新编剑桥商务英语unit11PPT课件

1、11.1 Ethical economicsReading: Coffeenomics1Vocabulary: Financial and trade terms2Speaking: The economics of your country3Grammar: Articles4Listening: Fairtrade5Speaking: Giving reasons and benefits6第1页/共42页1. The two photos below show the beginning and the end of the process of making coffee. Work

2、in pairs. How many stages can you think of in between to complete the process?- coffee grown- coffee picked- coffee transported- coffee packed- coffee sold and shipped- coffee sold on to shops- coffee bought and drunk第2页/共42页2. Write in the correct letter, A-F, for the missing sentences to complete

3、the text. There is one extra sentence.A. This process alone adds at least 50% to its price.B. Here, coffee production is the staple crop for many millions of growers.C. The only bit controlled in the Fairtrade system is the price a farmer is paid for produce.D. Coffee is the second most traded commo

4、dity in the world after oil.E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is above standard market rates.F. Local council taxes add another 25,000 to that.Coffeenomics: the true cost of our caffeine addiction The next time you hand over 3 for your deluxe cappuccino, ask

5、yourself how much the roasted beans that went into that cup really cost. For your average cup of coffee, the producer receives roughly 10p thats about 3.5%. This disparity is causing increasing concern among some charities who believe that the excessive profits of coffee shop chains come at the expe

6、nse of vulnerable coffee producers in countries like Ethiopia, Kenya or Latin America. (1)_. For example, in Ethiopia alone, 15 million people depend on第3页/共42页the coffee trade, which constitutes around 50% of the countrys gross domestic product (GDP) and 90% of its exports. The average wage paid to

7、 laborers who pick the beans and work on farms is about 50p a day. So where do the added costs come from? According to experts, by the time it is consumed by us in our homes or in a coffee shop, the bean may actually change hands up to 150 times, each time facing a mark-up as it is transported, roas

8、ted, packaged and sold. (2)_. Then another 10% in export costs with freight and insurance before an importer takes over. Finally, it is sold to us in a coffee shop and running a coffee shop is not cheap. For example, take your typical coffee shop in a shopping precinct, seating 75 inside and 50 outs

9、ide. The rent is 20,000 a year. (3)_. In other words, even before adding staffing costs and overheads, setting aside an mount for redecoration and maintenance on the property, this particular coffee shop needs to sell a minimumA. This process alone adds at least 50% to its price.B. Here, coffee prod

10、uction is the staple crop for many millions of growers.C. The only bit controlled in the Fairtrade system is the price a farmer is paid for produce.D. Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world after oil.E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is above

11、 standard market rates.F. Local council taxes add another 25,000 to that.第4页/共42页of 50,000 coffees a year, or 200 coffees a day. Factor in these additional costs and we are probably talking about a break-even total of 400 coffees a day. However, irrespective of how much we end up paying or the reaso

12、ns why, the reality is that growers themselves see only a tiny proportion of that amount. Organizations like Fairtrade do try to make a difference. (4)_. For example, a farmer selling a pound of Fairtrade Arabica coffee is paid $1.26 compared to the world market price of $1.10 a pound. The Fairtrade

13、 price also includes 5 which is invested back into community projects. Many shops and coffee bars do now offer Fairtrade coffee to customers alongside their standard offering, but not all of that inflated price goes to the grower. (5)_. After that, mark-ups are determined by the retailers and middle

14、men. That said, at least Fairtrade is one small step that does help farmers around the world get a better price for their products.A. This process alone adds at least 50% to its price.B. Here, coffee production is the staple crop for many millions of growers.C. The only bit controlled in the Fairtra

15、de system is the price a farmer is paid for produce.D. Coffee is the second most traded commodity in the world after oil.E. It guarantees to pay growers a fixed proportion for their coffee, which is above standard market rates.F. Local council taxes add another 25,000 to that.第5页/共42页3. These four v

16、isual aids refer to the economics of the coffee trade. Read the article above and write in the missing facts and figures in these visual aids.3Only (1)_ goes to the grower.EXPORTS10% = OTHER90% = (7)_10p (pence)coffee第6页/共42页Coffee Shop OutgoingsSalaries 115,000(5)_ 65,000(6)_ 20,000Overheads 80,500

17、11.051.11.151.21.251.3World $1.10Fairtrade (8)$_Key facts: Ethiopia(2)_ million people in coffee trade(3)_% of GDP(4)_ pence = a laborers pay per day155050rentservice charge第7页/共42页Vocabulary: Financial and trade termsMatch these definitions to the words in bold in the article.1. People who handle g

18、oods between the producer and the retailer. _2. A large difference (in price, for example). _3. Be bought and sold. _4. Cost of heating, lighting and electricity. _5. Take items into account to calculate costs. _6. The amount needed to pay costs before profit. _7. The amount added to the product whe

19、n it is sold. _8. Goods which are transported by ships, planes, lorries, etc. _9. The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year. _10. Organizations which help and represent the interests of a group of people in need, _disparity charities gross domestic product change hands

20、mark-up freight overheads factor in break-even total middlemenmiddlemendisparitychange handsoverheadsfactor inbreak-even totalmark-upfreightgross domestic productcharities第8页/共42页Speaking: The economics of your countryWork in small groups and discuss the following questions about each of your countr

21、ies. If you dont know all the answers to the questions, try to find out for the next lesson and prepare a short presentation.1) Is there a large disparity between rich and poor in your country?2) Do you think the disparity between poor and rich countries can be controlled? Should it be controlled?*

22、The top 20% of the population consumes 50% of overall national income, while the bottom 20% have to make do with a mere 4.7%.* Income inequality has worsened rapidly.* If these trends continue there could be serious social unrest.* Rich countries can support poor countries in finance, technology, ed

23、ucation, culture, health care donation or low-interest loan.* International organizations formulate favorable policies in support of poor countries.* International agencies can strengthen national efforts to achieve greater equity.第9页/共42页3) What are some of the biggest charities in your country? Do

24、 they have much influence over your government and businesses?4) What are the most important products and services for your countrys GDP?* Among biggest charities in China are China Charity Federation, Red Cross Society of China, Chinese Red Cross Foundation, China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation

25、, Project Hope, to mention a few.* Influence and assist governments decisions* Help government effectively in times of natural disasters.* Important products and services for Chinas GDP include coal, power, steel, house-hold appliances, financing, catering and tourism.* IT products and services, ele

26、ctromechanical products, financing and tourism are pillar industries for national economy in China.第10页/共42页Grammar: ArticlesWrite in the missing articles the, a, an or 0 (the zero article) in this text about Fairtrade.(1)_ Fairtrade is (2)_ international certification mark used in 21 countries as (

27、3)_ marketing initiative to help developing nations. Britain has (4)_ largest Fairtrade market in (5)_ world, which has seen (6)_ amazing increase over the last five years. The organization is also strong in (7)_ Netherlands, where Fairtrade first started, and in Switzerland and Scandinavia. Origina

28、lly started in 1989 as (8)_ scheme to help poor producers, (9)_ Fairtrade Foundation was established three years later. Now there are over (10)_ 550 certified producers representing over one million farmers in 52 countries.第11页/共42页语法小结要点解释：语法小结要点解释：定冠词the用于1）某些国名，2）形容词最高级，3）独一无二的事物，4）之前已提到过的人或者事物 e

29、g. The United States is among those countries interested. China is the biggest producer of these goods. Whos the supplier in your country? The leaders will hold talks on trade.不定冠词a, an用于1）工作，2）单数名词，3）一些数字。 eg. Im a finance director. This is an international certification mark. I only have a hundred

30、 left.以下场合不用冠词（0冠词）：1）城市、乡镇及大多数国名，2）复数名词 eg. Madrid is my favorite destination. When do you fly to China? Leaders of the G8 countries are meeting in Toronto this weekend.第12页/共42页Listening: Fairtrade1. Can you buy these Fairtrade products in your country? Would you buy these products even if they we

31、re more expensive? Why? Why not?第13页/共42页第14页/共42页As to cosmetics, the most famous is the Body Shop, pioneers of fair trade for 20 years now.They arent cheap, but theyre ethically right and usually of extremely high quality.Ethical buying / shopping can mean buying products from companies or stores

32、who care about the ethics of what they produce; and boycotting the ones who dont.Shop / buy with a clear conscienceSpend ethicallyEthical and sustainable goodsImportant to support local workers or farmers and their rights第15页/共42页2. Listen to an interview with Ian Bretman, the deputy director of the

33、 Fairtrade Foundation. Choose the best ending A, B or C for each sentence 1-8.1) The Fairtrade Foundation began in A. 1989. B. 1990. C. 19922) When the United States withdrew from the international coffee agreement, the price of coffee decreased by A. 50% B. 0.5% C. twenty million.3) One way Fairtra

34、de helps farmers is by giving advice on how to A. diversify by growing other crops. B. produce more coffee. C. be profitable in a global market.4) One of Fairtrades main messages to governments is that A. trade can be managed more effectively. B. economic growth is the best strategy. C. they must in

35、vest more in producers.第16页/共42页5. Ian believes that Fairtrade and free trade A. cannot both exist. B. can operate together. C. are basically the same thing.6. Even though a country may increase its wealth through business, this does not guarantee A. it can compete internationally. B. everyone recei

36、ves the benefits. C. social justice.7. If producers are successful, they will also A. invest in the economy. B. become the people who buy products. C. be able to supply more coffee.8. As well as improving its public image, a Fairtrade company will A. sell more. B. attract more talented staff. C. att

37、ract well-informed consumers.第17页/共42页Listening scriptI = Interviewer IB = Ian BretmanI: So, Ian. I understand that the original idea for Fairtrade came in 1989. How did it happen?IB: Actually, the Fairtrade Foundation itself was finally set up in 1992, but yes, youre right, the catalyst for the spr

38、ead of Fairtrade was three years earlier when the international coffee agreement that controlled prices collapsed with the withdrawal of the US. At that time coffee was the worlds biggest agricultural commodity. In a few months the price fell by half. It was a huge disaster for the twenty million pe

39、ople growing and processing coffee around the world. Many of the producing countries were dependent on coffee for over half their exports.I: Can you give us some examples of how you help, exactly?IB: One way is that we encourage producers to learn how to compete effectively in international markets.

40、 We help farmers coming into the system to develop the capacity to cope with fulfilling demand and we set a minimum guaranteed price for their products.第18页/共42页I: I see. But as well as helping farmers directly, you also have influence on governments, dont you? I mean, governments are talking more a

41、nd more about fairer global tradeIB: Yes, were finding that the issues weve been talking about for the past ten years are moving up the agenda. For example, were having more of a debate on how we can achieve economic growth and social justice, as both are needed. As a result, leaders of larger Fairt

42、rade organizations have been invited to high-level international meetings and economic forums. We can use our experience to illustrate to governments how trade can be better managed.I: But how do you convince people who say economic growth is the answer to everything? Dont these people argue that Fa

43、irtrade isnt good for free trade?IB: Well, I worked in business for a long time and so I understand the need for a free market, but it seems unlikely to me that when it comes to social problems, like global poverty, the answer is just an economic one, because social choices have to be made, too. Our

44、 point is really about priorities. Increasing flows of trade will help wealth but that does not necessarily guarantee that this wealth goes down to the people who need it most. That requires a little bit more management. Fairtrade has practical experience on 第19页/共42页the ground in how you can combin

45、e the best of both. How you can get people to operate effectively and competitively while trading in a way that producers can earn a decent living and improve their lives. In the long run, if they do improve their lives, they too will become consumers and purchasers.I: So is this the message you giv

46、e businesses to make them change to Fairtrade products?IB: Its in the interest of any business to take the message on board, not only to improve their public image but also as a recruiting tool for the future. They younger generation is well informed and wants to be part of the solution. Companies f

47、ind that having a social conscience has a positive effect on recruiting and retaining good staff. Staff get excited about persuading consumers to buy products that make a difference to peoples lives.I: It sounds like thats what motivates you, too.IB: For my part yes- meeting the producers and seeing

48、 what a difference Fairtrade can make to their lives is really quite inspiring.第20页/共42页Speaking: Giving reasons and benefitsA coffee shop in your town is thinking of selling Fairtrade coffee. However, it is concerned that this may be more expensive.Imagine you and your partner work for Fairtrade. Y

49、ou are going to try and convince the coffee shop to use coffee from your producers. Discuss and prepare: * A list of reasons why the coffee shop should change. * A list of benefits for the coffee shop, its staff and its customers.Afterwards, present your ideas to the rest of the class.第21页/共42页* A l

50、ist of reasons why the coffee shop should change. * A list of benefits for the coffee shop, its staff and its customers.- protect poor farmers and their rights- an indication of caring about the ethics of what they sell- positive image of being friendly to environment and coffee growers- consumers l

51、ikely to pay more for ethically-traded coffee- feel good and comfortable because its ethically right.- give one a sense of doing something for poor farmers.- buy with a clear conscience- Fairtrade coffee usually enjoys high quality which would benefit the customer.第22页/共42页A proposalDescribing trend

52、sAlternative energy sourcesGood greedSpeakingWritingVocabularyReading11.2 Discussing trendsListeningReasons for trendsSpeakingDiscussing trends第23页/共42页Speaking: Alternative energy sources1. With some types of energy running out, countries are looking at alternative ways of producing energy for the

53、future. To do this will require financial investment. Which of these would you invest your money in? Explain why?第24页/共42页W i n d p o w e r h a s a l r e a d y b e e n implemented in many countries though some people say it can never provide enough energy on its own. The initial cost is also very hi

54、gh.Solar power is being widely used either on peoples own houses or in the form of huge areas of land with solar panels. The cost of technology is falling for this energy so it looks like a good investment. 第25页/共42页Bio fuels which make use of residue from plants are already used in some cars. They

55、look set to provide one solution to the lack of petrol fuels.Coal is criticized for the pollution it creates and many countries are looking at alternatives which suggests it isnt a good investment. However, in some parts of the world such as China there are huge coal reserves which are only now bein

56、g mined and used in power station. In this case coal may still be a good investment but be bad for the environment.第26页/共42页Wave power has many of the same pros and cons as wind power.Nuclear power has attracted bad publicity in the past but more recently many governments have returned to the idea o

57、f building nuclear power stations in the next century in order to solve the potential shortage of energy. Private investment may yet provide good returns.第27页/共42页Reading: Good greed 1. Now read the article on the next page about investing in solar power. Choose the best word A,B,C or D to fill in t

58、he gaps 1-15.90 93 96 99 02 035040302010 0Average price in cents per kwh for residential electricityCost of solar energy per kilowatt-hour第28页/共42页“Good Greed” Do you want to know how to (1)_ money and do you bit for the environment? Investing (2)_ something that will save the planet is becoming eas

59、ier as the private (3)_ begins to step in with powerful, profitable-driven for huge world problems. Take energy, for example. More and more investors are now looking to risk huge (4)_ in alternative energies safe in the knowledge that the world is not safe from carbon emissions. Solar power is one s

60、uch case. There are a dozen or so (5)_ traded companies that manufacture solar materials or systems. And some big-name billion-stocks; one producer of high-efficiency solar-power cells, for example, was recently trading (7)_ the stock market at more than 166 times earnings.1. A. do B. make C. have D