省略与替代PPT课件

1、 一. 简单句中的省略：口语中或有上下文关系时，简单句的某些成分常被省略。 See you later. ( I hope to) Hope to see you again. ( I) Anything wrong? ( Is there) What a beautiful flower ( it is )! 第1页/共43页二. 并列句的省略：并列句中后面的并列分句中与前面分句相同的部分往往可以省略，以避免重复。 I live on the fifth floor and he lives on the third floor. I live on the fifth floor and

2、he on the third . She often regards English as easy and she often regards German as difficult. She often regards English as easy and German as difficult.第2页/共43页 He has gone, but I dont know where/when. He has gone, but I dont know where/when he has gone. In our class boys like sports while girls do

3、nt like sports. In our class boys like sports while girls dont .第3页/共43页 三. 复合句的省略 1. 名词性从句： that引导宾语从句或引导主语从句不放在句首（it作形式主语）时可省略。 I didnt know that you were ill last week. It is said that he was badly injured in the fire.第4页/共43页 2. 定语从句： (1)关系代词that, which, whom引导限制性定语从句在从句中作宾语不放在介词之后时可省略。 This the

4、 man whom/who I gave first aid to. At once he left the room that/which he lived in.第5页/共43页 (2) 关系代词as引导的限制性定语从句常省略谓语。 I have the same dictionary as you have. He is not such a man as his brother is.第6页/共43页 (3) The way表示“方式、方法”后带定语从句时，如果引导词在从句中作方式状语，引导词可用that或in which，也可省略。 I dont like the way that/

5、in which you spoke to your mother.第7页/共43页 3. 状语从句： (1)时间、让步、条件、方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句的主语一致，或从句的主语是it, 且从句的谓语动词中含有be时，从句的主语和be动词可省略（但不可只省略其中一个）。 They were scolded whenever they were late for school. He rushed out as if he was angry.第8页/共43页 Although he was against my opinion, the old professor didnt put

6、 up with his own.(福建07) -Who should be responsible for the accident? -The boss, not the workers. They just carried out the order as (tell) If not (invite), I wont go. If it is convenient, lets meet again this Sunday.toldinvited第9页/共43页 (2)比较状语从句常省略谓语。 He speak English better than I speak English. I

7、am as busy as you are.第10页/共43页 四. 其他省略现象 1. What if?句型中主句常省略而只保留what。 What if it should rain? What (should we do) if it should rain? What if we tell him the truth? What (will happen) if we tell him the truth?第11页/共43页 2. The more, the more句型。 In studying English, the more practice there is, the bet

8、ter it is. In studying English, the more practice , the better .第12页/共43页 3. suggest, order, advise, request, command, require, demand, insist等动词 后面的宾语从句中谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可省略。 He insisted that we should not tell her the truth. I suggested that he should give up the plan.第13页/共43页 4. 某些动词（如f

9、ind, consider, expect, suppose, imagine等）后带“to be + n./ adj.” 作宾补或主补时to be可省略。 I consider the book to be a good one. The book is thought to be valuable.第14页/共43页 5. 某些主从复合句中主句的省略。 It is a Pity that you fail again. It is No wonder that he was so angry. There is No doubt that we will succeed.第15页/共43页

10、 6. Had better结构的省略。 You had Better stay at home.第16页/共43页 7. 不定式的省略： (1)To的省略 A. 感官动词、使役动词后带不定式作宾补时不定式不带to, 但被动式后的不定式要带to。 She had her son (do) it himself. I heard him (sing) the song every day. He was heard the song every day.dosing to sing第17页/共43页 有do无to，无do有to B. 不定式作表语时，如果前面出现实义动词do, to可省略也可不省

11、略。 The only thing I want to do is to get back my money. C. But, except, besides(除之外)带不定式作宾语前面有实义动词do时要省略to。 I could do nothing but wait on. He did nothing else except laugh.第18页/共43页 D. Help带不定式作宾语或宾补时，to可省略也可不省略。 He will come to help do the work. He will come to help to do the work. He asked me to

12、help him (to) repair his car.第19页/共43页 E. 当两个或多个不定式并列时，后面的不定式常省略to,但表示比较关系时to不省略。 The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, not (make) it more difficult. I prefer to read books rather than TV or play computer games. It is easier to make a plan than (carry) it out.to makewatchto carry第2

13、0页/共43页 F. dare作实义动词用于疑问句或否定句时，后面的不定式可省略to。 I dont dare to do that again.第21页/共43页 (2)省略动词而保留to的情况 以下情况不定式常省略与上文相同的动词。A. 不定式充当like, love, hope, care, expect, prefer, refuse, mean, try, intend, agree, want, afford, forget, remember, manage等动词的宾语时。 -You should have thanked her before he left. -I had m

14、eant to , but I forgot to. -I had meant to thank , but I forgot to.第22页/共43页 B. 不定式充当ask, tell, advise, force, persuade, wish, allow等动词的宾补或主补时。 I wanted to leave the meeting room, but he told me not to leave. I asked to have a rest, but I was not allowed to have .第23页/共43页 C. 不定式作happy, glad, eager,

15、 anxious, willing, ready等形容词的状语时。 -Would you mind looking after my cat when I am away? -Not at all. I would be happy to. -Not at all. I would be happy to look after your cat.第24页/共43页 D. 不定式用于be able to do, be going to do, have to do, ought to do, used to do等复合谓语中时。 He doesnt live here, but he used

16、to live here. I cant do such work now, but I will be able to.第25页/共43页 注意：当省略的不定式内容是助动词have或be动词的任何形式时，to后要保留have或be。 He is not a teacher, but he used to. He is not a teacher, but he used to be. He didnt come, but he ought to. He didnt come, but he ought to come. He didnt come, but he ought to have

17、come. He didnt come, but he ought to have. He is a doctor and his son is going to . He is a doctor and his son is going to be.第26页/共43页 8. 介词的省略 (1)以下结构中介词可以省略： have difficulty/trouble/problem (in) doing sth spend/waste (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth have a good/wonderful/hard time (in) dong

18、sth stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth第27页/共43页 (2)表示方式的in this way, in that way, in the same way, in another way等词组中in经常省略。 You can do it in another way. (3)for表示一段时间用于肯定句中不放在句首时。 The meeting lasted 4 hours. The meeting lasted for 4 hours. I have lived here for ten years.第28页/共43页 9. 虚拟条件句中if的省略 Were

19、 I you, I would go with him. If I were you, I would go with him. If the sun should rise in the west, what would happen? Should the sun rise in the west, what would happen?第29页/共43页 10. 某些虚拟结构的省略 -Did you go to Johns party yesterday? -No, but I wish I . -Did you get there in time yesterday? -I could

20、, but my car broke down halfway.had have第30页/共43页 Why dont we take a little break? Didnt we just have ? Your story is interesting, but I dont like . These stories are interesting . The population in China is much larger than in America. The conditions are like in the real spaceship. He is the teache

21、r, who is loved by the students. He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, that had the best color. onesitonethat thosethe onethe ones /those第31页/共43页替代 1. 代词one, it, that, those可用于代替上文出现的名词以避免重复。 One/ones指代可数名词单复/数，加the表示特指，可代替人或物； it指代前面提到过的特定的事物； that/those指代特指的名词单/复数，不代替人；代替单一概念的可数名词

22、只用that；that也可代替不可数名词。第32页/共43页 The book is more difficult than we read before. I am looking for a house. I really like with a garden. Have you seen my pen? I cant find anywhere. The population of China is larger than of America.those/the onesoneitthat第33页/共43页 2. do作代动词可用于代替上文提到的某一动作。 It will be mor

23、e than 100 years before the country begins once again to look as it before. He earns more money than his father .diddoes第34页/共43页 3. so, neither, nor, not的替代用法 I asked him to look up and he did . He wanted me to pass him the book and I so.sodid(1)so可与do的适当形式连用，代替作谓语的动宾或动状结构。第35页/共43页 (2)so可用于代替上文提到的名词或名词短语。 -Is he a college student? -He may be .so第36页/共43页 (3)so可放在句首代替上文提到的某一肯定内容，表示该内容也适合于另一人或物。（用倒装） He has got up. have I You are honest, so am I, and are all of us. 注意：代替否定的内容时要用neither/nor。 He didn