南开大学博士研究生入学考试试题030809

1、南开大学2003年博士研究生入学考试试题Part Listening Comprehension考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,) G- W3 X* Y  u8 ) |(略)Part Reading Comprehension (20 points)" h2 C" y: L) O) wPassage 1 T" r"   M  D" M2 tTraffic statistics paint a gloomy picture. To help solve their t

2、raffic woes, some rapidly growing U.S. cities have simply built more roads. But traffic experts say building more roads is a quick-fix solution that will not alleviated the traffic problem in the long run. Soaring land costs, increasing concern over social and environmental disruptions caused by roa

3、d-building, and the likelihood that more roads can only lead to more cars and traffic are powerful factors bearing down on a 1950s-style construction program.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,7 u2 3 v4 H/ # D2 G' vThe goal of smart-highway technology is to make traffic systems work at optimum efficiency

4、 by treating the road and the vehicles traveling on them as an integral transportation system. Proponents of the advanced technology say electronic detection systems, closed-circuit television, radio communication, ramp metering, variable message signing, and other smart-highway technology can now b

5、e used at a reasonable cost to improve communication between drivers and the people who monitor traffic.Pathfinder, a Santa Monica, California-based smart-highway project in which a 14-mile stretch of the Santa Monica Freeway, making up what is called a “smart corridor”, is being instrumented with b

6、uried loops in the pavement. Closed-circuit television cameras survey the flow of traffic, while communication linked to property equipped automobiles advise motorists of the least congested routes or detours.考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,6 w& ?9 i9 N8 1 _! HNot all traffic experts, h

7、owever, look to smart-highway technology as the ultimate solution to traffic gridlock. Some say the high-tech approach is limited and can only offer temporary solutions to a serious problem.“Electronics on the highway addresses just one aspect of the problem: how to regulate traffic more efficiently

8、,” explains Michael Renner, senior researcher at the world-watch Institute. “It doesn't deal with the central problem of too many cars for roads that can't be built fast enough. It sends people the wrong message. They start thinking “Yes, there used to be a traffic congestion problem, but th

9、at's been solved now because we have, advanced high-tech system in place.” Larson agrees and adds, “Smart highways is just one of the tools that we use to deal with our traffic problems. It's not the solution itself, just pan of the package. There are different strategies.”Other traffic prob

10、lem-solving options being studied and experimented with include car pooling, rapid mass-transit systems, staggered or flexible work hours, and road pricing, a system whereby motorists pay a certain amount for the time they use a highway.) o9 r+ F2 X# g, 4 L% v$ S5 It seems that we need a new, major

11、thrust to deal with the traffic problems of the next 20 years. There has to be a big change.1. What is the appropriate title for the passage ?A. Smart Highway ProjectsThe Ultimate Solution to Traffic Congestion.B. A Quick Fix Solution for the Traffic Problems.C. A Venture to Remedy Traffic Woes.D. H

12、ighways Get SmartPart of the Package to Relieve Traffic Gridlock.3 d7 4 k) v# |+ z( P  b9 J2. The compound word “quick-fix” in Paragraph 1, sentence 3 is closest in meaning to _.考博论坛:最早最大的中A. an optional solution B. an expedient solution1 p$ F! V/ B: C" O7 2 LC. a ready solution D. an

13、 efficient solution3. According to the passage, the smart-highway technology is aimed to _.A. develop sophisticated facilities on the interstate highwaysB. provide passenger vehicle with a variety of servicesC. optimize the highway capabilitiesD. improve communication between driver and the traffic

14、monitors4. According to Larson, to redress the traffic problem, _./ K2 Y8 I8 o- q0 m6 WA. car pooling must be studiedB. rapid mass transit system must be introducedC. flexible work hours must be experimentedD. overall strategies must be coordinated! k$ q* Z9 D5. Which of the following best describes

15、 the organization of the whole passage?A. Two contrasting views of a problem are presented.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,( B  d# _* f+ U& O$ Q0 n. K# N5 u" eB. A problem is examined and complementary solutions are proposed or offered.C. Latest developments are outlined in order of imp

16、ortance./ V) t( G- ( v2 pD. An innovation is explained with its importance emphasized.Passage 2% 2 g  T# O( s5 E0 d- EA strange thing about humans is their capacity for blind rage. Rage is presumably an emotion resulting from survival instinct, but the surprising thing about it is that we

17、do not deploy it against other animals. If we encounter a dangerous wild animala poisonous snake or a wildcatwe do not fly into a temper. If we are unarmed, we show fear and attempt to back away; if we are suitably armed, we attack, but in a rational manner not in a rage. We reserve rage for our own

18、 species. It is hard to see any survival value in attacking one's own, but if we take account of the long competition which must have existed between our own subspecies and others like Neanderthal manindeed others still more remote from us than Neanderthal manman rage becomes more comprehensible

19、.In our everyday language and behavior there are many reminders of those early struggles. We are always using tile words “us and them”. “Our” side is perpetually trying to do down the “other” side. In games we artificially create other subspecies we can attack. The opposition of “us” and “them” is t

20、he touchstone of the two-party system of “democratic” politics. Although there are no very serious consequences to many of this modern psychological representation of the “us and them” emotion, it is as well to remenber that the original aim was not to beat the other subspecies in a game but to exte

21、rminate it.The readiness with which human beings allow themselves to be regimented has permitted large armies to be formed, which, taken together with the “us and them” blind rage, has led to destructive clashes within Our subspecies itself. The First World War is an example in which Europe divided

22、itself into two imaginary subspecies. And there is a similar extermination battle now in Northern Ireland. The idea that there is a religious basis for this clash is illusory, for not even the pope has been able to control it. The clash is much more primitive than the Christian religion, much older

23、in its emotional origin. The conflict in Ireland is unlikely to stop until a greater primitive fear is imposed from outside the community, or until tile combatants become exhausted.考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,- D# l8 V( P; j9 d1 _6. A suitable title for this passage would be _. % t: u8

24、' iA. Wily Human Armies Are FormedB. Man's Anger Against the World考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,8 A6 * F% E  q3 N( h9 oC. The Human Capacity for RageD. Early Straggles of Angry Mail考博论坛$ I) E$ O9 * y, P5 / X; e+ p7 According to the author, the surprising aspect of human anger is _.+ J(

25、 F7 ( K+ ?. A$ a8 SA. its lengthy and complex developmentB. a conflict such as is now going on in Northern IrelandC. that we do not fly into a temper more oftenD. that we reserve anger for mankind考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,2 L7 M2 N3 _9 ( e8. The passage suggests that _.A. historically, we have creat

26、ed an “us” versus “them” societyB. humans have had a natural disinclination toward formal grouping+ T6 ( P) z2 h! h9 8 j1 dC. the First World War is an example of how man has always avoided dominationD. the emotional origin of the war in Ireland is lost in time考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,8 K1 z. H* Y-

27、 N4 6 f1 J9. From the passage we can infer that _.考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,: j, A* L5 I$ 6 E& A. the artificial creation of a subspecies unlike us is something that never happensB. games are psychologically unhealthyC. any artificially created subspecies would be our enemyD. the

28、real or imagined existence of an opposing subspecies is inherent in man's activities.10. The author believes that a religious explanation for the war in Northern Ireland is _.考博论坛9 n& ( r9 M0 s/ D# l1 f4 k6 A. founded in historical fact   B. deceptive C. apparent   D. acc

29、urate Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. Most of the young people hold the mistaken belief that goods produced in our own country are _ to imported o

30、nes.nA. inadequate B. inappropriate   C. inferior D. interior2. It is not a question of how much a man knows, but what use he _ what he knows.A. makes for    B. makes of   C. makes up  D. makes out3. Throughout the empire of Kublai Khan, money made of paper was use

31、d for business _, something unheard of in Europe.A. Transformations B. transmissions C. transitions D. transactions考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,1 _9 f5 ( K* b5 D1 h4. As the pressure _ the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistant rock to the earth's surface.考博论坛, j8

32、 s  N1 e) N  SA. intensifies   B. magnifies   C. heightens   D. deviates# y) V& # T. , C+ E* / # G: X, E5. The strong scent of Kate's perfume _ the air in the small room.A. radiated B. permeated C. extracted D. dispersed) T/ x% v! v: X& d

33、& 6. The scientific and medical prizes have proved to be the least _, while those for literature and peace by their very nature have been the most exposed to critical differences.A. radical B. prominent C. confidential   D. controversial考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,' O/

34、 ?' a. & A5 H7. They are _ to industrialists, who need the valuable copper and nickel in them.A. tempting   B. tickling   C. tormenting   D. tricking* : x: 8 i2 r& J8. Another popular misconception is the _ that great talent is usually highly specific.A. not

35、ion    B. dilemma  C. domain   D. analogy考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,- R) E" c$ Y  |& d; N+ r8 w2 T9 P3 g1 : t9. You can _ the loudness of the radio by turning the knob to right or left.7 W: a3 v- w' V( IA. change   B. vary   C. alter

36、   D. transform考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,* c! u8 N. 5 Z2 J( Q) 10. The distance between the earth and the sun may be said to be _.4 I$ o! t. n4 y4 Z" e6 5 YA. enormous   B. huge   C. vast   D. immense2 G3 U+ G5 l, h) C1 R: D: V& jPart E

37、rror Correction (10 points)Directions: In the following passage, there are 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to add a word, cross out a word, or change a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you cross out a word, put a slant (/) in the bla

38、nk.2 c& 2 L7 d8 I9 2 DWhen a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is in faulty or in 1._ _some other way does not live to the manufacturer's claim for it, the first？ 2._ _step is to present the warranty or any other records which might help, at the考博,考博网,考博论坛,考博英语,考博试题,考博试卷,考博辅导,kaob

39、8 N( m4 r, L! p) V& h4 cstore of purchase. In most cases, this action will produce results. Moreover, 3._ _if it does not, there are various means the consumer may use to gain satisfaction.考博论坛:最早最大的中文考博论坛,; F" V* " R* S9 u% Y1 s, f9 uA simple and common method used by ma

40、ny consumers is to complaindirectly to the store manager. In general, the “high up” the consumer？ 4._ _takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect to be settled.？ 5._ _In such case, it is usually settled in the consumer's favor, assumed he 6._ _ or she has a just claim. Consumers

41、 should complain about in person 7._ _whenever possible, but if it cannot get to the place of purchase, it is 8._ _ ( iacceptable to phone or write the complaint with a letter.？ 9._ _Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demon

42、strate that is wrong？ 10._ _with the item in question.9 K6 M$ D+ I0 XPart Writing (10 points)& P5 i- - ?  Q3 O2 P9 c略2008南开考博英语真题回忆版一、听力（1分×20=20分）二、词汇（0.5分×20=10分）三、阅读（1-10题1分，11-30题1.5分，共1分×10+1.5分×20=40分）(A) 出自北京海淀区07年高三11月月考英语卷 To many web-building spiders, most

43、 of whom are nearly blind, the web is their essential window on the world: their means of communicating, capturing prey（猎物）, meeting mates and protecting themselves. A web-building spider without its web is like a men cast away on an island of solid rock，totally out of touch and destined to starve t

44、o death. by controlpanel So important is the web to an orb-web spider's survival that the animal will continue to construct new webs daily even if it is being starved. For 16 days the starving spider builds completely normal webs. Then, as the animal gets scrawnier（憔悴的）， it constructs a wider-me

45、shed web using fewer strands（线）. Such webs would only trap larger prey, which is more economical from the perspective of a starving spider. by controlpanel The spider stores energy by recycling web protein. It simply eats its own web each evening and reuses it to produce new silk. In studies with ra

46、dioactively，labeled materials, it was found that 95 percent of web protein reappears in the next day' web. Most of the energy needed for web-building is used in walking over the strands as they are laid downby controlpanel Scientists are impressed by the adaptability of the spider's highly p

47、reprogrammed brain, which is larger for its size than the brain of any other invertebrate（无脊推动物）If web-building is interrupted, or if some of the existing strands are destroyed，the spider simply goes back to see where the web is left off and then finishes building a normal web. One spider will finis

48、h building the incomplete web of another. by controlpanel1. A title that would best express the main idea of the passage would be . A. Secrets of Spiders. B. Secrets of the WebC. Secrets of Nature D. A New Discovery of Scientists2. According to the passage which of the following statements is true A

49、. All web-building spiders are blindB. Most spiders are blindC. Only a small part of web-building spiders can see.D. All spiders can weave webs.3. Without its web a web-building spider would NOT be able to .A. walk quickly B. see the prey clearly C. conserve its energy D. survive4. A spider conserve

50、s its energy .A. because it constructs new webs dailyB. as it walks over the strands it laysC. by eating its own web protein and then re-using it in the new webD. by eating only in the evening5. That a spider is able to finish an incomplete web of another proves that .A. a spider re-uses its web ene

51、rgy to reproduce new silkB. spiders have a highly preprogrammed brainC. the web is everything to a spiderD. a spider is able to remedy a destroyed web.(B) 出自1997年1月托福阅读全真试题Large animals that inhabit the desert have evolved a number of adaptations for reducing the effects of extreme heat. One adaptat

52、ion is to be light in color, and to reflect rather than absorb the Suns rays. Desert mammals also depart from the normal mammalian practice of maintaining a constant body temperature. Instead of trying to keep down the body temperature deep inside the body, which would involve the expenditure of wat

53、er and energy, desert mammals allow their temperatures to rise to what would normally be fever height, and temperatures as high as 46 degrees Celsius have been measured in Grants gazelles. The overheated body then cools down during the cold desert night, and indeed the temperature may fall unusually

54、 low by dawn, as low as 34 degrees Celsius in the camel. This is an advantage since the heat of the first few hours of daylight is absorbed in warming up the body, and an excessive buildup of heat does not begin until well into the day. by controlpanelAnother strategy of large desert animals is to t

55、olerate the loss of body water to a point that would be fatal for non-adapted animals. The camel can lose up to 30 percent of its body weight as water without harm to itself, whereas human beings die after losing only 12 to 13 percent of their body weight. An equally important adaptation is the abil

56、ity to replenish this water loss at one drink. Desert animals can drink prodigious volumes in a short time, and camels have been known to imbibe over 100 liters in a few minutes. A very dehydrated person, on the other hand, cannot drink enough water to rehydrate at one session, because the human sto

57、mach is not sufficiently big and because a too rapid dilution of the body fluids causes death from water intoxication. The tolerance of water loss is of obvious advantage in the desert, as animals do not have to remain near a water hole but can obtain food from grazing sparse and far-flung pastures.

58、 Desert-adapted mammals have the further ability to feed normally when extremely dehydrated, it is a common experience in people that appetite is lost even under conditions of moderate thirst. by controlpanel6. What is the main topic of the passage? (A) Weather variations in the desert (B) Adaptations of