een performed in order to 为了执行了实验测试The experimental tests are presented in Section 2. 第二部分呈现了试点试验the results obtained numerically are compared with the experimental data in terms of:在方面比较得到的数值结果和实验数据。3. Methodology首先总体介绍和概述材料/方法(参与者)并给出所使用的设备/材料的来源；提供必要的背景信息；进行设计和说明步骤，提供具体和精确的细节的用料和方法，采用的标准及处理了什么问题；

16、说明考虑的因素，证明方案合理性；把材料/方法和其他的研究联系起来，显示仍存在的问题。consists of 由组成keep sth adj.使某物保持某状态and hence 因此The amount of 的数量measuring the thickness of the 测量的厚度composite plate 复合板have been tested in order to 为了测试the mechanical behavior of the material材料的力学表现were performed to 被执行the elastic properties of the material

17、材料的弹性性能The location and the sequence of 的位置和顺序have been measured using/was evaluated by using/was generated using/was simulated using/by usingis used to evaluate 用于评估It should be noted that应该注意的是as close as possible to 要尽可能接近has a significant influence on 有重大影响as well as 也As a consequence因此it is nec

18、essary to do 做很必要is supposed to be linear elastic,假设是线弹性的a function of .的函数numerous round-off errors make it impossible to obtain, in a robust way,be filled with 填满Experimental observations show that 实验观察可得This leads to the conclusion that这是我们得出结论a consequence of 的结果instead of 而不是is critical for 临界h

19、ave good dispersibility in 好的离散性is not feasible due to 不可行因为This approach is similar to 方法近似于was made possible due to 使变成可能was attributed to 归因于condenses them into 浓缩成It is interesting to note that 有趣的是be aligned with 与对准Recently, Mora et al. 15 reported/noted /suggested /have used/ tested/ first mo

20、dified/ have examined/first noticed / identified/performed/also demonstrated/also studied/ pioneered research/demonstratedHowever, the key challenges still need to be overcome 关键困难仍需克服reach up to 高达can be drawn to 被吸引The elastic modulus value of 的弹性模量的值method is limited in that 方法的不足体现在Only a few ex

21、amples of such studies are highlighted below.关于这类研究的例子只有少数很突出.The above experimental results led Wang et al. 35 to conclude that上述实验结果使得到结论。gives rise to 引起，导致The results are also fitted by the Halpin-Tsai criterion. 此结果也适用于准则interact with 与相互作用has been a challenging and interesting topic for resear

22、chers data were presented in terms of 关于的数据给出It is believed that the decrease in thermal conductivity in this case is not due to either defective nanotube or the lack of a percolating filler network.这种情况下的降低是由于或There is an overall increase 全面增长accounts for 占的比例 a linear curve fit of 线性拟合（i），（ii）and

23、(iii) 分点陈述结尾引用方程后变量where <>þ are the Macaulay brackets (positive part).b is the estimated strain, 0 the strain offset at zero stress and s the specimen stress.where the index l refers to the fiber direction参数using E =73.6 GPa 44 and n=¼ 0.3The fabric properties given by the manufactu

24、rer are ss= 504 ± 40 g.m 2 and rfiber ¼ 2.54 g.cm 3.is chosen equal to Vf =49.2 % A transverse isotropic elastic behavior is obtained for the yarns, with El ¼= 42.2 GPa, Et ¼= 9.93 GPa, ntt ¼= 0.423.文献These criteria have already been used in a previous study in order to dete

25、rmine the damage onset mechanism and location in woven composites 20.The values of the different parameters taken from Soden et al. 49不同数据的值取自are shown/summarized/developed/reported in Fig. 1/Table 2( by Melro et al. 18)as detailed/shown/described/summarized in Fig. 6/ Ref. 45( by et al. 8)Lin et al

26、. 15 also showed that for instance, in Refs. 32,33material was determined using AE (Fig. 1), as in Refs. 30,31the method of Grail et al. 14 的方法插图表的格式及表述Fig. 1. curves of 曲线Fig. 2. observation of : (a) experimental set-up and (b) damage pattern (the picture was not taken at the failure location状态) 观察

27、所得Fig. 3. FE simulation of : 有限元仿真Fig. 4. shapes 形态Fig. 5. FE mesh of :网格划分Fig. 6. Schematic representation of : 原理图Fig. 7. Failure criterion in a cracked yarn and zoom to the area around the crack tip.失效准则Fig. 8. Qualitative comparison between (a) and (b) 比较Fig. 9. Damaged RUC containing 14 longitu

28、dinal cracks in the transverse yarns and the corresponding decohesions at the crack tips on the yarn surfaces. 描述Fig. 11. Comparison between experimental and numerical results of the effect of Fig. 1. SEM images of: 图像Fig. 9. Birefringence patterns of single fiber fragmentation, showing fiber with s

29、tainless steel catalyst, fiber exposure to CVD condition, unsized pitch-based carbon fiber and CNT-modified fiber 25. (Reprinted with permission from Thostenson et al. (2002). Copyright (2002) American Institute of Physics.引用出处) 模式Fig. 13 gives an illustration of 图解Fig. 27 gives the results of 结果Fig

30、. 2 shows the stressstrain curves of three specimens of 1 mm gauge length: 曲线Fig. 5 is a schematic of 原理图(Fig. 23) indicate some significant trendsA curve for Kevlar 49 is included as a benchmark 8.表Table 1直接表述+表Table 3Values of the parameters of the failure criterion 标准+表Table 1Tensile properties o

31、f carbonized islands and large diameter PAN and PAN/CNT (99/1) fibers 21,20. (Reprinted from Chae et al. (2009). Copyright (2009), with permission from Elsevier.) (Reprinted from Chae et al. (2007). Copyright (2009), with permission from Elsevier.)来源+表4. Comparison between numerical and experimental

32、 resultsThe numerical and experimental n. are similar (Fig. a and b). This result may be attributed to the fact that. In order to obtain a quantitative comparison between both methods, . Along a line (Fig. 8a and b), the numerical and experimental n. are close to each other (Fig. 8c)., etc.等等it seem

33、s to be reasonable to assume that这似乎是合理的假设be responsible for是.的原因are continuous 是连续的The evolution trends of are in good agreement with 的发展趋势与一致has a minor influence on有轻微的影响5. Conclusion结论部分的内容与结构布局一般来说，结论部分的具体内容及其组织框架如下。(1) 概括说明本课题的研究内容、结果及其意义与价值。(2) 比较具体地说明本研究证明了什么假设或理论，得出了什么结论，研究结果有何实用价值，有何创造性成果或

34、见解，解决了什么实际问题，有何应用前景等。(3) 与他人的相关研究进行比较。(4) 本课题的局限性、不足之处，还有哪些尚待解决的问题。(5)展望前景，或指出进一步研究的方向。在上面五项内容中，第一、二项是必不可少的。第三、四、五项内容可以根据需要而定。In the field of have been for decades. The recent advances in have done.is very challenging and inadequate sth may be partially responsible for the decrease or lack of improv

35、ement in .The prediction of 预测are quite similar to experimental observations 与实验观察极为相似However, . is only a necessary condition for ., but not a sufficient one, since . is possible only if . is also high enough.然而，.是唯一必要的条件，但不是充分的，因为只有.时才可以in future works/needs to be further studied 进一步的研究has been assumed to be 假设 Validate证实in particular尤其References1 A. Mouritz, M. Bannister, P. Falzon, K. Leong,（人名） Review of applications foradvanced three-dimensional fibre textile composites,（题目） Compos.（期刊） Part A 30(1999) 1444e1461.（精确位置）2M. Sherburn,（人名）Eometric and Mechanical Modelling of Textile