英语专题复习---动词种类和情态动词

1、动词种类动词种类 英语动词分为实义动词（行为动词）、连系英语动词分为实义动词（行为动词）、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。动词、助动词和情态动词。春考考点链接：春考考点链接：情态动词情态动词(1)了解情态动词了解情态动词might，ought to的用法。的用法。(2)掌握情态动词掌握情态动词can，could，may, shall，should，will，would，must，have to，need的用法。的用法。动词的分类动词的分类1._2._3._4._行为动词(及物和不及物）sleep, buy, clean, go连系动词（系动词+形容词）be, 感官动词，keep, stay, ge

2、t, become, seem助动词do, does, did, have, be，will, shall情态动词（加动词原形）能够， 可能/以，必须， 将要， 应该can may must will shallcould might have to would should按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类按词义和句中的作用，动词可以分为四类及物动词跟宾语及物动词跟宾语须跟宾语一起才能表达须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思完整的意思I have a book.不及物动词不能不及物动词不能直接接宾语直接接宾语能能独立独立作谓语作谓语She always comes late.跟表语跟表语不能独立

3、做谓语，跟表不能独立做谓语，跟表语构成完整意思语构成完整意思I am a student.跟动词原形或分词跟动词原形或分词（无词汇意义无词汇意义）不能独立做谓语，跟主要动不能独立做谓语，跟主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问，否词构成谓语，表示疑问，否定及各种时态定及各种时态He doesnt speak Chinese.I am watching TV.跟动词原形（有自己跟动词原形（有自己的词汇意思）的词汇意思）We can do it by ourselves.That would be better.不能独立做谓语。表示不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态，无说话人语气、情态，无人称和数的变化人称

4、和数的变化()1. The food tastes _. Dont eat it.A. badB. badly()2. That sounds _.A. wellB. good()3. Im not feeling _ now.A. wellB. goodABA连系动词：后加形容词，构成系表结构。连系动词：后加形容词，构成系表结构。 well adj. 身体好 adv. 好（表示做的质量好），形容词 是good()4. I _ get up until 9:00 this morningA. didntB. wasnt()5. _ you from Zhanjiang?A. DoB. Are(

5、)6. Mary _ know me.A. dontB. isntC. doesnt()7. You went to school, _ you?A. dontB. doC. didnt D. did()8. I _ read the book before.A. amB. haveC. has ()9. I _ to leave the party.A. am askedB. askedCBACBAA()10. I have _ living here for 3 years.A. been livingB. have live 春考考点：春考考点：掌握情态动词掌握情态动词can，could

6、，may, shall，should，will，would，must，have to，need的用法。的用法。情态动词：本身情态动词：本身无人称和数的变化无人称和数的变化，但，但have to除外。除外。情态动词的疑问和否定：疑问句，将情态动词提前；否情态动词的疑问和否定：疑问句，将情态动词提前；否定句，在情态动词后加定句，在情态动词后加not,可缩写。可缩写。have to例外：疑问句例外：疑问句: do/does/did + sb. + have to 否定句否定句: do/does/did not +have tocan may must will shallcould have to

7、would should need春考真题链接：（2005）-May I put the car at the entrance to the supermarket? -No ，you_. A neednt B cant C must D Wouldnt (2009) -Who is that boy reading in the garden? -It David .He has gone to Shanghai with his friends. A cant B may not C mustnt D will not（2010）Its quite early .We _worry ab

8、out the time. A neednt B may not C mustnt D cant (2011)May I use your computer? Sorry ，you_. It doesnt work now. A neednt B cant C must D Wouldnt (2014) .-Our class won the English speaking contest. -Congratulations!Y ou_ be very proud of it. A.may B.must C.neednt D.cant常见情态动词用法常见情态动词用法 原形（过去式）用法含义例

9、句can (could)表示能力(= be able to)能；会Tom can swim. =Tom is able to swim. 汤姆会游泳。(疑问句中)表示请求可以Can/Could you give us a hand? 你可以帮我们一下吗？（否定句中）表示猜测cant不可能The boy cant be Jim. Hes much taller. 这个男孩不可能是吉姆。他要高很多。原形（过去式）用法含义例句may (might)表示可能性(可与maybe互换)可能Tony may know the way. =Maybe Tony knows the way. 托尼可能知道路。表

10、示客气请求(比can 正式）可以May I come in? 我可以进来吗？表示祝愿祝May you be happy! 祝你快乐！原形(过去式)用法含义例句must 表示义务、命令或要求必须We must tell the truth to our parents. 我们必须告诉父母真相。表示肯定的猜测（否定猜测用cant ）一定Lisa must be at home. 莉萨一定在家里。(推测现在的状况)You must be kidding! 你一定是在开玩笑！(推测现在正在发生的状况) They must have seen the movie. 他们一定看过这部电影。(推测过去的状况

11、)原形（过去式）用法含义例句shall(should)Shall. . . ? 用于第一人称，表示建议或请求好吗？Shall we ask the teacher for help? 我们向老师寻求帮助好吗？should用于各种人称，强调义务或责任应该Students shouldnt have long hair. 学生们不应该留长发。原形（过去式）用法含义例句will（would）用于第二人称疑问句中，表示征求意见或提建议愿意Will/Would you please take out the trash? 你可以把垃圾拿出去吗？will用于各种人称，表示意愿Your parents wi

12、ll try their best to help you. 你的父母会尽最大努力帮助你。考点一、情态动词表推测的用法：1. must：一定2. can/could/may/might：可能（四个词可能程度递减）3. cant ： “一定不” 那一定是Tom。It _ _ Tom.2. 那一定不是Tom.It _ _ Tom.3. 那可能不是Tom.It _ _ _ Tom.must becant bemay not be例 - I think Miss Gao must be in the library. She said she would go there. - No. She _ b

13、e there, I have just been there.A.cant B.mustnt C.neednt D.wouldnt考点二： 由 can、could、may、must构成的疑问句-Can / Could I use your pen? - Yes, you _ A. canB. could 注意：情态动词的过去式表示比原形更委婉的语气。所以由情态动词的过去式表示比原形更委婉的语气。所以由could 引导的表示请求的疑问句的回答用引导的表示请求的疑问句的回答用can.2. 对 may 引出的问句，可以有下列回答方式：Yes, of course.Yes, certainly.Su

14、re .No, you mustnt.No, you cant. 3.对must/ need 引出的疑问句，回答方式为： Yes, must. No, neednt-Must /Need I finish my homework?我必须完成作业吗？-No, you neednt. 不，你不必。-Yes， you must . 是的，你必须完成。 ()1. -Must I finish all of them? - No, you _. A. mustntB. needntBmust 的两个考点： 它引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答用must; 否定回答用neednt; dont have to mu

15、stnt的意思是“禁止”，表示不允许，语气强烈，通常表示规定、法律等。 表示肯定猜测()1. It _ be Toms book because his names on it.A. mustB. can()2. It _ be broken, but Im not sure.A. mustB. may( ) 3. The house should _ right now. A. cleanB. be cleaned ( )4. - Must he eat all the things? - No, he _. A. mustntB. needntBABB- Need he start fro

16、m the beginning? - Yes, he must. - No, he neednt 1.1.作作情态动词情态动词时时, ,仅用于否定或疑问句仅用于否定或疑问句, ,后接动词原形后接动词原形, ,表表“需要需要”考点三：考点三：need You neednt return the book now.2.2.作作实义动词实义动词时时, ,表示表示“需要需要”，有人称、时态、和数的变，有人称、时态、和数的变化化He needs to finish it this evening. The classroom needs cleaning.考点四：含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的被动

17、语态的结构为： 情态动词+ be + done (动词的过去分词)。做题时要兼顾情态动词和被动语态这两个方面。 如： You neednt get up so early every day.你不必每天都起这么早。She shouldnt speak t her mother in that way.她不应该用那种方式和妈妈说话。More and more trees must be planted in China.在中国必须种植更多的树木。Many of the stars can not be seen because they are far away from us.很多星星我们都看

18、不到， 因为它们离 我们太远了。习题精讲习题精讲1. You _ stop when the traffic light turns red. A. can B. had better C. need D. must【解析解析】选选D。must是是“必须，不得不必须，不得不”，根据下文出现的，根据下文出现的when the traffic light turns red可知是可知是“你必须你必须”。2.Is that girl under the tree Mary? No, that _ be Mary. She is in New York. A. can B. mustnt C. can

19、t【解析解析】选选C。由答语。由答语“她在纽约。她在纽约。”可知，那个女孩不可能可知，那个女孩不可能是玛丽，故用是玛丽，故用cant。3. Mom, must I finish my homework now? No, you _. You may have supper first. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant【解析解析】选选B。句意：。句意：妈妈，我现在必须完成家庭作业妈妈，我现在必须完成家庭作业吗？吗？不，你不需要。你可以先吃饭。对不，你不需要。你可以先吃饭。对must引导的一般疑引导的一般疑问句，否定回答时常用问句，否定回答时常用No, . . . neednt, 故选故选B。4.Will you stay for some more days? Sorry, I _. My mother called to ask me to go back at once. A. mustnt B. may notC