补充阅读FirstAidforDislocations

1、First Aid for DislocationsA dislocation is a separation of the end of a bone and the joint it meets. Bones that touch in the joints sometimes separate when they are overstressed.Injuries related to dislocations include damage to the membrane lining the joint as well as tears to nearby muscles and li

2、gaments.Causes of dislocations include:Injuries from contact sportsRheumatoid arthritisInborn joint defectsJoints weakened by previous injurySuddenly jerking a toddler's hand or arm. (Force applied in the wrong direction can snap the ball of the upper arm bone out of the shoulder socket.)The sho

3、ulders are especially prone to dislocation injuries. Fingers, hips, ankles, elbows, jaws and even the spine can be dislocated as well. A dislocated vertebrae in the spine often damages the spinal cord and can paralyze body parts lower than the injury site.Signs and SymptomsA dislocated joint is:Miss

4、hapenVery painfulSwollenDiscoloredSometimes it is hard to tell a dislocation from a broken bone. It is best to seek medical attention if you suspect a dislocation. It is unwise to try to put a dislocated bone back into its socket.When treated professionally, you can expect the dislocated joint to fu

5、nction within 24 to 48 hours. Activity may need to be limited for the next four to six weeks, though, to give the injury enough time to heal.PreventionProtect a previously injured joint by wrapping it with an elastic bandage or tape.Wear protective pads (shoulder, wrist, knee, etc.) when taking part

6、 in contact sports or in other activities in which you may fall or otherwise get injured.Questions to AskIs there an injurytothe neck or spine?Get Emergency Care and give first aid before emergency care.Isthereseverebleedingaroundtheinjury?Get Emergency Care and do first aid before emergency care.Al

7、so:Do not give the injured person anything to eat or drink until after he or she has been treated. If the dislocated joint has to be repositioned, the person may have to be given anesthesia.Monitor for signs of shock.Do not try to straighten a misshapened bone or joint.Arethereanyofthese problems?An

8、 area that isdeformedA limbthatispale,coldornumbA limbthatisverypainful,swollen or onethat can't bearweightGet Medical Care and do first aid before medical care:Without moving the injured area, remove clothing and jewelry (if any) that covers the injured area. You may have to cut clothing off.Ch

9、eck for internal problems to blood flow and nerves. Note: Be able to report these signs to emergency personnel.o Feel for a pulse: at the wrist for an injury to thearm; just above the inside ankle bone for an injuryto the leg.o Lightly touch the victim's fingers or toes and ask ifthe victim feel

10、s your touch.o Ask if the victim can move or wiggle his or her fingers or toes.Do not try to straighten a misshapened bone or joint.Keep the injured body part from moving:o Apply a splint in the position in which the injury was found. Try not to move the injured area as you splint. To make a splint:

11、 Place objects that will provide support on both sides or around the injured area making sure the supports extend above and below the injury. (Use boards, rolled newspapers or towels, sticks, etc.) Tie or tape the supports above and below (not on top of) the injured area. Use scarves, belts, strips

12、of cloths, etc. for ties. Tie them to stabilize the injured area, but not too tight so as to cut off circulation. Loosen the splint if the area beyond the splint turns paleor throbs with pain or if the injured area swellsonly after the split is applied.o If objects for supports are not available, ti

13、e the injured body part to an uninjured area of the body to immobilize the injury. Keep the injured bodypart in the same position you found it.o Put a dislocated arm or shoulder in a sling:Useatriangularclothor makeonebytaking a square cloth that is about a yardlongoneachsideandfolditonthediagonal.P

14、ut the injured arm across the chest at aright angle. Fold the material in half.Slide the sling at the half way fold underthe injured arm, making sure the material isbeyond the elbow of the injured arm.Bring one point of the sling up and over theshoulderoftheuninjuredsideandtheother point straight up

15、 over the shoulder ofthe injured side.Tiethetwopointstogetherbehindtheneck. Tie to one side so the knot doesn'tpress into the back of the neck.Self-Care After Medical CareRest. Rest the injured joint as much as possible.Ice. Place crushed ice in a plastic bag, wrap it in a towel and apply to inj

16、ured area for 20 to 30 minutes. Repeat each hour until the swelling eases. Ice helps to reduce the bleeding, swelling and pain.Compression. Applya snug, wet elastic bandageto the injured joint.Numbness, tingling or increased pain means the bandage is too tight.Elevation. Raise the injured ankle or knee above the level of the person's heart. Place it on a pillow, folded blanket or stack of newspapers.Give the person acetaminophen, ibuprofen or naproxen sodium for pain according to the recommended