高二英语Unit5冀教版知识精讲

1、高二英语 unit 5 冀教版【本讲教育信息本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：unit 5单元单元 重点词汇：重点词汇：1. flight n. 飞行；逃走；飞跃；飞机的航程；班机；追逐the flight was quite smooth. we had a very pleasant journey.飞行很顺利。我们的旅途十分愉快。 they made a successful flight across the ocean. 他们成功飞越大洋。2. puzzle n.难题；谜语；（使）迷惑；（使）为难；迷惑不解 puzzle 常用作及物动词，表示“使人对感到疑惑不解” ；puzzling 常

2、表示事情的性质与特征， “使迷惑的，使莫明其妙的” ；puzzled 意为“感到莫名其妙的” 。 the murder case continued to puzzle the police. 警方依然对凶杀案感到疑惑不解。 i felt puzzled and upset. what on earth did he want with me?我感到不解和不安。他究竟要我干什么? with a school record like yours im puzzled why you didnt try for a university scholarship? 以你这样的成绩，我很纳闷你为何没有

3、努力争取大学奖学金？his face wore a puzzled expression. 他的脸上露出一副疑惑的表情。 i find this affair very puzzling. 我觉得这事莫名其妙。3. average n 平均；平均水平；平均数。adj. 一般的；通常的；vt.平均为；均分；使平衡；达到平均水平 the average of 3 and 10 and 5 is 6. 3，10 和 5 的平均值为 6。 he is about average in his lessons. 他的功课在班上属于中等水平。 he smokes twenty cigarettes a d

4、ay on an average. 他平均每天吸 20 支烟。 on anthe average there are twenty boys in every class. 每班平均有 20 个男生。 the average age of the boys in this class is 16. 这些男生的平均年龄为 16 岁。 the cost of my lunches averaged one dollar a day.我的午饭平均每天花费 1 美元。4. aware adj.知道的；明白的；意识到的 与 of 引起的短语连用表示“意识到、察觉到” 。如： she was aware

5、of the fact，but she could not face it yet. 她意识到这一事实，但是还不能正视它。 跟 that 从句。如： everyone was aware that they were in danger. 大家都意识到他们处境危险。 与连接副词 how 连用。如： i was too sleepy to be aware how cold it was. 我太困了，察觉不到天有多冷。5. base n. 底部；基础；根据地；基地；本部；基数；(运动)出发点 vt. 以作基础；基于常与介词 on 连用。如： i base my hope on the news

6、we had yesterday. 我把希望建立在昨天所听到的信息上。 this novel is based on the historical facts. 这本小说以历史事实为依据。marx went to england and made london the base of his revolutionary work.马克思来到英国，把伦敦作为他从事革命工作的根据地。6. character n. (事物的)特性；性质；特征(的总和)；(人的)品质；字符；性格；特征；人物 vt. 写；刻；印；使具有特征what does her handwriting tell you about

7、 her character?通过她写的字，你看出了她什么性格? i dont like the character of the desert landscape.我不喜欢沙漠风光。mickey mouse and donald are both main characters of a disney cartoon tv series. 米老鼠和唐老鸭都是一部迪斯尼动画片的主要角色。7. power n. 能力；力量；动力；权力 power 可指能力、权力、体力、智力、操纵力、控制力、影响力、风力、水动力、核动力、电力等等。 ill do everything in my power to

8、 help you. 我将尽我所能帮助你。his power is failing. that is to say he is becoming weak. 他的体力在下降，或者说他正在变得虚弱。this government came into power at the last election.这届政府在最后的选举中上台执政。the united states and russia are world powers in international affairs.在国际事务中，美国和俄罗斯是世界大国。8. regular adj.办规则的；有秩序的；经常的；合格的；定期的 regula

9、r breathing 均匀的呼吸，a regular heart beat 正常的心跳，regular teeth 整齐的牙齿 a regular customer 老主顾、常客，a regular offender 惯犯，a regular soldier 正规士兵9. scene n. 现场，场面；情景，景色；发生地点；（戏剧）一场；布景，道具布置 we came to the scene of the accident at once. 我们立刻赶到事故现场。it reminded us of the miserable scene of the big earthquake. 这使我

10、们想起了那场大地震的悲惨一幕。 we will go abroad for a change of scene. 我们将出国旅行换换风景。such are the lines of the act 1，scene 2 of hamlet. 这是哈姆雷特第二场第一幕中的台词。10. host n. 主人，东道主；旅馆老板；（广播，电视的）节目主持人vt.（作主人或东道主） ，主办，主持；以主人身份招待we are proud to get the chance to host the 2008 olympic games. 我们为有机会做 2008 奥运会的东道主感到自豪。 yesterday

11、we were hosts to a few friends. 昨天我们招待了几位朋友。we attended a dinner party hosted by the president of the company.我们参加了由公司总裁举行的聚餐会。重要句型：重要句型：1. know its root and you will understand its origin.(p. 57)了解了它的词根你就明白了它的词源。 祈使句+ andor句型相当于一个包含有条件状语的复合句。and 前面的肯定祈使句相当于一个肯定的条件句，or 前面的肯定祈使句相当于一个否定的条件句，or 前面的否定祈使

12、句相当于一个肯定的条件句；前面的祈使句有时可以是一个短语；or 有时可用otherwise 代替。如： work hard，and you will be admitted to a key university. =if you work hard，you will be admitted to a key university. 努力吧，你会进入重点大学。 a bit more efforts，and the problems could be settled. =if you make a bit more efforts，the problems could be settled. 再

13、加把劲，问题就解决了。 come on time, or you wont see her. =if you dont come on time，you wont see her. 准时来，要不你见不到她。dont have the machine running all the time, otherwise it will be out of order.=if you have the machine running all the time ,it will be out of order. 别让机器转个不停，要不它会坏掉的。 2. as with any good detective

14、 arriving on the crime scene, the first thing to do when meeting a new and difficult word is to assess the situation, to look at everything that is known and see if it helps us to understand its meaning.(p. 57)如同任何一个来到犯罪现场的出色侦探，在遇到一个生僻词时首先要做的就是依据语境来判断哪些是已知，并且琢磨是否可以借助已知来推测生僻词的意思。 as with 表示“正如一样” ，是

15、as it is the same with 的省略形式。如： as with drawing a picture, you should be patient and careful in doing that job.正如同画画一样，在做工作时应该既要有耐心，又要认真。as with other mental disorders, the most important part of treatment is to first identify the problem.正如其他心理失调一样，治疗的最重要方面就是首先确定问题所在。3. you usually find old and wis

16、e people sitting in the senate.(p. 58)你通常发现上了年纪的智者是参议院的议员。finddoing表示“发现在做” ，doing作宾语补足语。能用于这一句型中的谓语动词除了 find 外还有 feel，see，hear，notice，watch，keep，get，have 等。如：jefferson also found his memory failing.杰斐逊也发现他的记忆力不行了。dont you feel the wind coming from the southeast?难道你没感觉出这是东南风吗?the lack of money keeps

17、 him working day and night .缺钱使他夜以继日地工作。how can i get the car starting?我如何才能让这辆车启动呢?词义区别：词义区别：either，neither，both，all, each，every，none 等不定代词的用法 1. all 和 both 的用法all 和 both 相对应。all 表示三者或三者以上；both 表示两者。all 可以用作代词、形容词或副词，用作代词时可用作单数，也可作复数。all 表示“每件事物，一切(everything)” ，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：all that glitters i

18、s not gold.闪光的不都是金子。alls well that ends well.结局好，一切好。all 在表示“所有的人” ，并作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：all are present. let s begin.大家都到齐了，咱们开始吧!all are welcome.欢迎大家。形容词的 all 表示三者或三者以上“都，全部” ，后接不可数名词或可数名词复数形式。如：all roads lead to rome.条条大道通罗马。all the oil has run out.所有的油全都用光了。both 与 all 一样，可用作代词、形容词或副词，但 both 只用于两个人或

19、两件事物，只用在复数名词前，而且必须后接复数形式的动词，意思是“两者都” 。both her children go to the same school.她的两个孩子在同一个学校读书the twins are both good at singing pop songs.这对双胞胎流行歌曲唱得都很好。2. none 和 neither 的用法none 和 neither 相对应。前者“表示三者或三者以上的人或事都不” ；而后者表示“两者都不” 。none 意思是“都不，一个也没有” ，可以用来代替人或物，在句中可以作主语、宾语，可以和 of 搭配；作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数或复数；用于回答

20、以“how many” “how much”开头的特殊疑问句。 none havehas arrived. 还没有人到来。(作主语，指人) none has been found. 什么也没有找到。(作主语，指物) i wanted some more orange juice，but there was none (of the orange juice) left.我想再喝点橘汁，可是一点儿没有了。none of us is perfect; we all make mistakes.人无完人；我们都会犯错误。 how many students have finished reading

21、 the book?多少同学看完了这本书? none. 一个也没有。neither 用于表示“两者都不” ，可代替人或物，在句中可以作主语、宾语及定语，可以和 of 搭配；作主语时，谓语动词常用单数也可用复数。如：neither book is satisfactory. 两本书都令人不满意。he took neither side in the quarrel.在争吵中他不参加任何一方。which of the books did you like ? neither (of them)! 你喜欢哪本书?都不喜欢!they were both dull. 两本都很枯燥。neither of

22、the two boys has passed the geography examination.两个男孩子没有一个地理考试及格。neither of my parents is / are a doctor.我的父母都不是医生。3. either 和 any 的用法在表示两者或三者中的“任何个，随便一个”时，这两个单词相对应。either 表示“两者之间的任何一个” ，在句中可单独使用或后接 of 短语。如：there is coffee or tea. you can have either.咖啡、茶你可以任选一种。is either of the sisters coming? 这姐妹

23、俩有哪个要来吗?you can sit on either side of the boat if you keep still.如果你不乱动的话，你可坐在船的任何一端。do you speak germany or italian? 你讲德语还是意大利语?i dont speak either(of the two languages). 我都不会。im afraid that either of them will not agree to this arrangement .我担心他们两人都不会同意这样的安排的。any 表示“三者之间的任何一个” 。do(es) any of you k

24、now his address?你们中间有谁知道他的地址吗?ill help any student( any of the students ) to learn this subject well.我将帮助每个学生学好这门功课。 4. either 和 each 的用法either 表示“两者中的任何一个” ；而 each 表示“两者或三者及三者以上中的每一个” 。如：you can take either of the two tickets. 这儿有两张票，你可以随便拿一张。each of the students has a dictionary. 每个学生都有本字典。5. ever

25、y 和 each 的用法every 只能用作形容词，表示“每一个” ，侧重整体，不能与 of 搭配，只能用于总数是两个以上的人或事物，它的代词形式为 everyone，everybody，everything。如：every student in the class is here today.今天每一位学生都到了。all the students are here today.今天所有的学生都到了。在第一个句子中，我们用 every student 把学生们作为一个整体来看待；而在第二个句子中，我们说 all the students，我们考虑的是组成这一整体的许许多多个体的学生。we we

26、re attacked on every side.=we were attacked on all sides. 我们遭到来自四面八方的袭击。i enjoyed every minute of this performance.我自始至终欣赏这场演出。each 可以作代词或限定性形容词，表示“每一个” ，强调个体，可以用来表示两个或两个以上的人或事物，可以和 of 搭配。注意 each 在句中的位置：each of the teachers has a computer.= the teachers each have a computer.= the teachers have a com

27、puter each.教师们每人一台电脑。知识扫描：知识扫描：1. assign sb. to do sth 给某人布置任务 2. on one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面3. its the same with 和一样 4. have some thing to do with 与有关系5. center around 以为中心6. take turns doing/to do sth 轮流做某事7. figure out 弄明白8. at a loss/at sea 不知所措9. a host of 许多 10. due to/owing to/bec

28、ause of/thanks to 由于 11. keep track of 保持的联系 12. what if 如果将如何 13. get to the root of 刨根究底 14. as with 正如 15. be wrapped up in 埋头于，致力于 16. apply to sb for sth. 向某人申请某物 17. go through 经历，浏览 18. in a panic 处于惊慌之中 19. back and forth 前前后后 20. come into existence 开始存在 21. be enthusiastic about 对有热情 22. l

29、oan translation 直译语 23. it sounds as if 听起来好像 24. based on 在基础上 25. as time goes on 随着时间的流逝 26. in the course of 在过程中 27. up to 多达 28. had better do sth 最好做某事29. of interest =interesting 有趣 30. clues to 的线索 【模拟试题模拟试题】一、单项填空 1. whether he has gone away alone _ us. a. surprised b. puzzled c. pleased d

30、. disappointed 2. the car is too expensive for _ family. a. a usual b. an average c. a normal d a rich3. i sent e-mails to john and mary, but_ of them answered me. a. neither b. either c. none d. any4. parents being too busy now, i go to see my grandparents _. a. every a few day b. every other days

31、c. every third days d. every three days5. youre so _; i dont know why you are so absent-minded.a. puzzled b. puzzling c. to puzzle d. being puzzled6. the _ age of the boy dancers in the performance is 10.a. ordinary b. popular c. normal d. average7. mum! dont you think me _ to go to school?_. youd b

32、etter stay in bed for another two days. a. well enough; no b. enough well; yes c. well enough; yes d. strong enough; sure 8. which of these bananas do you want, this one or that one? i want _ them, they arent ripe , yet. a. neither from b. either of c. neither of d. either from9. she _ the advantage

33、s, but she didnt know how to make use of them.a. was aware of b. was sure of c. was afraid of d. was tired of10. would you like black or white coffee?_, please. i really dont mind.a. both b. none c. either d. neither11. the police came to the _ in time. all the injured were sent to the hospital.a. a

34、ct b. scene c. stage d. road12. it is beyond my _ to help you. i dont know much french.a. power b. strength c. idea d. force13. when do you think i should come for my new dress, sir?come on thursday or wednesday. _ day is ok.a. neither b. either c. every d. any14. not _ present understood what the r

35、eporter said.a. most b. all c. some d. both15. it is a pleasure for me to _ the party. youre welcome to my home.a. be hold b. take place c. have d. host16. i dont like _ big cities as beijing and shanghai.a. so b. as c. same d. such17. it is said that he has delayed the visit to paris, _?yes, _.a. i

36、s it; it is b. hasnt he; it isnt c. isnt it; he has d. hasnt he; it is18. the climb was even harder; one of my classmates had his leg broken, worse still _ of us knew where we could find a doctor.a. none b. both c. no one d. some19. what do you consider ever _ to her? a. to happen b. happening c. ha

37、ppened d. happen20. would you mind if i borrowed your new car?yes, id like to lend you_ but it.a. nothing b. anything c. everything d. something二、情景交际练习1. for anything you dont know, please consult professor zhang. _？a. does he have an encyclopedia b. is he a walking encyclopediac. is he selling an

38、encyclopedia d. is he a living encyclopedia2. mr. rich is determined to become a millionaire.sure, he is. he is_ money.a. wrapped up in b. is busy with c. never cares about d. everything but3. this cloth feels good.yes, it does. it feels _ silk but in fact it isnt.a. something like b. anything like

39、c. very like d. some how like4. _, but i have a question to ask. please go ahead. a. i hate to interrupt b. i have to interrupt c. thank you d. forgive me5. what would it be like for me to move to canada?thats hard to say. but _you will experience a cultural shock. a. nothing is for sure b. as a mat

40、ter of fact c. one thing is for sure d. to tell you the truth三、完形填空during spring break from a local college, my friend and i went downtown to shop. first, however, we 1 ourselves quite differently so that our friends might not recognize us. our clothing was not fit 2 the weather, clean but not irone

41、d, clearly not the styles 3 by most visitors to the area. both of us were slightly 4 . the aim was to look like street people and to observe what difference that made in the way other people respond to us 5 the appearance of poverty（贫困）would invite prejudice（偏见）on us.our first stop was in the bargai

42、n store（打折商店）, where we politely asked to 6 the bathroom and were refused. next we entered the lobby（大厅） of a large hotel, 7 we asked for a coffee shop and a bathroom. the door man said, “you must go to the twentieth floor.” we werent up trying out, so we wandered around the first floor and 8 . from

43、 9 we went to a second-hand shop, where we more or less blended（混合）with the 10 , and then on to the upper-scale（上等阶层） 11 and coffee shops during the lunch hour.it was prejudice time. some of the children we 12 stared, pointed, and laughed; 13 gave us long, doubting looks. clerks in stores followed u

44、s to 14 every move. in a lunchroom a second assistant 15 to the side of the cashier( 出纳员), where they took $ 2 check without asking for id; it seemed worth that price to have us 16 of the door. at one doorway a clerk physically blocked the way to prevent us from 17 . we had money to buy something sm

45、all, and we did nothing in 18 of these places to draw attention to ourselves; we merely 19 quietly in our usual manner. elsewhere we encountered ribbing（取笑）, imitating（模仿）, lack of trust, and rude stares（粗鲁的眼神）.so what did we learn? mostly 20 . we expected, what everybody knows: people judge by appe

46、arances.1. a. put b. carried c. held d. dressed2. a. for b. to c. in d. at3. a. carried b. worn c. used d. taken4. a. untidy b. tired c. excited d. sad5. a. that b. which c. whether d. it6. a. clean b. see c. enter d. check7. a. which b. where c. in that d. when8. a. left b. went c. entered d. took

47、away9. a. which b. that c. there d. then on10. a. customers b. foreigners c. students d. shop assistants11. a. people b. stores c. floors d. cases12. a. encountered b. taught c. faced d. talked13. a. old people b. adults c. young people d. students14. a. see b. look at c. watch d. notice15. a. hurri

48、ed b. stopped c. waved d. stayed16. a. out b. at c. in d. away17. a. walking b. entering c. sitting d. going18. a. which b. one c. any d. anything19. a. talked b. laughed c. worked d. shopped20. a. that b. which c. those d. what四、阅读理解 if a person tells you that something is “the real mccoy”, he is t

49、elling you it is the real thing, not a copy. it is the best that can be found. there are different ideas on how the expression came into use. perhaps the most popular one is about a famous boxer, charles kids mccoy, a one-time famous boxing champion. one day, mccoy was having a drink in a bar with a

50、 lady friend. a man came up and began to talk to him. he was not a nice man.mccoy wanted no trouble. he asked the man to leave. he said, “im kid mccoy.” mccoy thought his name was so famous that there was no need to say more. but the man did not believe him. “oh, yeah?” he said. “well, if you are ki

51、d mccoy, then i am george washington!” and he continued to speak to the prize-fighters friend in an unpleasant way.mccoy hit the man with fist （拳）-not hard -actually it was really a light touch. but the man fell to the ground, unconscious （无意识）. ten minutes later, when he came to himself, he called

52、out, “that was the real mccoy!” and that was how the expression got started.there are other stories, however. one is that the expression goes back to the days of prohibition（禁止）when it was against the law in the united states to sell whiskey. although whiskey was against the law, many sold it. and m

53、any were not afraid to sell bad whiskey, because there was so little that anybody could do about it. buying whiskey, good or bad, was as illegal as selling it.but there was one whiskey dealer who was honest. his name was mccoy. he refused to sell bad whiskey. his product became known as the best. it

54、 was called “the real mccoy”.1. what is the main idea of the first paragraph?a. it is about the exact meaning of the saying.b. it tells how a person gets his name.c. it shows how to tell the real from the false.d. it explains how to find the best.2. which of the following is true about the days of p

55、rohibition?a. bad whiskey was not allowed to be sold.b. people at that time preferred nothing but whiskey.c. a national law forbade the sale of alcoholic drinks.d. the days of prohibition caused mccoys selling wine.3. in the third paragraph, “the prize-fighter” refers to _.a. a champion b. a fellow

56、c. mccoy d. george washington4. how many stories are mentioned about mccoy in the passage?a. one. b. two. c. three. d. four.5. which of the following best summarizes the whole passage? a. the story of a well-known boxer. b. the expression and its story. c. the friendship between a sportsman and a se

57、ller. d. the general use of the expression.五、深层理解 story of words1. from the text we learn that _. a. sandwich was born of a noble family b. the word panic was named after the ancient greek god, pan c. good-bye is a compound word d. music fans were palm fans used to cool themselves by devotees while

58、listening to music2. which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?a. language is for ideas and communication.b. no dictionary can cover all the modern words in our society.c. many computer words came into being at the end of 20th century.d. shakespeare would never fail to f

59、ind himself puzzled at many unfamiliar words if he picked up a copy of a newspaper today to read.六、写作训练单句改错单句改错1. if you dig deeply into a word and know its root, and you will understand its origin.2. pauls brother sometimes acted as a little girl and people treated him as a child.3. they decided to

60、 have a three-day stopover in the way to hong kong.4. he looked in here and there like he was searching for something.5. i looked at the little girl who was giving me the prettiest, biggest smile i have never seen.6. i dont know which of the two books is the better. i shall read them all.7. he first