高考知识点总结 外研版 BOOK 4

1、BOOK 4 Module 1一、重点单词 精讲精练1.alternative adj.可替代的, 二选一的, 其他的； n.可供选择的事物，抉择have no alternative/choice but 除外别无选择, 只有 alternative ways 可供选择的两种方法 alternative energy 可替代能源 an alternative suggestion/plan/way其他的建议/计划/方法 an alternative 作为一种变通/候补方法 alternatively adv.两者挑一地alternate v.轮流，交替 (1)alternative 一般指二

2、选一，只限于方法、打算等，而不能指具体事物；(2)choice 强调自由地选择，不论选择方式及选择对象的多少；(3)preference “偏好”强调按照自己的喜爱进行选择。 I have no alternative but to sell the house. 2.risky adj.危险的；冒险的 risk v. 冒险 n. 危险/风险 take a risk/risks 冒险 risk doing sth. 冒险做某事 at risk = in danger 有危险at the risk of doing 冒着的危险 at ones own risk 自担风险/后果自负 At the

3、risk of making you angry,I must refuse your offer. Dont risk climbing the mountain in such heavy snow. 3.limit n.限制；限量；范围；vt. 限定，限制 set a limit to限制，控制limit sth. to 限定be limited to局限于 within limits 适度地，有限度地without limits 无限地，无限制地to the limit 到极点，到极限 There is no limit to the childs imagination. Her t

4、raveling is limited to some Asian tourist attractions. We must set a limit to the expense of the trip.mand n.命令；指挥；控制,掌握 vt.命令；指挥 command sb. to do 命令某人做某事 command that (should) do in command of 指挥着under (the) command of 在指挥之下 at ones command 由某人支配 have a good command of 精通 The captain commanded the

5、 army to fire at once.The captain commanded that the army (should) fire at once.He has studied in the US and has a good command of English. 他在美国学习过，并精通英语 5. charge n. 费用，价钱 v.收费; 承担责任; 控告;充电 free of charge 免费 charge sb. (money) for sth. 向某人索取的费用in charge of 掌管；负责in the charge of in ones charge由某人负责

6、take charge of 掌管；负责，看管 charge sb. with sth. 因某事控告某人 = accuse sb. of sth. 6.power n. 权力;驱动力;能力 v. 供以动力；使有力量in power 当权come to/into power 开始掌权 have power over sth. 对有控制权 within ones power 有能力；力所能及 out of/beyond ones power 不能胜任 It is quite beyond my power；I decided to give up. 7.attach vt.系,绑,贴,连接；附加；

7、隶属； attach A to B 把A绑/系/贴到B上 be attached to 被绑/系/贴上;附属于 attach oneself to依附于 Our school is attached to Bohai University.We should attach great importance to education. 8.shape vt. 使成形，塑造，制作； n. 形状，外形 in shape 在形状上，在外形上；in the shape of 呈的形状out of shape变形，走样； take shape 成形 shape A into B 把A加工/塑造成B The

8、 children are shaping the sand into a mountain.9. for sure 肯定地 = certainly make sure 确保 10. prediction n. 预测,预计 predict v. 预测,预计 11. solar adj. 太阳的 solar power/energy 太阳能 solar system 太阳系 12. load vt. 装；装载 n. 负荷, 工作量 load a car/truck with sth. 用车装载货物 be loaded with a load of = loads of 许多, 大量There i

9、s loads of work to do today. 13. fire vt. 开火；启动；解雇 14. switch n. 开关vi. 交换；调换 switch on = turn on 打开 switch off = turn off 关闭 15. disability n. 失去能力；伤残 the disabled 残疾人 16. optimistic adj. 乐观的 pessimistic adj. 悲观的 positive adj. 积极的, 肯定的 negative adj. 消极的，否定的 indifferent adj. 冷漠的 passionate adj. 热情的 t

10、olerant adj. 宽容的 17. definitely adv. 无疑地；确定地 eventually adv. 最后；终于 gradually adv. 渐渐地 eventually adv. 最终 accidentally adv. 意外地, 偶然地 occasionally adv. 偶然地 deliberately adv. 故意地 frequently adv. 频繁地 absolutely adv. 绝对地，完全地 18.run out 用光，耗尽 run out = give out 不及物，无被动，主语是物run out of = use up 及物，有被动，主语是人b

11、e run out of = be used up 被用光 We are running out of/using up time.Our time is running out/giving out. Our time is being run out of/being used up. run across = come across 跑着穿过,偶然碰见 run after追捕；跟踪；追求 run away = run off潜逃，逃跑 run into跑进；撞上 run over碾过 run down撞倒 I ran across Mr. Lee in the supermarket y

12、esterday.The car ran into the tree just now. The police are running after a thief. 19.rely on/upon 依赖，依靠，指望；信赖 depend on/upon 依赖，依靠；取决于 count on/upon 依赖，依靠 rely on/upon sb./sth. to do 依赖某人(某物)去做 rely on it that. 相信, 放心, 指望 reliable adj.可靠的，可信赖的reliably adv.可靠地 You cant only rely on your parents to g

13、ive you the money. You may rely on it that he will come to meet you. You can rely on me to keep your secret.= trust 20.carry out 执行，履行，实施，实现carry on继续，保持carry away 带走，冲走carry in 携带，输入 Tom finally carried out his promise to quit smoking. We should carry on Chinese traditions.二、经典句型 背诵仿写Im too busy en

14、joying my life now to worry about the future! 我现在忙于享受生活而无暇担心未来！ too + adj.+ (for sb./ sth.) to do sth. 太以致于(某人/某物)不能做某事 = so.that.not The gate is too narrow for a car to get through. The gate is so narrow that a car cant get through. The problem is so difficult for me to work out. too too.not to do

15、太不会不/非常必定能 She is too careful not to have noticed that spelling mistake. 她太细心了，不会不注意那些拼写错误。她非常细心，必定能注意那些拼写错误。too 后为 anxious，eager，glad，happy，pleased，excited，ready，satisfied，kind，willing，difficult等表示态度、心情、倾向等方面的形容词时，too 相当于very much，表示肯定意义；The students were too glad to go back home for the Spring Fes

16、tival. 学生们非常高兴回家过年。BOOK 4 Module 2一、重点单词 精讲精练1.provide vt. 提供；供给 provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物 supply sb. with sth.supply sth. to sb. offer sb. sth.offer sth. to sb. provided/providing that “假如/如果” The farmers provide us with grain and vegetables. Did your parents provide

17、 money for you in the university? 2.convenient adj.方便的，便捷的 convenience n.方便，便捷 convenient 常用it 作主语,不能用sb.做主语 it is convenient for sb. to do A be convenient to/for B If it is convenient for you，well come tomorrow. 如果你方便的话，我们明天就来。 Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow? 3.solution n.解答；答

18、案；解决方案 solve vt.解决；解答 the solution to the problem the answer to the questionthe key to the door/questionthe entrance to the buildingthe reply to your letterthe reaction to sth.4.mood n.心情, 心境; 情绪 moody adj. 喜怒无常的；情绪化的 be/feel in the mood for sth.= be/feel in the mood to do sth.有做某事的心情 be/feel in no

19、mood for sth.= be/feel in no mood to do sth.没有做某事的心情 She feels too in the mood to dance. 5. wire n. 电线a live wire 一条通着电的电线6. urban adj. 市区的； suburban adj. 郊区的；市郊的subway 地铁 submarine 潜水艇 subconsciousness 潜意识7. display vt. 展示；陈列on display = on show = on exhibition 展览, 展出8.be/get stuck in 陷入；被困于 be/get

20、 trapped inbe/get caught in Stuck in such difficult situation, Jason lost his hope. I was late because I had been stuck in traffic for nearly an hour. get + did 表示某种状态或动作get burnt被烧伤get paid得到报酬get separated被分散开get hurt受伤 get dressed穿衣get lost 迷路get married 结婚get drunk 喝醉We dont want to get separate

21、d in the market at the moment. Jason got married last month. 9.in no time 立刻，马上 at once,right now,right away,immediately at no time绝不，从来没有at a time每次，一次 at one time 曾经，一度at all times随时，总是at times = some times有时at any time随时，任何时候at the same time同时all/throughout the time一直，始终in a short time 很快地on time

22、 按时，准时 in time 及时10.be worth doing/n. 值得做doing 主动表被动The movie is worth watching. be worthy + of being done/to be done/n. it is worthwhile doing sth./ to do sth. The movie is worthy of being watched.The movie is worthy to be watched. It is worthwhile watching/to watch the movie. 那个地方值得一去。 (1)The plac

23、e is worth a visit. (2)The place is worth visiting. (3)The place is worthy of a visit. (4)The place is worthy of being visited. (5)The place is worthy to be visited. (6)It is worthwhile visiting the place. (7)It is worthwhile to visit the place.11. get around 四处走动look around环顾四周go/walk around四处走走run

24、 around到处跑/绕圈跑12. keep cool/calm 保持冷静calm down 冷静下来 no way肯定不；没门儿in no way绝不on ones way to在某人去往.的路上in the/ones way阻碍(某人) in the way of用的方法by the way顺便说一下二、经典句型 背诵仿写1.You should not only listen to the teachers and your classmates pronunciation，but also to tapes and broadcasting.你不但应该听你老师和同学们的发音， 还应该听

25、录音带和广播。 not only.but also “不但而且” not only.but also. 连接并列的主语时，谓语动词采用就近原则(就近but also) Not only Jason but also I am a writer. not only.but also. 连接两个句子时，如果not only 位于句首, 其后的句子要使用部分倒装，but also所在句子不倒装。Not only did Han Han write some books, but also I directed a movie. 不仅是大人，学生也必须节约自然资源。 Not only adults b

26、ut also students should save natural resources. 我们不仅可以一起骑车上学，而且还可以一起在食堂吃午饭。 We can not only ride bikes to go to school together but also have lunch in the dining hall. 不仅我们应该节约用水，而且我们还应该阻止别人浪费水。Not only should we save water, but also we should prevent others from wasting water. 2.Whats more，central

27、London shops did not lose business even though there were fewer cars.更重要的是，即使车辆更少了，市中心的商店并未因此而减少营业额。 whats more 而且，还有，除此以外，更重要的是 thats to say 也就是说； to be honest 老实说； to make things worse 更糟糕的是； to tell the truth 说实话； worse still更糟糕的是； believe it or not 信不信由你； in other words 换句话说； to begin with 首先 ev

28、en though = even if 即使, 尽管 as if = as though 似乎, 好像 BOOK 4 Module 3一、重点单词 精讲精练1. communicate vi.&vt.交流,沟通,通讯 communication n. 交流,沟通,通讯communicate with 与交流/沟通/通信 communicate sth. to sb.把某事通知/传达给某人be in communication with sb.与某人互通信息communication skills沟通技巧 He had no way to communicate with his you

29、nger brother. Did she communicate my wishes to you? 2.vary vi.变化 various adj. 各种各样的, 种类繁多的 varied adj. 各种各样的, 变化多端的 variety n. 变化, 种类 vary with 随变化vary in 在方面不同，有差异vary from 不同于vary from.to. 由到情况不等a variety of=varieties of 各种各样的，形形色色的We will do varieties of trips during the next year It brings more

30、various/varied challenges than those of the past two years.3.deal n.协议，交易；v. 处理，应付 deal with = do with 处理，应付what + do with how + deal with make a deal with 与做成一笔交易； 与达成协议a great/good deal of + u 许多 a big deal 重要的事/人 Thats /Its a deal. 就这么办。/一言为定。 I dont know how they deal with it.I dont know what th

31、ey do with it.In many peoples opinion,that company is pleasant to deal with.4. involve vt. 包括，涉及；卷入 involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人卷入某事 get/be involved in 被卷入get/be involved with sb.与某人混在一起 be involved in ，be absorbed in， be devoted to，be lost in， be buried in，be occupied in 致力于，专心于They were involve

32、d in a heated argument.You shouldnt get involved with him any more. be + adj./n. + to do (系，表 + to do) 主动表被动Coffee is bitter to drinkThe movie is interesting to watchThe clothes are quick to dry5. request n.&vt.要求，请求 request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 request that (should) do make a request for 提出要求

33、at ones request 应某人的要求request sth. from/of sb.向某人请求某事/索要某物in (great) request 急需6. favo(u)r n.恩惠, 帮助 vt.支持；喜爱，偏爱favourable adj. 赞成的，有利的 favourite adj. 最喜爱的do a favour for sb. = do sb. a favour 帮某人忙do sb. the favour to do sth.帮某人一个忙去做某事ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙 in favour of 同意，支持 in sb.s favour 对某人有利 M

34、ay I ask a favour of you? Can you do me the favour to take the box to the office?7. conscious adj. 故意的；有知觉的, 清醒的 consciousness n. 意识, 知觉 consciously adj. 有意地, 故意地 unconscious adj. 无意的；昏迷的 unconsciousness n. 昏迷 unconsciously adv. 无意地8. threaten v. 威胁, 恐吓 threatening adj. 恐吓的；具有威胁的 threatened adj. 受到威

35、胁的 threat n. 威胁, 恐吓 threaten to do 威胁/恐吓/扬言要做threaten sb. with sth. 用某事/物威胁某人9. slightly adv. 轻微地；稍微 fiercely 猛烈地, 凶猛地 severely 严峻地, 剧烈地 10. bow vi. 鞠躬 = bend over 11. stare at 凝视, 盯着 12. religion n. 宗教 religious adj. 宗教的13. blank adj. 空白的(表格/大脑) vacant 无人占用的 empty 空无一物的 14. performance n. 表演 perfor

36、mer n. 表演者 perform vi. 表演/执行/做手术 15. hold up 举起；阻碍，耽搁 lift up = put up = raise 举起 hold off = put off 推迟；延迟 They had been held up on the road by an traffic accident, so they were late. 16. give away 暴露, 捐赠, 失去 She decided to give these old clothes away.You had given away a good chance of success when

37、 you were failed in the exam. give up 放弃,戒除 give in 屈服, 让步 give out 用光 give off 散发17. by accident 偶然地= by chance by design = on purpose故意地 18. on guard （保持）警惕 guard n. 守卫, 保安; 警惕 bodyguard n. 保镖 5. up and down 一上一下地, 来来往往地 The cars are running on the street up and down. now and then 有时, 偶尔here and t

38、here 到处more or less或多或少sooner or later迟早step by step逐步地little by little逐渐地by and by不久以后二、经典句型 背诵仿写1Indeed,body positions are part of what we call “body language”.的确，身体的姿态是我们所称的“身势语”的一部分。 名词性从句缺成分 - what不缺成分 - that There is clear evidence that pollution is related to many diseases. 有明显的证据表明许多疾病都和吸烟有关

39、。There is clear evidence that smoking is related to many diseases. 2.Like other animals，we are on guard until we know it is safe to relax.像其他动物一样，我们时刻保持警惕，直到我们感觉安全了才会放松。 until/ notuntil “直到为止/直到才” It is not until + 时状从+ that + 主句 Not until + 时状从 + 主句的倒装句。 直到我第二天早晨见到玛丽才感到高兴。 It was not until I saw Ma

40、ry next morning that I felt happy 直到她到了家才发现她丢了项链。 Not until she got home did she realize that she had lost her necklace.直到环境被严重的破坏了人们才真正意识到环境保护的重要性。 It was not until the environment was seriously damaged that people realized the importance of environmental protection .BOOK 4 Module 4一、重点单词 精讲精练1.sup

41、port v.& n.支持，拥护，支撑，供养 supporter n.支持者；拥护者； supportable adj.能支持住的； supportive adj.支持的，给予帮助的 support sb. in sth.在某方面支持某人 in support后备的 in support of 支持；支援；拥护 support a family 供养家庭give/lend support to支持，支援 We have 10 people to do the cooking，with several more in support. Will you support me in my

42、election? 2. quantity n.量；数量 quality n. 质量, 品质a quantity of 大量的 谓单 quantities of 大量的 谓复 in quantity 大量地 If you buy it in quantity, its much cheaper. There is a quantity of books in the library. A quantity of money has been spent in bringing up his children.Quantities of money have been spent in brin

43、ging up his children.3.escape v.& n.逃跑；逃避 escape from 从逃脱 escape (doing) sth. 逃避(做)某事 narrowly escape doing sth. 很险地逃过做某事 a lucky escape 幸运逃脱 a narrow escape九死一生 Leo always makes mistakes, but he is lucky to escape being punished every time. 4.clear adj.清澈的, 清晰的, 清楚的 vt.使清澈，使清楚，扫清； vi.变清澈,天放晴,烟雾

44、消散； clear the table收拾桌子 clear ones throat 清清嗓子 clear away 把收拾走，清除掉 clear up 天气转晴 clear sth. up清理某物 clear out处理掉 make.clear 清楚表明，讲清楚 They wanted to make it clear that they did an important and necessary job. 5. leading adj. 主要的 lead v. 领导, 引领 lead to 导致 leader n. 领导, 首领 a leading reason 一个主要的原因 a lea

45、ding figure 一个重要/领军的人物6. educate vt. 教育 education n. 教育 educator n. 教育者/ educated adj. 受过教育的, 有教养的7. original adj. 原来的；最初的 initial adj. 起初的, 开始的 initially = at first = at the beginning8. publish vt. 出版(有被动) = come out (无被动)9. export vt. 出口 import vt. 进口 10. replace vt. 取代；以代替 replace A with B in pla

46、ce of = take the place of 取代11. brief adj. 简短的；简洁的 belief n. 信念, 相信 relief n. 安慰, 慰藉 12. graduate vi. 毕业 graduation n. graduate from 从毕业 13. explosion n. 爆炸 explode vi. 爆炸 expose v. 曝光, 暴露 exposure n. 曝光, 暴露 be exposed to 接触到, 暴露在中 explore v. 探索 exploration n. 14.earn a/ones living 谋生 earn/make mone

47、y 挣钱 earn a fortune 赚了一笔钱，发财 get/make a/ones living 谋生 live/lead a life 过着样的生活15.instead of doing 代替，而不是 take the place of 代替 in place of instead adv.反而；代替, 取而代之的是 Now I walk to work instead of driving a car. 二、经典句型 背诵仿写1.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in

48、 a straight direction.这些管子被系在一根用来帮助火箭直线运动的长木棍上。 keep sb./sth. doing/done/adj./adv./介词短语 使某人或某物保持某种状态 Jack is late again. It is typical of him to keep others waiting. His crimes kept him in prison for three years.政府应该采取一系列措施来使河流保持清澈和干净。The government should take a series of measures to keep the river

49、s clear and clean. 2.But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.但并不是每个人都想把火箭用于战争中。 部分否定 not 与以下的词出现在同一个句子中all,both,everything,everywhere,everybody, whole,altogether,entirely,quite 全部否定 none,neither,no,never All the guests are not from Shanghai. Not all the guests are from Shanghai.None of th

50、e guests is from Shanghai. Both of the brothers are not scientists. Neither of the brothers is scientists. 并不是我们所有的习惯都有利于健康。 Not all of our habits are good for our health.All of our habits are not good for our health. BOOK 4 Module 5一、重点单词 精讲精练1.surround vt.围绕；环绕 surrounding adj . 周围的，附近的 surroundin

51、gs n. 环境(身边的人或事物) be surrounded by/with 被围绕着；周围是 May you be surrounded by joy and happiness. The hospital, surrounded by many trees，is good for patients. They spoke highly of the surroundings of the city and decided to settle down here. (surround) 2.trade vi.&vt. 做生意；交易；交换； n.贸易，商业trade sth. wit

52、h sb. 与某人交易/交换某物 trade in sth. 做方面的生意 trade A (with sb.) for B = exchange A for B以A交换B Can I trade my tobacco with you for your matches? 3.forbid vt. 禁止 forbad(e)-forbidden forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 forbid doing sth. 禁止做某事 = ban doing Its forbidden to do sth. 做某事是被禁止的 allow/permit sb. to do sth.

53、 允许某人做 allow/permit doing sth. 允许做某事 The doctor forbids him to smoke. Smoking is forbidden during office hours. 4.view n. 风景；观点；视野；v. 看；眺望 view 常指从特定之处眺望到的远景。 in view = in sight 在视野之内 in view of 鉴于；由于 in ones view 依照某人的观点 from the point of ones view 据某人看来 依照某人观点/据某人看来 in ones opinionaccording to sb.

54、as far as sb. be concernedfor ones partpersonally (speaking)as to sb. (1)His view of life is different from yours. 观点(2)She was soon lost from view among the crowd. 视野，视线(3)The attack on the ship was viewed as an act of war. 看，视作(4)In view of this，the decision may not be easy. 鉴于be viewed as 视作为5.naturally adv. 自然地；当然地；天生地 Naturally，as a beginner Im not good at speaking English yet.我初学英语，自然说的还不是很好。 Some individuals are naturally go