基础医学Preclinicalmedicine

1、基础医学（preclinical medicine）individual choice questions (1 points per subject, 89 questions each)1, copd patients phlegm sticky, more water is for ea, add sweat, etc. lost moistureb, prevent uric acid nephrosisc and reduce complications of hemorrhagic cystitisd accelerates the excretion of bacteria, t

2、oxins, and inflammatory secretionse, promote sputum dilution and easy to discharge2. the purpose of drinking water for chemotherapy patients with acute leukemia is ba, add sweat, etc. lost moistureb, prevent uric acid nephrosisc and reduce complications of hemorrhagic cystitisd accelerates the excre

3、tion of bacteria, toxins, and inflammatory secretionse, promote sputum dilution and easy to discharge3, pyelonephritis patient drink water more da, add sweat, etc. lost moistureb, prevent uric acid nephrosisc and reduce complications of hemorrhagic cystitisd accelerates the excretion of bacteria, to

4、xins, and inflammatory secretionse, promote sputum dilution and easy to discharge4. hyperthyroidism patients drink more water aa, add sweat, etc. lost moistureb, prevent uric acid nephrosisc and reduce complications of hemorrhagic cystitisd accelerates the excretion of bacteria, toxins, and inflamma

5、tory secretionse, promote sputum dilution and easy to discharge5, stomach rupture ca, accompanied by tenesmusb may have pleural effusionc may show diaphragmatic -f free gasd may be accompanied by hemorrhagic shock symptomse, early symptoms are mild, usually localized peritonitis6, pelvic swelling aa

6、, accompanied by tenesmusb may have pleural effusionc may show diaphragmatic -f free gasd may be accompanied by hemorrhagic shock symptomse, early symptoms are mild, usually localized peritonitis7. respiratory sounds in the bronchi: ea, emphysemab, pneumoniac, pleural effusiond, spontaneous pneumoth

7、oraxe and bronchial asthma8, severe hematemesis patients should be temporarily fasting: ea, 2 4hb, 4 6hc, 6 8hd, 1 2he, 8 24h9, acute pleurisy patients often take: ba and passive positionb and lateral decubitusc, supine positiond and sitting positione and lean forward position10. by which evaluation

8、 can the patient be asked to draw sputum: ea, mindb, breath soundsc, cyanosisd, heart ratee, dyspnea11. the amount of gastric lavage fluid during the gastric lavage is: ba, 150-200mlb, 200-300m1c, 400m1d, 500mle, 500-1000m112, hyperactive bowel sounds per minute at least can hear: ea, 2 timesb, 6 ti

9、mesc, 4 timesd, 8 timese, 10 times13, paroxysmal expiratory dyspnea in: ea and atelectasisb, pleural adhesionsc, bronchiectasisd and bronchial foreign bodiese and bronchial asthma14. which of the following is true about the body temperature: ca, body temperature below 36.5 degrees, said hypothermiab

10、 and hyperthyroidism patients often have hypothermiac, the body temperature is higher than 37.5 degrees, called feverd and aseptic inflammation are generally without fevere patients with chronic wasting disease often have elevated body temperature15, gastric cancer prone to the following where lymph

11、 node metastasis: ca and cervical lymph nodesb and left axillary lymph nodesc and left supraclavicular lymph nodesd, left subclavian lymph nodee and left inguinal lymph nodes16, adult pulse pressure greater than 5kpa (37.5mmhg) can be seen in: bhypothyroidism, ab and aortic insufficiencyc and perica

12、rdial effusiond, severe mitral stenosise and aortic stenosis17, breathing with irritating garlic flavor phenomenon: ea, bronchiectasisb and pulmonary abscessc, uremiad, ketoacidosise and organophosphorus pesticide poisoning18. the phenomenon of obvious decrease or disappearance of pulse during inhal

13、ation can be seen in ba and aortic insufficiencyb and pericardial effusionc and right heart failured, coronary heart diseasee and atrioventricular block19 、 white blood cell classification and counting, neutrophils (including nucleus and lobulated nucleus) should be normal: ba, 0.5%, one, 1%b, 50% 7

14、5%c, 3% 8%d, 80%, one, 85%e, 20%, one, 40%20. the normal reference range of adult male hemoglobin is ea, 100 140g/lb, 140 170g/lc, 110-150g/ld, 170 200g/le, 120 160g/l21, esr is no obvious increase in the disease is: aa, angina pectorisb and advanced malignant tumorc, acute myocardial infarctiond an

15、d active tuberculosise, chronic nephritis22. the preservative for urine protein samples is: aa, toluene, 5mlb, dilute hydrochloric acid, 5mlc, formaldehyde, 5mld, carbonic acid, 5mle, concentrated hydrochloric acid 5ml23, urine color of soy sauce: in bobstructive jaundice, ab, acute hemolysisc, hepa

16、tocellular jaundiced, renal tumore and advanced filariasis24, the following t wave is abnormal is: ba and i leads erectb and v5 lead inversionc and avr lead inversiond and avr leads are flate and v1 lead bidirectional25, modern equipment operation room air purification mainly depends on: ba, ozone d

17、isinfectionb, laminar flow equipment and high efficiency air filterc and lactic acid disinfectiond, uv disinfectione, formaldehyde disinfection26. the daily water loss of normal people is: ba, 200mlb, 850mlc, 400mld, 1000mle, 1200ml27, the basic pathological changes of various types of shock are: ea

18、, blood pressure dropsb and central venous pressure decreasedc and pulse pressure decreased and decreased urine outpute, effective circulation, blood loss28, in order to prevent acute renal failure, which trauma patients should be injected alkaline solution from the vein to alkaline urine: ca and fo

19、rearm lacerationb and contusion of kidneyc and thigh crush injuriesd and rib fracturese and scalp avulsion injuries29. the most common secondary pathological changes after cardiac arrest are: da, pulmonary edemab, acute renal failurec, acute hepatic necrosisd, brain anoxia and cerebral edemae and hy

20、poxic injury of myocardium30, the fastest way for the body to regulate acid-base balance is: ba, kidney regulationb, blood buffer systemc and lung regulationd, nerve - endocrine regulatione, extracellular ion exchange31. which of the following is not an open injury: ba, scrapeb, contusionc, stabd, c

21、utse and firearm injuries32. the main causes of thyroid crisis are: ba, excessive thyroid extrusion during surgeryb, preoperative preparation failed to meet the requirementc and lack of excised glandsd, excessive removal of glandse, excessive tension during surgery33 、 what is the most important hea

22、lth guidance for discharged patients after breast cancer surgery: ea, continue functional exerciseb, strengthen nutritionc, often self-examinationd, take part in sports activitiese, avoid pregnancy within five years34, the most susceptible to development of breast cancer lesions is: ca and lungb, li

23、verc and axillary lymph nodesd and subclavian lymph nodese and sternal lymph nodes35. which of the following organ injuries is mainly manifested by peritonitis: da, liverb and spleenc, pancreasd and intestinese, kidney36. the main difference between primary peritonitis and secondary peritonitis is:

24、aa and the abdominal cavity have primary lesionb, abdominal pain propertiesc, degree of abdominal muscle tensiond and the species of pathogenic bacteriae, with or without visceral damage?37 、 what is the most important nursing measure during the course of perforation of ulcer and non-surgical treatm

25、ent: ca and semi recumbent positionb, infusionc, gastrointestinal decompressiond and antibioticse, do well preoperative preparation38, gastric and duodenal ulcer with bleeding predilection sites: ca, the greater curvature of the stomach or twelveb, lesser gastric curvature or posterior duodenal wall

26、the front wall of c, the greater curvature of the stomach or duodenumd, lesser curvature of stomach or anterior wall of duodenume, stomach body39, the mechanism of acute appendicitis with abdominal pain starting at the umbilicus or the upper abdomen is: ca, gastrointestinal dysfunctionb and visceral

27、 nerve reflexsomatic reflex, cd, appendix position is not fixede and appendicular wall spasm40, peritonitis induced intestinal obstruction: ca, mechanical strangulated intestinal obstructionb and mechanical simple intestinal obstructionc and paralytic ileusd and intestinal obstruction by bloode and

28、spastic ileus41. what kind of anal diseases can portal hypertension cause? da, anal fissureb, anal fistulac and rectal prolapsed, hemorrhoidse and rectal polyps42, the most important nursing problems for patients with acute abdomen are: ca, hyperthermiab, malnutritionc, potential complication: shock

29、d and potential oral mucosal injuriese, anxiety43. the most common treatment for fractures is ba, open reduction and internal fixationb, manual reduction and external fixationc, percutaneous fixationd, manual reduction and internal fixatione and continuous traction44. the characteristic features of

30、dislocation of the joint are: ca, swellingb, stasis of bloodc, elastic fixationd, paine and limited activity45, the reliable method of diagnosis of gastric cancer is: da and gastrointestinal barium mealb, positive fecal occult blood testc and stomach ultrasoundd, fiber gastroscopee and ct examinatio

31、n of stomach46, high intestinal obstruction, except for abdominal pain, the most important symptom is: ba, abdominal distension is obviousb and vomiting frequentlyc, a percussion drum soundd, stop defecation and exhauste, abdominal mass47, about the cervical cancer error is: da, predilection at the

32、junction of cervical squamous epitheliumb, with prolific cervical erosion on early marriage and childbearingc, mostly squamous carcinomad, requires at least 2 years, 1 anti-cancer screeninge and surgical treatment are suitable for carcinoma in situ and early invasive carcinoma48. which of the follow

33、ing is not related to the placement of intrauterine devices: bthe amount of a and volume increasedb, weight gainc, backache, abdominal dropd and perforation of uteruse, infection49, the important sign of female puberty begins with: ea, high pitchb, full breastsc, subcutaneous fat increasedd, pubic h

34、air, armpit hair formatione and menarche50, about senile vaginitis mistake saying is: ca, vaginal epithelium thinned, glycogen content decreasedb is often a mixed infection of purulent bacteriac, rinse the vagina with alkaline solutiond, locally treated with diethylstilbestrole, if bloody leucorrhea

35、, cancer prevention should be carried out51, about the primary dysmenorrhea, the wrong statement is: ea is more common in unmarried or nonpregnant womenb, a few hours before menstruation occursc usually occurs 6-12 months after menarched with a pale face and a cold sweate and reproductive organs hav

36、e organic lesions52. which of the following conforms to the 3 month infant behavioral development: ea, will sitb, climbc, you can stand up under your armsd, holding the toy by hande, straight up53, pathological crying in infants and children is more common: aa, abdominal pain, headacheb intracranial

37、 hemorrhage of newbornc, otitis mediad, skin diseasese, hunger54, the newborn can be obtained from the mother, but 3-5 months after the gradual disappearance of antibodies: ca, immune cellsb, complementc, iggd, igme, lga55 common reasons, in the only child caused anorexia is: ea, iron deficiency ane

38、miab, infectious hepatitisgastroenteritis, cd, intestinal malformatione, mental factors56, 4 scoops of whole milk powder with milk, water should be added: da, 4 scoopsb, 8 scoopsc, 12 scoopsd, 16 scoopse, 20 scoops57, the long-term anemia in children is prone to milk feeding: ea, leukemiab, iron def

39、iciency anemiac and hemolytic anemiad and aplastic anemiae, nutritional megaloblastic anemia58, outpatient department of pediatrics settings should not include: ea consulting roomb, waiting roomc and isolation consulting roomd, the examination roome, pantry59, thrush commonly used cleaning oral liqu

40、id is: ca, 3% hydrogen peroxide solutionb, 0.1% rivanoli solutionc, 2% sodium bicarbonate solutiond, physiological salinee, wen kaishui60. the typical symptoms of neonatal intracranial hemorrhage are: ba, dyspnea, unable to suckb appears to be inhibited by excitement firstc, systemic sclerodermad, b

41、ody temperature does not risee and milk repellent61, the main cause of rickets is: da, lack of vitamin ab and thyroxine deficiencyc, calcium deficiency in foodd, lack of vitamin de, improper proportion of calcium and phosphorus in food62, a patient eating skin with fruit, half an hour after nausea,

42、vomiting, abdominal pain and other symptoms of poisoning. which of the following pesticides do you consider most likely to cause poisoning: da, welcome to medicine expo forum dichlorvosb and pc, parathiond, dimethoatee, phorate63, ketoacidosis patients after treatment, consciousness recovery time su

43、ddenly feel palpitations, hunger and sweating, and then unconscious, should immediately: da and increase the insulin doseb and glibenclamidec, intravenous drip of sodium bicarbonated, intravenous injection of 50% glucosee and respiratory stimulant64, a aplastic anemia patients with high fever, accom

44、panied by convulsions, at this time, the most appropriate cooling measures are: ea, warm water bathb, alcohol bathc and ice water enemad and oral antipyretice, the head and the big blood vessel place the ice bag65, mr. zheng urine bacterial culture and drug sensitivity test prescribed yuzuo middle,

45、as collecting specimens for their guidance, which is: a.a, first clean the vulva and urethra with the new benzalkoniumb, leaving the initial excretion of urine, about 30-60mlc direct the urine into the sterile containerd stop urine collection before bladder emptyinge, specimens were submitted immedi

46、ately66, a pregnant woman, first fetuses, 39 weeks after pregnancy to the hospital for examination, told of labor threatened, admitted to hospital, the most reliable basis is: cthe intensity of a and contractions increasedb, fetal depressionc, redd, upper abdominal comforte, frequent micturition67,

47、primipara, birth, postpartum fourteenth days, uterine involution which is not normal: athe upper part of the symphysis pubis can be seen at the fundus of the ab, white lochiac and cervix closured and cervical orifice are "one" shapee and endometrium have not been adequately repaired68, the

48、 child, 1 and a half years old, because of ventricular septal defect admitted to hospital, suddenly appear irritability, cyanosis. physical examination: lucid, two little bottom of lung rales, heart rate 180 / min, liver is down 3.5cm, the children may be combined with b welcome to medicine expo for

49、um a combined with pulmonary edemab and combined heart failurec and combined cycle failured and combined renal failuree and associated encephalopathy69, children, 4 years old, admitted because of acute nephritis. this morning, i suddenly had difficulty breathing, unable to lie flat, cough, cough, sp

50、utum, and urine, which was a severe case: da, pneumoniab, pleural effusionhypertensive encephalopathy, cd, severe circulatory congestione, acute renal failure70, children, breast-feeding 7 days after birth. take good care of the skin, yellow skin, serum bilirubin 153 mu mol/l., measures should be ta

51、ken: ea and blue light irradiationb, oral prednisonec, ready to exchange bloodd and plasma transfusione, not dealt with71, a 48 year old patient menstrual disorder nearly, the amount of less time, the cycle is irregular, bleeding in half a month, the 2 month cramps after check, normal uterine size,

52、soft, diagnosis of 65. preferred hemostatic method for anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding: aa dilatation and curettageb, estrogenc and progesteroned, androgene, hemostatic72 which of the following nursing interventions is not correct: ca, good surgical hemostasis preparationb, keep perineum

53、padsthe specimens of c and curettage were not routinely examined by pathologyd, follow the doctor's advice and give antibiotics to prevent infectione, use hormone according to doctor's order73, 35 years old, women, rheumatic heart disease, heart failure patients, digitalis and diuretics after the use of nausea and vomiting, ecg showed ventricular premature convergence of two law and triple law. 67. which of the following nursing m