初期径流弃流设施 First flush devices

1、初期径流弃流设施 First flush devices目标 Purpose¨ 为了防止例如树叶和其他污染物进入蓄水罐In order to prevent leaves and other contaminants from entering the storage tank¨ 通过过滤改善水质To improve water quality by filtration¨ 有效减轻雨水径流带来的面源污染To relieve the non-point source pollution by runoff¨ 可以有效的减少径流和洪峰流量It can re

2、duce runoff and peak flow effectively.水敏感目标的效果 Achievement of water-sensitive objectives¨ 水 质：有效净化水体能力。Water quality: Effective Decontamination capability.¨ 水平衡：可以控制水量和减少洪峰流量。Water balance: Can control of water volume and reduce peak flow.¨ 水保持：地下水循环能力较弱。Water conservation: Low effect

3、ive on groundwater circulation capability.¨ 生 境：对改善生态环境无太大帮助。Habitat: It has little help with environment.¨ 欣赏价值：对城市景观没有帮助。Human perception value: There is no help on urban landscape.简介和实施案例 Description and example for realization¨ 收集的径流必须经过弃流系统，这些弃流系统应安装在与地下相连的落水管处。The collected runo

4、ff must pass removal systems, which should be installed near the down-pipes that connecting to underground system.¨ 大部分弃流装置用细筛过滤水，一小部分水用于保持装置的清洁。Most of the removal devices filter water by fine sieve, a small part of water is used to keep these devices clean.¨ 从流域流出的污染最严重的初期径流会被拦截处理The mos

5、t polluted runoff from catchment can be intercepted.¨ 这部分冲走污物的水直接排入下水管道或在回灌前排入处理设施中This part of water washed away the dirt directly into the sewer or treatment facilities before recharging.图1 设施应用例子 Figure 1 Application example1 来源source：/Global/GWP-C Files/First Flush.jpg , 20

6、13-07-20.图2 初期弃流装置的示意图 Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a first flush device2来源source：/Global/GWP-C Files/First Flush.jpg , 2013-07-20.计算过程 Calculation procedure 根据建筑小区雨水利用工程技术规范（GB 50400-2006）公式5.6.4, 5.6.5 According to the formulations 5.6.4, 5.6.5in GB 50400-2006:得设计初期雨水弃流量计算 design

7、ed first flush runoff calculation其中whereWi设计初期雨水弃流量 designed first flush removal quantity（m3） 初期雨水径流厚度 first flush runoff thickness（mm），水面取雨取0 F汇水面积 catchment area (m²)当无资料时，可采用2-3mm径流厚度作为屋面初期雨水弃流厚度，5-7mm作为地面初期雨水弃流厚度 If you didnt find any information, you can use 2-3mm as first flush runoff rem

8、oval thickness of roof and 5-7mm as first flush runoff removal thickness of ground.已知：有一矩形平屋顶建筑,轴线尺寸为36m×6m,墙厚240mm.Given：a rectangle flat roof which size are 36m×6m, the thickness of wall is 240mm.选择3mm径流厚度作为屋面初期雨水弃流厚度，则设计初期弃水量为：We use 3mm as first flush runoff removal thickness of roof.

9、Then designed first flush runoff is: =10*0.003*(36-0.24)×(6-0.24)=6.18设计实例 Design example¨ 该项目于2012年5月建成，针对当地的建筑设计初期弃流装置用于雨水收集系统In May 2012 an Arkitrek Camp team made a first-flush diverter for a rainwater harvesting system on their design for the Mantanani Bunkhouse. Heres how it works.&#

10、168; 该建筑顶部面积约为45 m²，这意味着1mm的雨水将产生约45公升的水供人们收集。装置容积为35公升，能够接收初期1mm的降雨。这个数字背后没有科学研究，它只是大概的。屋顶是传统的棕榈茅草屋，屋檐是镀锌波纹钢便于收集雨水排到排水沟里。This building has a roof area of approximately 45m² which means that 1mm of rain will yield approximately 45 liters of water for collection. The first flush diverter wi

11、th a volume of 35 liters is designed to divert the first 1mm of each rainfall. Theres no science or research behind this figure, it just feels about right. The roof is traditional nipah palm thatch with a strip of galvanized corrugated steel at the eaves to collect water neatly into a gutter.图4 沙巴设计

12、案例Figure 4 Design example for Mantanani Bunkhouse 4来源source：优先流法弃流 Preferential flow removal device图5优先流法弃流装置示意图 Figure 5 Schematic diagram of large roof runoff removal device 5来源source：改绘自Prof. Dr.-Ing. W.F. Geiger ,Dr.-Ing. C. Wilhelm, Sustainable Water Management in Urban Areas Rainwater harvesti

13、ng M, 2002.应用的区域 Application areas¨ 初期雨水弃除最常用的方法The most common way to deal with first flush removal.材料 materials¨ 砖砌Bricked¨ 混凝土现浇、预制或采用成品Cast-in-place concrete, precast concrete or finished products.功能和设计 Function and design¨ 将设计的集雨面的初期径流量优先排入相应容积的储水空间内，再流入收集系统。First to dischar

14、ge the first flush runoff into corresponding storage space. Then flows into collection system. ¨ 所截留的雨水在降雨结束后或由水泵排入污水管道，或逐渐渗入周围的土壤。The interception water are pumped into drainage pipe after rainfall or gradually infiltrate into nearby soil.优点 Advantages¨ 简单有效Easy and effective¨ 准确按照要求

15、控制初期雨量It can accurately control first flush rainfall in accordance with the requirements缺点 Disadvantages¨ 汇水面积大时，污染物弃除效率不高，需要较大的池容When catchment is large, the efficacy of removing pollutant is not high. It need larger space to contain the water.落水管过滤器 Downpipe filter图6落水管弃流装置示意图 Figure 6 Schema

16、tic diagram of downpipe device 6来源source：应用的区域 Application areas¨ 设计针对与地下蓄水罐连接的落水管They are designed for downpipe filters connecting underground storage tank.材料materials¨ 塑料(PP, PE)Plastic(PP, PE)¨ 不锈钢Stainless Steel¨ 铜Copper功能和设计 Function and design¨ 每一个落水管需要一个过滤器Each downpi

17、pe needs a filter¨ 初期雨水首先滞留在管下部的空间，当弃流空间灌满后，雨水从出水管排出，进入后续收集利用系统First flush water flow into the bottom. When the removal space filled up, the rest of runoff flow to tank into following collecting system.优点 Advantages¨ 维护费用低Low maintenance costs¨ 安装简单Easy to install缺点 Disadvantages¨

18、; 过滤装置需要更换和清洁Need to clean and change the filter devices.¨ 大面积应用时维护工作量大Large maintenance costs when majority applied.自动控制弃流装置 Automatic control filter图7落水管弃流装置示意图 Figure 7 Schematic diagram of downpipe device 7来源source：改绘自葛敬，雨水安全弃流分流控制装置应用的区域 Application areas¨ 广泛应用于雨水利用系统的监控监测They are app

19、lied in monitoring rainwater recycling system.¨ 可对降雨的雨型、频次、雨量、水质等参数进行自动控制，对特大降雨，雨水倒灌等事故会自动监测报警To control automatically many parameters like the rainfall type, frequency, quantity, water quality. For storm water and rainfall recharge accidents, it will monitor and alarm automatically.构造 Construc

20、tion¨ 由安全分流井和弃流控制器构成，安全分流井设有雨水排水管、分流管和水质传感器；弃流控制器设有进水管、收集管、水流传感器、综合指标传感器This device is consist of safety shunt well and abandon throw controller. Safety shunt well is equipped with rainwater drainage pipe, water quality sensor. Abandon throw controller is equipped with inlet pipe, collect senso

21、r, flow sensor, integrated indicators.功能和设计 Function and design¨ 本装置无须人工控制，完全由内置PLC系统控制程序。This device without manual control, completely controlled by the PLC system program that built-in.¨ 雨水进入安全分流井后，其中的大颗粒杂质先在井内沉淀，井底是级配砂石渗水层，后期便于人工清淤。After rainfall entering the safety shunt well, one of

22、the big pellet precipitates first. The bottom of well is grading dinas infilter layer which is convenient for artificial desilting.¨ 当初期弃流后的雨水达到各控制点的设定值时，各传感器分别将信号传给弃流量控制器，打开进水口，收集的雨水经进水管进入雨水弃流控制器。After the first flush rainfall flow to the setting of each control point, the sensor will transmit

23、 signals respectively to abandon throw controller. When opening the inlet, rainwater enter into the rainfall removal controller.优点 Advantages¨ 无须人工控制Without manual control¨ 多点信号串联监测控制Multi-point signal series monitoring control¨ 管道相对缩小，节约成本The pipe is relatively narrow, low costs缺点 Di

24、sadvantages¨ 需要定期清理，检查维护Need to clean and maintenance regularly直插式过滤器 (小面积) Inline filters (small areas)图8直插式过滤装置示意图 Figure 8 Schematic diagram of inline filters device 8来源source：Prof. Dr.-Ing. W.F. Geiger ,Dr.-Ing. C. Wilhelm, Sustainable Water Management in Urban Areas Rainwater harvesting M,

25、 2002.图9 国内直插式过滤装置 Figure 9 Inline filters device in China9来源source：http:/www.caravanstuff4u.co.uk/water-housings-and-connections/1074-w4-push-fit-in-line-filter-strainer.html图10 国外直插式过滤装置 Figure 10 Inline filters device in China10来源source：应用的区域 Application areas¨ 设计针对小区域的落水管或地下They are designe

26、d for filtering rainfall in small inline area or underground.材料materials¨ 塑料(PP, PE)Plastic(PP, PE)¨ 不锈钢Stainless Steel功能和设计 Function and design该过滤器从水中滤除沉淀物和非水溶性颗粒，有助于防止出水管或中间堵塞。These filters are made to filter outsediment and non-soluble particles from your nutrients. This will help preve

27、nt clogged drippers and lines. ¨ 装置具有可以更换的滤芯。It has a replaceable filter element.优点 Advantages¨ 维护费用低Low maintenance costs¨ 小巧方便Convenience缺点 Disadvantages¨ 过滤装置需要更换和清洁Need to clean and change the filter devices.尺寸Dimension¨ 圆柱状, 高 400 mm, 直径 250, 内径100 mm, 外径 100 mm, 排水出水口

28、50 mmCylinder-shaped, The height to 400 mm, diameter of 250, inlet 100 mm, outlet 100 mm, drainage outlet 50 mm构造 Construction¨ 需要专业人完成Need professionals to complete细节 Details¨ 适合于小区域和地下区域过滤It is Suitable for small area andunderground area旋流分离式弃流设备 Spiral separator 图11 旋流分离装置示意图 Figure 11

29、Schematic diagram of spiral separator 11来源source：改绘自应用的区域 Application areas¨ 设计应用范围较广，地上地下都可以安装，连接雨水管道They are designed for a large scale aspects, whatever ground or underground can install this device. This spiral separator connected to the runoff pipe.材料materials¨ 合金Alloy功能和设计 Function a

30、nd design¨ 互不相溶、且具有密度差的混合物以一定的方式及速度从入口进入旋流分离器后，在离心力场的作用下，密度大的相被甩向四周，并顺着壁面向下运动，作为底流排出；密度小的相向中间迁移，并向上运动，最后作为溢流排出。For each combination with a mixture of density difference comes in a certain way. Under the action of centrifugal force field, the high density phase was thrown around flowing to the b

31、ottom discharge; low density move upward, finally flow into the drain.优点 Advantages¨ 成本低，占用空间小Low costs，small space¨ 小巧方便Convenience 缺点 Disadvantages¨ 如果参数设计不当，容易将液滴打碎乳化而恶化分离过程If the parameters are improper, its easy to break the droplets emulsified then exacerbated separation process

32、. ¨ 通用性较差Poor permeability.尺寸Dimension¨ 旋流器的规格自75mm至660mm,可适用不同处理量、对磨砂细度不同要求的选厂。The size of spiral separator is range from 75mm to 660mm. It can fit different needs of factories.细节 Details¨ 单位容积的生产能力较大，分级效率高Large capacity of production in per volume. High classification efficiency.翻板式

33、初期径流分离器 Initial rainwater split-flow instrument 图12 翻板式初期径流装置示意图 Figure 12 Schematic diagram of initial rainwater split-flow instrument 12来源source：杨潇，张建丰，翻版式初雨分离器的设计J.2010.应用的区域 Application areas¨ 设计应用范围较广，可以建在汇水渠道中They are designed for a large scale aspects. This initial rainwater split-flow i

34、nstrument can set in the runoff pipe.材料materials¨ 集水池和雨水收集口为混凝土或钢筋，翻版为铝板。The material of catchment and rainwater outlet are concrete or steel bar while reverse is aluminum plate.功能和设计 Function and design¨ 没有雨水时,翻板处于倾斜位置。降雨开始后,初期的雨水从翻板下排走至市政雨水排水管道。随着降雨的增多,翻板回到垂直位置,使翻版下端排水口封闭。当翻板前集水池中的水位抬升至雨

35、水收集口后,雨水通过雨水收集口流入蓄水池被收集。如果汇集的流量值过大,部分雨水将从翻板上沿溢流后排入市政雨水排水系统。At first, the reverse is in the inclined position. Then rainwater flow into the device through the bottom to drainage pipeline. With the increasing rainfall, the reverse turn back to the vertical position closing the bottom port. Then water

36、start to collect and flow to the outlet. If it meet a large runoff, some rainwater will overflow into rainwater drainage system from the top of reverse. 优点 Advantages¨ 成本低,便于操作Low costs，Convenience¨ 易于维护Low maintenance costs¨ 应用范围广 Wide application缺点 Disadvantages¨ 弃流量难以控制Its har

37、d to control removal quantity.尺寸Dimension¨ 宽为1 m的集水池，高度H大于使板翻转的临界水位h，集水池上是收集雨水的雨水收集口,半径为R。The width of the catchment is 1m, height is H which is longer than the critical groundwater table h. rainwater collecting hole is upon the catchment which radius is R.构造 Construction¨ 由集水池、翻板和雨水收集口三部分

38、组成This device consists of 3 parts including catchment, reverse, rainwater outlet.与景观设计结合 Combination with landscape design¨ 雨水管设计成漏斗状或喇叭形，装饰性地布置在墙面上和建筑前，形成雨水剧院Downpipes are designed into funnel or horn placing decorately on the façade of the construction. It called rain theater.¨ 雨水管与

39、阳台或空调机位的设置相结合，减少了未加修饰和缺乏细节处理的雨水管裸露在墙面上对建筑美观度的影响。In order to reduce the influence of aesthetic of architecture, downpipe combine with a balcony or air condition. It is bared on the wall which without decoration.¨ 将外露雨水管的色彩和安放位置与建筑色彩和墙面的凹凸结合在一起的处理方式To combine downpipe appearance and position to t

40、he façade of construction.¨ 雨水管直接插入方形的花岗岩石墩中，雨水经石墩排入石墩下方的排水沟中。花岗岩方石墩成为沿墙花池的一个个小节点和雕塑小品，也能为在街道散步的人和路人提供一个可以暂时休息的地方。Downpipe insert into the square granite stone directly. Then water discharge into drain under the stone. The stone can be some nodes and sculpture along the wall. It can also b

41、ecome a seat for passers-by temporarily. 图13 景观化的雨水处理设施雨水剧院 Figure 13 Schematic diagram of initial rainwater split-flow instrument 13来源source：法律规范 Related laws and regulatios建筑小区雨水利用工程技术规范(GB 50400-2006): Technical specifications of construction area rainwater utilization(GB 50400-2006)56 雨水弃流 Rainf

42、all remove561 屋面雨水收集系统的弃流装置宜设于室外，当设在室内时，应为密闭形式。雨水弃流池宜靠近雨水蓄水池，当雨水蓄水池设在室外时，弃流池不应设在室内。The removal devices for rooftop water harvesting system should be in outdoor. If indoor, it should be sealed. The device should near the water storage tank. When the water storage tank sets outdoor, the removal device

43、s should not be indoor. 562 地面雨水收集系统设置雨水弃流设施时，可集中设置，也可分散设置。When setting rainfall removal device in ground water collection system, it can be concentrated or dispersed.563 虹吸式屋面雨水收集系统宜采用自动控制弃流装置，其他屋面雨水收集系统宜采用渗透弃流装置，地面雨水收集系统宜采用渗透弃流井或弃流池。Siphon roof water collection system should apply automatic contro

44、l removal devices. Other rooftop water collection should take filter and removal devices. Ground water collection system should choose removal wells or basins.564 初期径流弃流量应按照下垫面实测收集雨水的雨水弃流、SS、色度等污染物浓度确定。当无资料时，屋面弃流可采用23mm径流厚度，地面弃流可采用35mm径流厚度。Removal early runoff should be identified according to the m

45、easured removal rainfall,SS and Chroma of pollutants concentration collected from underlying surface. If there is no data, removal flow from roof will use 2-3mm thickness, from ground 3-5mm thickness.565 初期雨水弃流量按下式计算：The early removal rainfall will calculation according to the following type式中 Wi设计初

46、期雨水弃流量（m3）；Designed first flush rainfall初期雨水径流厚度（mm）；Early rainfall runoff thickness566 弃流装置及其设置应便于清洗和运行管理。Removal device and its setting should be convenient to clean and operation management.567 截流的初期径流可排入雨水排水管道或污水管道。当条件允许，也可就地排入绿地。雨水弃流排入污水管道时应确保污水不倒灌回弃流装置内。First flush can discharge into drains or

47、 sewage pipeline. It is not permit, it may discharge into green space. When discharging to sewage pipe, make sure that the water does not recharge into removal device.568 初期径流弃流池应符合下列规定：The first flush basin shall meet the following requirements1 截流的初期径流雨水宜通过自流排除；The early stages of runoff closure a

48、rtesian should rule out by itself.2 当弃流雨水采用水泵排水时，池内应设置将弃流雨水与后期雨水隔离开的分隔装置；When applying pump to discharge the removal rainfall, there should be a separation device which can isolate removal water from later water.3 应具有不小于010的底坡；It should have a slope not less than 0.10.4 雨水进水口应设置格栅，格栅的设置应便于清理并不得影响雨水进

49、水口通水能力；Water inlet should set grille and it should be easy to clean and shall not affect the capacity of water inlet.5 排除初期径流水泵的阀门应设置在弃流池外；The pump valve which can rule out fist flush should be installed outside the removal basin.6 宜在入口处设置可调节监测连续两场降雨间隔时间的雨停监测装置，并与自动控制系统联动；It would be desirable to se

50、t up a rainfall monitoring device which can monitor two successive rainfall time interval at the entrance. And it will connect with automatic control system.7 应设有水位监测的措施；Water level monitor should be equipped8 采用水泵排水的弃流池内应设置搅拌冲洗系统。Removal basin using water pump should set a mixing flush system.569 自

51、动控制弃流装置应符合下列规定：The automatic removal device shall meet the following requirements1 电动阀、计量装置宜设在室外，控制箱宜集中设置，并宜设在室内；Electric valve, metering device should be outdoor. The control box should set concentrated and indoors.2 应具有自动切换雨水弃流管道和收集管道的功能，并具有控制和调节弃流间隔时间的功能；It should have automatic switch function of removal rainfall channel and collecting pipe. And it shall has the function of controlling and adjusting time interval.3 流量控制式雨水