【英语】高考英语阅读理解(教育文化)真题汇编(含答案)及解析

1、【英语】高考英语阅读理解（ 教育文化 ） 真题汇编（ 含答案 ） 及解析一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类1 阅读理解The end of the year is drawing near, and winter is in full swing. The season brings along with it strong winds and snow an environment that's never comfortable to be in.This unpleasant and even frightening aspect of winter can often be see

2、n in literature. In Shakespeare's King Lear （1606）, the king has given away his kingdom and been rejected by his two ungrateful daughters. He is out in the winter cold ， suffering things that are usually reserved for the poorest and most unfortunate human beings.The winter is bad enough for Lear

3、 ， but being abandoned by his family is worse. A song from another Shakespeare play, As You Like It（1599）, is fitting for this poor old man's situation: "Blow, blow, thou winter wind/Thou art not so unkind /As ma's ingratitude （ 忘恩负义）". Here, winter isused to bring out the ugliness

4、 of inhumanity （ 无人性 ）. There aren't many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare.Once winter became less of a threat to human beings, literary works featuring it became more positive. Since Charles Dickens, the representation of the season in literature has often featured ha

5、ppy Christmas celebrations.The cold of the winter weather provides a contrast to the fun going on indoors.Dickens' A Christmas Carol （1843） was the start of this, but Christmas is still a common, cheery element （ 元素 ）in stories that feature winter scenes today. Consider the joy felt by Harry Pot

6、ter and his friends in J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone （1997） as they sit down for their festive meal ："Harry had never in all his life had such a Christmas dinner. A hundred fat， roast turkeys; mountains of roast and boiled potatoes; platters of chipolatas; tur

7、eens of buttered peas, silver boats of thick, rich gravy and cranberry sauce".It is almost as much a pleasure to read about the meal as it might have been to eat it.Although winter still isn't the most cheerful season in novels and poems, it's safe to say that writers have certainly &qu

8、ot;warmed up" since Shakespeare's days.（ 1 ） What's the author's main purpose in writing this article?A.To recommend some winter stories in literature.B.To explain what winter is like in literary works.C.To describe certain customs that are related to winter.D.To tell us why winter

9、is described as unpleasant in literature.（ 2） What can we learn from Shakespeare's works?A.Shakespeare didn't like winter for its bad weather.B.King Lear was forced to give up being a king in a cold winter.C.It's in winter when King Lear drove his two daughters off.D.Winter is compared w

10、ith the ugly side of humanity.（ 3） Why does the author mention Charles Dickens in the passage? A.Because a lot of his works are related to winter.B.Because he is the most popular author of winter stories.C.Because he started a new way of representing winter.D.Because his works make people feel cheer

11、ful in winter.（ 4） The example of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone is used mainly to show . A.traditional Christmas food makes the winter cheery B.Christmas is still a symbol of joy in modern storiesC.it's a pleasure to read Christmas-related books in winterD.winter has become the ha

12、ppiest season in literary works【答案】(1) BD(3) C(4) B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了冬季的令人不快甚至是令人恐惧的方面经常 在文学作品中看到，但随着时间的推移，文学作品中冬天的含义也在发生变化。(1)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的"This unpleasant and even frightening aspect of wintercan often be seen in literature可知，人们经常可以在文学中看到冬季的令人不快甚至是令 人恐惧的方面。随后，作者描述了冬天在不同作家的作品中的不同方面。可推知，作者写

13、本文是为了解释文学作品中的冬天是什么样子的。故选 Bo(2)考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ere, winter is used to bring out the ugliness ofinhumanity (无人性).There aren't many things that are worse than winter, according to Shakespeare.可知，在莎士比亚的戏剧皆大欢喜中，冬天被用来展现人性的丑陋。莎 士比亚认为，没有什么比冬天更糟糕的了。故选 Do(3)考查推理判断。根据第四段可知，自狄更斯以来，在文学中这个季节的表现常常是 圣诞快乐的庆祝活动。由此

14、可知，作者在文中提到查尔斯狄更斯是因为他开启了一种描写冬天的新方式。故选 Co(4)考查推理判断。根据第五段可知，寒冷的冬季天气与室内的乐趣形成了对比。再根 据第六段第二句话可知，在 J. K. Rowling的哈利？波特与魔法石中，哈利？波特和他的朋友们在享用圣诞大餐时是快乐的。作者通过这个例子说明在现代故事中圣诞节仍然是快乐 的象征。故选Bo【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需 要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。2 .阅读理解A Harvard study of their graduates over thirty

15、years found that there were only a small percentage (3%) of them who actually wrote down their goals-and these were the most successful! You can be certain that every one of those students had repeatedly heard the value of goal setting. Yet only 3% actually wrote down their goals consistently. Imagi

16、ne what you can do if you both write down your goals and, then, focus on them consistently, until they are accomplished!What is it that causes the "New Year's Resolution Syndrome"? People make resolutions, work hard at them for a few weeks, maybe even a few months, and then forget them

17、. Next year, they make the same New Year's resolutions. That is the syndrome. So why do so many people do it?They may be making goals that are too global, and too unrealistic. The elephant analogy ( 比喻) is still the best one I know of to illustrate good goal setting. "How do you eat an elep

18、hant? One spoonful at a time." So it is with goals. Make spoon size goals and accomplish them easily. Once you've mastered this, get a bigger spoon!You may have too many people in your life who consciously or subconsciously are unwilling or unable to support you to reach your goals. Surroun

19、d yourself with people who want you to have what you want for yourself. Support each other and you'll all achieve your highest goals.We must be careful not to confuse busyness with progress. Be selective about how you use your time and what you focus on. Success often comes when you know what to

20、 leave out, rather than what to include in your life.Goal setting is like the pig and chicken who were out for a walk in town early one morning. The chicken became really excited when she saw a sign that said "Ham & Eggs, $2.99". She said to the pig, "Look, we've got double bi

21、lling again." The pig grunted and said, "That's all right for you to say. For you, it's all in a day's work. For me, it's total commitment." Goal setting is all in a day's work. Goal achievement is total commitment.(1) What can we learn from Paragraph 1?A.Few Harva

22、rd students know the importance of setting goals.B.Writing down goals is unhelpful in achieving them.C.A very small percentage of Harvard students can succeed.D.Keeping working on goals eventually leads to victory.(2) What can we know about New Year's resolutions?A.They are really difficult to a

23、chieve.B.Most people give them up halfway.C.They should be different from year to year.D.Most people make no effort to achieve them.(3) According to the elephant analogy, when setting goals, we should .A.ask for others' adviceB.set great and worthy goalsC.break a big goal into smaller piecesD.re

24、fer to the goals we set earlier(4) What does the story of the pig and chicken imply?A.Rome is not built in one day.B.When the cat is away, the mice will play.C.The early bird catches the worm.D.Birds of a feather flock together. What can be the best title for this passage?A.Goals only work when you

25、do!B.Surroundings contribute to success!C.Ways to make New Year's resolutionsD.Suggestions for setting realistic goals【答案】（ 1 ） D（ 2） B（ 3） C（ 4） A（ 5） A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述只有很少的人能够坚持写下自己的目标，而这部分人是最成功的，同时也说明了实现目标需要注意的几个方面：第一，学会分解目标；第二，找到能够支持自己的人；第三，不要混淆忙碌与进步；第四，目标设定很容易，但 是实现目标是一个长期的过程。（ 1）考查推理判断。

26、根据第一段中的“ AHarvard study of their graduates over thirty yearsfound that there were only a small percentage （3%） of them who actually wrote down their goalsand these were the most successful! 可知，只有 ”3%的人能够写下自己的目标，而这些人是最成功的，故可以推测出，只有不断坚持，朝目标前进的人才能成功，故选D。（ 2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ People make resolutions, work

27、 hard at them for a fewweeks, maybe even a few months, and then forget them. ”可知，人们往往年初做决心，前几周，甚至前几个月很努力，但是之后就抛之于九霄云外，可知，很多人半途而废，故选B。（ 3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"How do you eat an elephant? One spoonful at a time."So it is with goals. Make spoon size goals and accomplish them easily. 可知，设置目标跟吃大象 是一样

28、的，把目标分成小部分，就很容易实现这些目标了，故可知，要学会分解目标，故 选C。（ 4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ Goal setting is all in a day's work. Goal achievementis total commitment. ”可知，设定目标很短，但是达成目标则需要完全的付出，根据选项，与 A 选项，罗马不是一日建成的，意思符合，故选A。（ 5）考查主旨大意。纵观全文可知，本文讲述只有很少的人能够坚持写下自己的目标，而这部分人是最成功的，同时也说明了实现目标需要注意的几个方面：第一，学会分解目标；第二，找到能够支持自己的人；第三，不要混淆忙碌

29、与进步；第四，目标设定很容易，但是实现目标是一个长期的过程，故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3 阅读理解Almost none of us have the time to read everything we'd like to read. Yet we lose countless hours to daily activities that bring us little joy like taking buses and waiting in line.

30、What if we could turn these little blocks of unoccupied time into precious and rewarding moments for learning and reflection?Founded in 2012, iReader, a micro-learning app on mobile phones, brings the biggest ideas from best-selling books through 15-minute audio （ 音频 ） and text. So far, more than 3,

31、000 books have been included, ranging from psychology and parenting to management and economics, withnew titles added every day.Reader is pioneering a new method of reading, with over 9 million users enjoying the benefits already. According to the Pew Research Center (PRC), the British read just 4 p

32、aper books a year and over 25% haven't read a single paper book this year, but reading isn't dying. There are now more ways for the British to read than ever before, due to the widespread use of e-books and audio books.The books in iReader are rewritten to ensure it is easy to remember the m

33、ain content. The way the content is edited has been specifically designed to ensure it is useful in practice. Besides, the content is rewritten with relevant examples in real life, which means users are more likely to remember and apply what is helpful to them.Holger Seim, German co-founder of this

34、app, declares, " iReader gives you the biggest ideas in the shortest possible time. It transforms great ideas into little packs you can listen to or read in just 15 minutes."(1) What does the author suggest people do in the unoccupied time?A. Read and think.B. Write and share.C. Avoid taki

35、ng buses.D. Bring joy to daily routines.(2) What can we infer from the PRC findings?A.The British benefit a lot from reading.B.Reading methods are more important than before.C.Digital technology are taking the place of paper books.D.New forms of books are changing the way the British read.(3) How do

36、es iReader make the content easy to remember?A.By bringing fun to it.B.By making it useful.C.By using artistic designs.D.By taking users as examples.(4) What is the best title for the text?A.iReader Prevents Reading from DyingB.iReader Unites Worldwide Book-loversC.iReader: The Best New App Creation

37、D.iReader: Big Ideas in Small Packages【答案】(1) AD(3) B(4) D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种阅读方式：iReader。它开创了一种新的阅读方式，已经有超过900万的用户享受到了这种好处，同时也正改变着英国人的阅读方式。(1)考查细节理解。第一段中的 "Almosnone of us have the time to read everything we'd like to read.几乎没有人有时间读我们想读的所有东西；以及最后一段中的"What if we could turn these lit

38、tle blocks of unoccupied time into precious and rewarding moments for learning and reflection?可知作者认为我们应该把空闲的时间变成宝贵的、有价值的学习和反思的时 间，即作者建议我们利用空闲时间来阅读和思考，故选 A。2 2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"There are now more ways for the British to read thanever before, due to the widespread use of e- books and audio books. 可

39、知'由于电子书和有声书 的广泛使用，英国人现在有了比以往更多的阅读方式。即从PRC的发现中我们能得知新的书籍形式正在改变英国人的阅读方式。故选D。（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的"Theway the content is edited has been specificallydesigned to ensure it is useful in practice.可知iReader通过使得目录有助于实践来让内容更 容易记住，故选B。（4）考查主旨大意。根据最后一段中的iReader gives you the biggest ideas in the shortestpo

40、ssible time. It transforms great ideas into little packs you can listen to or read in just 15 minutes.可知iReader能在最短的时间内给你最大的想法。它把伟大的想法转化成小包装， 你可以在15分钟内听或读。再结合文章内容可知，文章主要是说明了iReader这种新的阅读方式是小包装里的大创意，故选 Do【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅 读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推 理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。4

41、.阅读理解Rumors（谣言）：we've all heard some and we've all spread some. In more traditional times they shook entire families. Today, they circulate differently because the way we share information has also changed.The fact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially or pers

42、onally. We don't enjoy being on the receiving end of one, since they usually don't have good intentions. They are somewhat veiled（掩饰的）messages.Normally rumors are oral messages: word of mouth. The paradox（ 自相矛盾 ）is that there is no evidence to support rumors, but the more people share it, th

43、e more they see it as true. To finish defining rumors, we think that they follow certain very clear laws. Secrecy: The source is unknown. There is also a proven phenomenon that human beings usually forget the source of a message before they forget its content. Certainty: We hardly question rumors si

44、mply because of the mental effort involved. On the other hand, no one likes to doubt a person who convinces us that the information they spread is true. Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out to fill in the gaps left by the initial rumor.Another property of rumors is that they tend to be

45、come viral. Each receiver is at the same time a potential transmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it.How can we end rumors? The answer is as simple as it is impossible: preventing people from communicating. A mo

46、re realistic response is equally difficult, although less than the first one. It is that we should be critical of the information we receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask （if possible） the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information.We should also think

47、 about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that someone started the rumor.One rumor to be especially cautious of is a rumor about groups relatively unable to defend themselves. That's why we say, "history is always told by the victors." The first payment the defeated must make is to

48、accept the victor's version of the story.（ 1 ） What's the author's attitude towards rumors?A.Critical.B.Positive.C.Approving.D.Cautious.（ 2） What can we learn about rumors?A.We have all heard some and believed them.B.We're happy to be the receiving end of them.C.They may have negativ

49、e influence on society.D.They often hide good intentions in the messages.（ 3） How are rumors like trees?A.Rumors keep changing, just as trees change their color.B.Rumors are deeply rooted in reality, like tree roots in the earth.C.New rumors have gaps, like the space between tree branches.D.New rumo

50、rs grow out of the original, like branches out of a trunk.（ 4） What does the underlined word "viral" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Something easily spreadB.Something acceptableC.Something easily defended.D.Something beneficial.（ 5） Which of the following may the author agree with?A.It is

51、easy to prevent people from spreading rumors.B.People are often active in judging the rumors critically.C.We should think about the hidden message of the rumors.D.Stories told by the victors are usually better worth trusting.【答案】（ 1 ） A（ 2） C（ 3） D（ 4） A（ 5） C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，介绍了什么是谣言，谣言的危害，特点及怎样避免谣

52、言。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ In more traditional times they shook entire families. ；第二段中的“ Thefact is that rumors have great potential to upset things, whether socially orpersonally. ；以及第四段中的 ”“ Another property of rumors is that they tend to become viral. 等 信息可知作者认为谣言会对个人生活和社会造成混乱，作者对谣言是批评的态度。故选A。(2)考查推理判

53、断。根据第二段中的"Theact is that rumors have great potential to upsetthings, whether socially or personally.可知谣言会对个人生活和社会造成混乱，给社会带来 不良影响。故选Co3 3)考查推理判断。根据第三段中的"Change: It acts like a tree. New rumors branch out tofill in the gaps left by the initial rumor.把谣言比作树，新谣言的出现填补了最初谣言留下的空白。这说明新的谣言从原来的地方冒出来

54、，就像树枝从树干冒出来一样。故选Do(4)考查词义猜测。根据第四段中的"Eachreceiver is at the same time a potentialtransmitter of the information. The receiver often adds their own opinion. Their manner and tone of transmitting it also changes it.可知每个接收者同时又是信息潜在的发送者。接收者通常 还会添加自己的观点或改变信息。这是在说谣言的危害，像病毒一样容易传播。画线的“vira即指像病毒一样容易传播，故选

55、Ao5 5)考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的"It is that we should be critical of the informationwe receive. We should ask ourselves if the source is reliable. Ask (if possible) the person you heard it from whether they also trust the information. We should also think about if the rumor benefits someone, and if that

56、someone started the rumor.可知我们要理性对待谣言，核实信息的准确性，可信度，评估对别人的影响，即考虑谣言的背后信息。故选Co【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需 要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。5.阅读理解The stories we share with one another are important. They show wisdom and provide inspiration. They are important to our development. But sometimes pe

57、ople choose not to tell.Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola.There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. Bobette Buster said it l

58、ike this, "The fact is, history has shown us that stories not told can become like a dangerous genie ( 妖怪) left in a bottle. When they are finally uncorked, their power to destroy is set free."There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or e

59、xpose our disadvantages; they require courage and strength to share; and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secretespecially those that embarrass someone else.Most of us have two selves: the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on the inside. And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others.Honesty and openness is important