Prose-writers and poets of the mid and Late

1、Prose-writers and poets of the mid and Late 19th centuryProse-writers and poets of the mid and Late 19th centuryvProse writers:vThomas Carlyle (1795-1881)vJohn Ruskin (1819-1900)vMatthew Arnold (1822-1888)vThomas Macaulay (1800-1859)vPoets:vAlfred Tennyson (1809-1892)vThe Brownings: Robert Browning

2、and Elizabeth BarretThomas Carlyle (1795-1881)vI. Brief introductionv1. Like Burns, born in a Scottish peasant family;v2. Entering Edinburgh University at 14;v3. A systematic study of German language and German romantic literature like Goethe and Schiller;v4. Prose works:vA. 1828-1834: his first boo

3、k, “Sartor Resartus” (the tailor retailored) 织工马南织工马南/再造的缝工再造的缝工Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881)vB. The French Revolution (1837) It established his literary reputation as a great writer;vC. Hero and Hero-worship (1841): His most well-known work Historical view: the decisive element in history is the indiv

4、idual leadership of genius and common people are supposed to acknowledge and obey the hero.v (See more on Page 392) Question after reading:Question after reading: 1. What are the historical views of Carlyle? 1. What are the historical views of Carlyle? 2. What are the six kinds of heroes in his work

5、? 2. What are the six kinds of heroes in his work?PoetsvAlfred TennysonvRobert and Elizabeth BrowningThe similarities and dissimilarities of the leading Victorian poets: Similarities: similarities:Their poems are the continuation of Romanticism and influenced by poems of Romantists. The poets show t

6、he practice in metrical patterns and literary styles. Dissimilarities:Browning is active and optimistic while Tennyson is pessimistic. Browning seeks for new styles while Tennyson follows conventions.Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)vPosition:vThe greatest poet of the 19th centuryv1. In Memoriam 悼念集悼念集v A

7、 collection of 131 elegies, in memory of A.H. Hallam, his closet friend and the fianc of his sister, published in 1850vTopic: life, death and immortalityv Break, Break, Break 浪花，拍，拍，拍浪花，拍，拍，拍(冲激，冲激，冲激冲激，冲激，冲激)vWritten through seventeen years of thought and spiritual struggle, it has, in T. S. Eliots

8、 words, “only the unity and continuity of a diary” but, Eliot adds, “It is a diary of which we have to read every word”. vTennyson regarded this work as so intensely personal that he did not plan to publish it. Finally, at the urging of his wife, he published the poem anonymously in 1850.v2. The Idy

9、lls of the King国王诗歌集国王诗歌集(1859-1885)vNarrative poems based on the stories of King Arthur and his Knights of the Round Table. vBreak, Break, Break vBreak, break, break, vOn thy cold gray stones, O Sea! vAnd I would that my tongue could utter vThe thoughts that arise in me. vO well for the fishermans

10、boy, vThat he shouts with his sister at play! vO well for the sailor lad, vThat he sings in his boat on the bay! vAnd the stately ships go on vTo their haven under the hill; vBut O for the touch of a vanished hand, vAnd the sound of a voice that is still! vBreak, break, break, vAt the foot of thy cr

11、ags, O Sea! vBut the tender grace of a day that is dead vWill never come back to me. v飞溅，飞溅，飞溅；飞溅，飞溅，飞溅；v冰冷的灰岩迎击海面！冰冷的灰岩迎击海面！v呼喊飞出我的喉间呼喊飞出我的喉间v要将冉升的思绪呈现。要将冉升的思绪呈现。v看，那渔场的男孩看，那渔场的男孩v和他的姐妹嬉闹欢颜；和他的姐妹嬉闹欢颜；v看，那强壮的渔夫看，那强壮的渔夫v立在船头高歌海湾边。立在船头高歌海湾边。v还有那雄伟的船队还有那雄伟的船队v驶回山下的家园；驶回山下的家园；v噢，那即将消散的触摸，噢，那即将消散的触摸，v还有那

12、久久回荡的音线。还有那久久回荡的音线。v飞溅，飞溅，飞溅，飞溅，飞溅，飞溅，v峭壁脚下的海面。峭壁脚下的海面。v但今天给我温柔缠绵但今天给我温柔缠绵v再也不会回到我的眼前。再也不会回到我的眼前。QuestionsvSome critics have objected that lines 9-10 are irrelevant to the main theme of the poem. Can you justify Tennysons inclusion of these lines?Crossing the BarvSunset and evening star,vAnd one cle

13、ar call for me!vAnd may there be no moaning of the bar,vWhen I put out to see.v太阳沉没，晚星闪烁，太阳沉没，晚星闪烁，一个清晰的呼声在召唤我！一个清晰的呼声在召唤我！愿海滩不要哀泣呜咽，愿海滩不要哀泣呜咽，当我出海的时刻。当我出海的时刻。vBut such a tide as moving seems asleep,vToo full for sound and foam,vWhen that which drew from out the boundless deepvTurns again home.v浑然流动

14、的潮水似已睡去，浑然流动的潮水似已睡去，潮太满了反而无声无息，潮太满了反而无声无息，从无边的海洋里汲取的，从无边的海洋里汲取的，如今又复归去。如今又复归去。vTwilight1 and evening bell,vAnd after that the dark!vAnd may there be no sadness of farewell,vWhen I embark;v暮色茫茫，晚钟轻轻暮色茫茫，晚钟轻轻接着是黑暗降临！接着是黑暗降临！但愿不要有诀别的悲痛但愿不要有诀别的悲痛当我启航的时辰；当我启航的时辰；v1. twilight n. 暮色，黄昏；曙光，黎明暮色，黄昏；曙光，黎明vFor

15、 though from out our bourne1 of Time and PlacevThe flood may bear me far,vI hope to see my Pilot face to facevWhen I have crossed the bar.v虽然潮水会把我带到无限遥远，虽然潮水会把我带到无限遥远，越出我们的时间、空间，越出我们的时间、空间，我希望见到领航人，面对着面，我希望见到领航人，面对着面，当我越过了海滩。当我越过了海滩。v1. bourne n. 边界；目的地；范围边界；目的地；范围渡沙渚渡沙渚阿尔费雷德阿尔费雷德丁尼生丁尼生v夕阳下，闪疏星，夕阳下，

16、闪疏星，召唤一声清朗！召唤一声清朗！愿沙渚宁静，愿沙渚宁静，我将出海远航；我将出海远航；v潮汐如梦幻，潮汐如梦幻，涛声似止，浪花息；涛声似止，浪花息；大海深处涌来，大海深处涌来，又悄然退却。又悄然退却。v暮霭钟鸣，暮霭钟鸣，黑夜将笼罩！黑夜将笼罩！愿诀别无悲声，愿诀别无悲声，登舟起锚登舟起锚; ;v千古洪流，时空无限，千古洪流，时空无限，滔滔载我至远方；滔滔载我至远方；渡沙渚一线，渡沙渚一线，泰然见领航。泰然见领航。AnalysisvTwo significant images:vbar, crossvOther supporting images:vsunset, evening star,

17、 twilight and evening bellQuestion for discussionvCrossing the Bar has been praised as a poem in which every image can be seen to have a double meaning. Explain the double meanings of the images in the poems.vhttp:/ is a popular belief that the ebbing tide (落潮落潮) moans when a death has occurred.vTen

18、nyson wrote this poem at the age of eighty-one, after a serious illness. vThree years later, a few days before his death, he said to his son, “mind you put Crossing the Bar at the end of all editions of my poems.” vThis request has been honored in all of the many editions of Tennysons poems.The Brownings: Robert Browning and Elizabeth BarretvMr. Browning: Home