中考初中物理复习讲义教案

1、position-relate d consumption of civilservantshas been swept by finance,consumer, regardless of cost, extravagance a nd waste in the civil service positi on-related consumption, abuse, corruption and embezzl ement, corruption is important. Then,under theconditi onsof market economy, how to reform th

2、e existing civil duty consumption management, explores a source toprevent and cur b the post consumption corruption way, iscurre ntly a majorissue facedby honest w ork.Recently, I conducted research on this issue, thisprobl em onsome humbleopi nions. First, the existingpubli c servant s ' dutyco

3、nsumption the main probl ems seen from the investigation and reasons, in recent years, publi c servants ' dutyconsumption caused by the abuses and not a personof integrity, is one of the major problems in the party in Government, its operation order have anegative effect on the party and Governm

4、ent organs, seriously damaging t he image of the party and t he Government, undermining the relationshi p between party and tconsumpti on i n the produced of "twonot" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a ispositions consumption system lost has due of bindi ng, right is greater than rul

5、es, a nd right is greater than m ethod of phenomenon morehighlig ht; II i s in positions consumption in theCamera Obscuraoperation, usi ng terms, willpositi ons consumption into haspersonalconsumption, will corporate points to into persona l points to, makes positionsconsum ption in some aspectshas

6、int o positions enjoy and self-dealingof means; three is topositions consumption for name, fraud, false impersonator, Tre nd of negative corrupti on phenomena such a s corruption and misa ppr opriation; four palaces, follow the fashion, rivalries, wasteful, andpostconsum ption became a symbol of sho

7、wingoff their individua l capacities. Cause d by public serva nts ' duty consumption of many "two" phenomenon inwhich people reflect thebiggest problems are: (a) the officialcar problems. Mainly in thr ee aspects: one i s the largerbuses cost expenditure. According to statistishow ed a

8、n increasing trend. Financial expenses costper bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact everycost up t o 50,000 yuan. Some units also hiri ng temporary drivers and ex penditureon wag es and subsidies. Necessary to "keep acar", but also "dependants", leading to larger expenses. Se

9、cond,gongchesiy ongbreedunhealthy tendenci es. S ome pe ople believe that now somebus driversuse one -third, one-third leading private one-thirdused forofficial purposes. Some public serva nts, especially leading officials motoring, cars for private purposes, violating the self -di scipline regulati

10、ons, a nd eve n lead to traffic accidents. According tostatistics from related departments, si nce 2004, the correct investigation inour County servesnearly 30cars for priv ate purposes,only the first half of this year,cars for private pur posesor一、声现象【考点聚焦】声现象涉及到的考点有：1声音是由物体振动发生的2声音的传播3声速及有关计算4乐音的三

11、要素5噪声的危害与控制【呈现形式】上述考点常以填空和选择题型出现。主要考查学生对概念规律的记忆和运用所学知识来解决日常生活中的现象的能力。【知识结构】一、声音的产生与传播1产生原因：振动2传播需要介质：固体、液体、气体都是介质3声速： 340m/s （没有特别提示的情况下都视为该速度）4回声现象及其利用：（ 1）传播过程中遇到障碍物会反射回来形成的声音；（ 2）回声的区分与加强；（ 3）回声测距离及其它应用。二、乐音的三要素1音调：声音的高低，由发声体的振动频率决定。2响度：人耳感觉到的声音的大小，它跟发声体的振幅有关。3音色：发声体的声音品质，由发声体本身的特征决定。三、乐音和噪声1区别：（

12、 1）从物理学角度看；（2）从环境保护角度看。2减小噪声的途径：（1）在声源处减弱消声；（2）在传播过程中减弱吸声；（3）在耳朵处减弱隔声【方法提示】1声音是由物体的振动产生的。一切正在发声的物体都在振动，振动停止，发声也停止。2声音的传播需要介质，声音在真空中不能传播，声音在不同介质中的传播速度不同，声音在液体中传播速度比空气中大。3利用回声可求解路程、时间和速度等问题。4运用声音的三要素解释一些日常生活中常遇到的现象。5噪声的控制方法。【对应训练】1遇到大风的天气，路旁架设的电线会“嗡嗡”地响，这种声音是由于电线而产生的。2乐音有三个特征，音调是反映声音的，响度是反映声音的，我们通过声音区

13、分不同乐器是靠。3将手表放在枕头下面，隔着枕头能够清楚第听到手表“滴答”声，这说明枕头的传声能力比空气。4拿一张硬纸片，让它从一木梳上很快地划过去，再让它慢一点从同一木梳上划过去，两次用力大小一样，则两次发出的声音 A音调不同 B. 响度不同 C. 音色不同 D. 前三项都不同leadersdriving a vehicle accident causedby road accidents, 1,1 people killed and direct e conomic losses amounting to more than 100,000 yuan. Third,high efficien

14、cy and l ow cost of thebus. Surveys show that, the operatingcosts of taxis for the 8200/. Is a fundamentalpriority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must besolved in the reform process. Clearly, thepostconsumption averages three yearsbefore as abase and fine-tune d on the basisof this si

15、ngle practice s must be improved. Improvements to adhere to three principles: first, under the existingpoli cy pr ovisions appr oved for public servant s ' dutyconsumptionstandards, calibration, is not contrary topoli cy. Second, according to the local financial situation and people's sustai

16、nability,public servants 'duty consumption standards appr oved,bot h financial reach, and people passing through. Third, according to the operationalnee ds of civilservants responsible for authorized public serva nts ' dutyconsumption standards, both high and lowpositions, but also the natur

17、e of thework and theworkload.In reform of method Shang, approved civil servantspositions consumption standard to "biunified,and small dispersed" suitable, that most positionsconsumptionproject should according topoli cy pr ovides pr oposedunified standard, consider to ranks, and units and

18、the work task of differencessex, unifiedof standard shouldhas e lasticof and dynamic of, makes regions, and units in implementation unifiedstandard Shi has must of flexibledisposal right;but since setof standard must after financial, and audit,sector audit approved Hou to implementation. (C) reform

19、package. Public servants ' duty consumption elasticity of consumption to limit consumption, turning mess i nto kitchenafter dinner, follow thecivil servant with a how tousepersonal titlesubsidies,or how to manage a personal duty consumption useof subsidies. T herefore, we must establish and perf

20、ect with public servants 'duty consumption monetization reform support oftheseriesof governance systems such as the civilservice examination of responsi bility, system, low fault investigation system, the report said. While other measures to kee p up.Discipline inspection and supervision organs,

21、 financial , auditingdepartments should strengthen supervision and inspection ofpublic servants ' duty consumption monetization reform progress, to strengthen the reform of public serva nts ' dutyconsumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor the implementationofinspection,

22、 notconsumption a s required, even shifting consumer behavior to stop, seriouscases to de al with. Three ideas, public servants 'duty consumption monetization reform of politics, the economy and thedeepening of the reform,public servants ' duty consumption as somewhere between a reform alsod

23、emonstrated its importance a ndurgency. First of all, civil servants e specially party and Government leaders and publicservants ' duty consumption there are big drawbacks. NPC deputies and CPPCC members and t he br oad masses areconcer ned about. Secondly, theposition-relate d consumption of ci

24、vilservantshas been swept by finance,consumer, regardless of cost, extravagance a nd waste in the civil service positi on-related consumption, abuse, corruption and embezzl ement, corruption is important. Then,under theconditi onsof market economy, how to reform the existing civil duty consumption m

25、anagement, explores a sour ce toprevent and cur b the post consumption corruption way, iscurre ntly a major issue facedby honest w ork.Recently, I conducted research on this issue, thisprobl em onsome humbleopi nions. First, the existingpubli c servant s ' dutyconsumption the main probl ems seen

26、 from the investigation and reasons, in recent years, publi c servants ' dutyconsumption caused by the abuses and not a personof integrity, is one of the major problems in the party in Government, its operation order have anegative effect on the party and Government organs, seriously damaging t

27、he image of the party and the Government, undermining the relationshi p between party and the masse s, effect, opening up and economic constructiconsumpti on i n the produced of "twonot" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a isposition s consumption system lost has due of bindi ng, righ

28、t is greater than rules, a nd right is greater than method of phenomenon morehighlig ht; II i s in positions consumption in theCamera Obscuraoperation, usi ng terms, willpositi ons consumption into haspersonalconsumption, will corporate points to into persona l points to, makes positionsconsum ption

29、 i n some aspectshas int o positions enjoy and self-dealingof means; three is topositions consumption for name, fraud, false impersonator, Tre nd of negative corrupti on phenomena such a s corruption and misa ppr opriation; four palaces, follow the fashion, rivalries, wasteful, andpostconsumption be

30、came a symbol of showingoff their individua l capacities. Cause d by public serva nts ' duty consumption of many "two" phenomenon inwhich people reflect thebiggest problems are: (a) the officialcar problems. Mainly in three aspects: one is thelargershow ed an increasing trend. Financia

31、l expenses costper bus per year to 35,000 yuan, and in fact everycost up t o 50,000 yuan. Some units also hiri ng temporary drivers and ex penditureon wag es and subsidies. Necessary to "keep acar", but also "dependants", leading to larger expenses. Second,gongchesiy ongbreedunhe

32、althy tendenci es. Some people believe that now somebus driversuse one -third, one-third leading private one-thirdused forofficial purposes. Some public serva nts, especially leading officials motoring, cars for private purposes, violating the self-discipline regulations, a nd eve n lead to traffic

33、accidents. According tostatistics from related departments, si nce 2004, the correct investigation inour County servesnearly 30cars for priv ate purposes,only the first half of this year,cars for private purposesor5医生用听诊器可以清晰地听见患者心跳的声音，这是由于A听诊器能自动收集有用的声音B.听诊器减少了声音的分散，增大了响度C. 听诊器减少了噪声的干扰D.听诊器靠固体传声效果好

34、6为了探究声音的产生条件，有人建议利用以下几个小实验现象。A放在钟罩内的闹钟正在响铃，把罩内的空气抽去一些后，铃声明显减小。B使正在发声的音叉接触水面，水面溅起水花C吹笛子时，手指按住不同的孔便会发出不同的声音D在吊着的大钟上固定一支细小的笔。把钟敲响后，用纸在笔尖上迅速拖过，可以在纸上画出一条来回弯曲的曲线。你认为，能说明声音产生条件的实验是哪一个或哪几个？，其它现象虽然不能说明声音的产生条件，但分别说明了什么问题？7小明用不锈钢尺和塑料尺设计了验证乐音的三个特征的实验，请你帮他简述实验的做法。8科学家为了探测海底某处的深度，向海底垂直发射超声波，经过4 s收到回波信号，海洋中该处深度是多少

35、 m？ ( 声音在海水中传播速度是 1500 m s) 科学家发现这种方法是不能用来测量月亮与地球的距离的，其原因是什么？9 人体里许多器官，它们总在不停地运动，这些运动就引起了振动，人体器官里就发出了各种各样的声音，你能说出其中的三种吗？10 小伟所在的实践活动小组设计了以下实验对声音进行探究。实验一 : 使正在发声的音叉接触水槽中的水, 发现溅起了水花。实验二 : 用细线把一个小铃铛悬挂在软木塞的下端 , 并置于烧瓶中 , 轻轻摇一摇烧瓶 , 会听到清晰的“叮当” 声 , 然后取下软木塞 , 将点燃酒精的棉球放入瓶中 , 待火熄灭后 , 迅速塞紧软木塞 , 再摇瓶子 , 听到瓶子中的响声比

36、原来小的多。实验三 : 把自行车支起来，一只手转动自行车的脚踏板，另一只手拿着硬纸片，让纸片的一头伸到自行车后轮的辐条中。 （要特别注意安全，不要把手伸到辐条中）先慢慢转，这时可以听到纸片的“轧轧”声；再加快转速，纸片发出的声调就会变高；当转速达到一定程度时，纸片就会尖叫起来了。以上三个实验中, 能表明发声体在振动的实验是_, 另外两个实验分别表明_ 。声 现 象（参考答案）1振动2.高低大小音色3.强4.A 5.B6.B和 DA说明声音的传播需要介质，C 说明声音的音调与振动频率有关 7. 将不锈钢尺压在桌边沿，变换振动部分的长度，可体验音调与声源的振动频率有关；将不锈钢尺压在桌边沿，用不同

37、的力拨动不锈钢尺，可体验响度与声源的振动幅度有关；可由拨动leadersdriving a vehicle acci de nt caused by road accidents, 1, 1 people killed and dir ect economic losses amounting to more than 100,000 yuan. T hird, high efficiency a nd low cost of thebus. Surveys show that, the operatingcost s of taxis for the 8200/. Is a fundamen

38、talpriority of the reform, it is a difficult problem that must besolved in the reform process. Clearly, thepost consumption averages three years before as abase and fine-t une d on the basisof this single practice s must be improved. Improvements to adhere to three principle s: first, under the exis

39、tingpoli cy provisions appr oved for public servant s ' dutyconsumption standards, calibration, is not contrary topoli cy. Second, according t o the local financial situation and people's sustainability,public servants 'duty consumption sta ndards appr oved, bot h financial reach, a ndpe

40、ople passing through. Third, accordi ng to the operationalnee ds of civilunified,and small disper sed" suitable, that most positionsconsumptionproject should accordi ng topoli cy pr ovides pr oposedunifie d standar d, consider t o ranks, and units and the work task of differencessex, unifiedof

41、standard shouldhas e lasticof and dynamic of, makes regions, and units in implementation unifiedstandard Shi has must of flexibledisposal right;butsince setof standard must after financial, and audit,sector audit approved Hou to implementation. (C) reform package. Public servants ' duty consumpt

42、ion elasticity of consumption to limit consumption, turning mess i nto kitchenafter dinner, follow thecivil servant with a how touse personal titlesubsidies,or how to manage a personal duty consumption useof subsidi es. Therefore, we must establish a nd perfect with public servants ' duty consum

43、ption monetization reform support of theseriesof governance systems such as the civilpubl ic serva nts ' duty consumption monetization reform progress, to strengthen t he reform of public serva nts ' dutyconsumption monetization system, measures to develop and monitor the implementationof in

44、spection, notconsumption a s required, even shifting consumer behavior to stop, serious cases to deal with. T hree ideas, public servants 'duty consumption monetization reform of politics, the economy a nd thedeepening of the reform,public servants ' duty consumption as somewhere between a r

45、eform alsodemonstrated its importance a ndurgency. First of all, civil servants e specially party and Government leaders and publicservants ' duty consumption t here are big drawbacks. NPC deputies and CPPCC members and t he br oad masses areconcer ned about. Secondly, theposition-relate d consu

46、mption of civilservantshas been swept by finance,consumer, regardless of cost, extravagance a nd waste in the civil service position-related consumption, abuse, corruption and embezzl ement, corruption is important. Then,under theconditi onsof market economy, how t o reform the existing civil duty c

47、onsumption management, explores a sour ce toprevent a nd cur b the post consumption corruption way, iscurre ntly a major issue facedby honest w ork.Recently, I conducted research on this issue, thisprobl em onsome humbleopi nions. First, the existing publi c servants ' dutyconsumption the main p

48、roblems seen from the investigation and reasons, in recent years, public servants ' dutyconsumption caused by the abuses and not a personof integrity, is one ofthe major problems in the party in Government, its operation order have anegative effect on the party and Government organs, seriously d

49、amaging the image of the party and the Government, undermining the relaticonsumpti on i n the produced of "twonot" phenomenon renderi ng four a features: a ispositions consumption system lost has due of bindi ng, right is greater than rules, a nd right is greater than method of phenomenon

50、morehighlig ht; II is in positions consumption in theCamera Obscuraoperation, usi ng terms, willpositi ons consumption into haspersonalconsumption, will corporate points to into persona l points to, makes positionsconsum ption i n some aspectshas into positions enjoy and self-dealingof means; three

51、is to positions consumption for name, fraud, false impersonator, Tre nd of negative corrupti on phenomena such a s corruption and misappr opriation; four palaces, follow the fashion, rivalries, wasteful, a nd postconsum ption became a symbol of showingoff their individua l capacities. Cause d by public serva nts ' duty consumption of many "two" phenomenon inwhich people refl