动词时态语态

1、动词动词的时态、语态的时态、语态考点荟萃考点荟萃考点荟萃考点荟萃 动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考的动词的时态和语态一直是历年高考的必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对时必考点。主要考查考生在特定语境下对时态和语态的理解态和语态的理解，此外，此外，为了增加试题的，为了增加试题的区分度，命题者还常常把动词的时态和语区分度，命题者还常常把动词的时态和语态以及主谓一致结合在一起考查。态以及主谓一致结合在一起考查。在解题时要注意以下几个问题：在解题时要注意以下几个问题：1 这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可这个动作可能发生在什么时间？题干中可参照的时间信息有哪些？参照的时间信息有哪些？2 这个动作处于什

2、么状态？是进行中，还是这个动作处于什么状态？是进行中，还是已结束已结束(完成完成)？3 这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？这个动作与主语的关系，是主动还是被动？只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题，试题的答只要全面细致地考虑了这些问题，试题的答案也就水落石出了。案也就水落石出了。正面正面解读解读二、英语常用时态的构成二、英语常用时态的构成一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现现在在主动主动被动被动过过去去主动主动被动被动将将来来主动主动被动被动过过去去将将来来主动主动被动被动do/doesdidwill/shall dowould doam/is/are doingwas/were doing

3、will/shall be doinghave/has donehad donewill have donehave/has been doingam/is/are donewas/were donewill be donewould be doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donehave/has been donehad been donewill have been done二、英语常用时态的构成二、英语常用时态的构成一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现现在在主动主动被动被动过过去去主动主动被动被动将将来来主动主动被动被动过过去去将将来来

4、主动主动被动被动do/doesdidwill/shall dowould doam/is/are doingwas/were doingwill/shall be doinghave/has donehad donewill have donehave/has been doing三、相关时态用法讲解三、相关时态用法讲解v1一般一般现在时的用法现在时的用法v1) 经常性经常性、习惯性习惯性、反复性、反复性的的动作，常与表示动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：频度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every， sometimes, often，twice a week等等。vI leave h

5、ome for school at 7：00 every morning.v2) 客观真理，客观存在客观真理，客观存在，格言，警句格言，警句。vColumbus proved that the earth is round.v3）用在时间、条件、让步状语从句中。）用在时间、条件、让步状语从句中。vIf it rains tomorrow, will you still go？vUnless it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place.v4)少数表示动作起止的动词有时也可用一般少数表示动作起止的动词有时也可用一般现在时代替一般将来时，常用

6、于时刻表。现在时代替一般将来时，常用于时刻表。vThe plane for Canada leaves at 9：15.v2.一般过去时的用法一般过去时的用法v1)表示过去时间发生的情况或动作表示过去时间发生的情况或动作(包括过去包括过去习惯性的动作习惯性的动作)。时间时间状语有：状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982，just now，in the past等等vWhere did you go just now?vWhen I was a child, I often played football at

7、the street.v2)所表达的事件与现在无关。所表达的事件与现在无关。vSorry. I didnt know you were here.v3)句型：句型：vIt is (high) time that sb.did sth.v“是该做某事的时候了是该做某事的时候了” 。如：。如：vIt is time you went to bed.vwould rather sb.did sth.v表示表示“宁愿某人做某事宁愿某人做某事”。如：。如：vId rather you came tomorrow.v4) wish, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般

8、过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。如：vI thought you might have some.v我以为你想要一些。v注意：在口语中动词wonder,情态动词 could, would用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。vI wondered if you could help me.vCould you lend me your bike?v3一般将来时一般将来时v1) will(shall) do。va.单纯的将来。常与单纯的将来。常与from now on, in the future, in a few days, next week等状语连用等状语连用vb.说话时临时

9、的打算。说话时临时的打算。 Sorry, I forgot to post your letter.It doesnt matter. I will go and post it myself. vc.表示事物的表示事物的必然趋势必然趋势vFill will die without water.vd.祈使句祈使句+and/or+简单句简单句(will)vStudy hard, and you will pass the exam.v2)be going to dova按照计划打算做按照计划打算做(即说话时早已有的打算即说话时早已有的打算)vThe play is going to be pro

10、duced next month.vc有迹象要发生的事有迹象要发生的事。vLook at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.v3) be to dova.按计划或安排按计划或安排将发生的事。将发生的事。vWe are to discuss the report next Saturday.vb.表示命令、义务、要求等表示命令、义务、要求等vYou are to do your homework before you watch TV. (相当于相当于should, ought to)vc.可以用于条件句，表示可以用于条件句，表示“想，想

11、要做想，想要做。”vIf you are to pass the exams, you will have to study harder from now on.v4) be about to dov意为马上做某事意为马上做某事,表示表示即将发生的动作即将发生的动作。vHe is about to leave for Beijing.v注意：注意：be about to do 不能与不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。v 常与常与when 连用，连用， 构成句型构成句型“be about to do when ”(正要

12、做正要做这时这时) v5)用用现在进行时表示将来现在进行时表示将来v下列动词下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示等现在进行时可以表示将来将来计划计划安排要做的事安排要做的事。vAre you staying here till next week?v6)一般一般现在时表将来现在时表将来v下列下列动词动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来的一般现在时可以表示将来，常常用于时刻表用于时刻表。vWhen does the bus start

13、? It starts in ten minutes.4.现在进行时的用法现在进行时的用法1)表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与表示说话时正在进行的动作，常与now, at the moment, right now, at present连用连用。2)说话时不一定发生但说话时不一定发生但现阶段正在进行的动作。现阶段正在进行的动作。My brother is reading an interesting novel these days. 3)与副词与副词always，continually，constantly，never等连用时表示厌恶或赞扬等的感情色彩。等连用时表示厌恶或赞扬等的感情色彩。Y

14、ou are always forgetting the important things. 4)go，come，leave，start，stay等等表示将来表示将来计计划安排要做的事划安排要做的事。Were moving to the new building next weekv5.过去过去进行时进行时v表示表示过去某时正在进行的动作过去某时正在进行的动作。常用的时间常用的时间状语有状语有at that time, at this time yesterday, from nine to ten last evening等。等。vMy brother fell down while he

15、was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.v6.将来进行时将来进行时v表示将来某时正在进行的表示将来某时正在进行的动作动作。vBy this time tomorrow, Ill be lying on the beach.7.现在完成时的用法现在完成时的用法1）表示动作发生于过去，）表示动作发生于过去，持续到现在持续到现在，对现对现在有一定的影响或结果。在有一定的影响或结果。常与常与for, since, so far, ever, yet, up to now, in past years, 等等状语连用。状语连用。They have cleaned

16、the classroom. (即：即： The room is clean now. )He has lived in this country for 40 years. 2）可用在表时间、条件、让步的状语从句中，）可用在表时间、条件、让步的状语从句中，表示将来某时以前已完成的动作表示将来某时以前已完成的动作Once you have made a promise, you shouldnt break it. Ill go home as soon as I have finished homework.v常用常用于现在完成时的句型：于现在完成时的句型：vIt is the first/

17、 second time that句型中，句型中，that从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。从句的谓语动词用现在完成时。vIt is the first time that I have been here.vIts has been +段段时间时间+since(did)vIt has been 13 years since I became a teacher.vThis is形容词最高级形容词最高级that结构，结构，that 从从句要用现在完成时。例如：句要用现在完成时。例如：vThis is the best film that Ive (ever) seen.v注意：注意：短暂性动词在肯定

18、句中不可与表示时短暂性动词在肯定句中不可与表示时间段的间段的for, since等连用。等连用。vI have bought the book for a week.vHe has joined the army since he was 16.v8.过去完成时的用法过去完成时的用法v1.表示某一动作发生在过去某一动作之前，表示某一动作发生在过去某一动作之前，即即“过去的过去过去的过去”。vI had been at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came.v2.动词动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，inte

19、nd等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。的想法、希望、打算或意图等。vThey had wanted to help but could not get there in time. v常用于过去完成时的句型常用于过去完成时的句型vby+过去时间过去时间vBy nine oclock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.vhardlywhen(did)，no soonerthan，vHardly had he begun to speak when the audi

20、ence interrupted him. vIt was the first (second, etc.) time (that)vIt was/had been +段时间段时间+ since(had done)v9.将来将来完成时完成时v1)表示表示将来的某一时间已经完成的动作或状态。将来的某一时间已经完成的动作或状态。vYou will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.v2)by将来时间将来时间vWe will have learnt 3,000 words by the end of next term.v10.现在完成进行时的用

21、法现在完成进行时的用法v表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到表示从过去某一时刻开始的动作一直延续到现在，有可能仍要继续下去。现在，有可能仍要继续下去。Ive been sitting here all day. Now that she is out of a job, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasnt decided yet. v11.过去将来时的用法过去将来时的用法v表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作，表示从过去的某一时间看将要发生的动作，通常用于宾语从句通常用于宾语从句vI hoped she

22、would succeed.vThey were sure they would win the final victory.四四、几种易混时态的辨析、几种易混时态的辨析v1一般现在时与现在进行时一般现在时与现在进行时v一般现在时表示一般现在时表示经常性的、习惯性的或状态经常性的、习惯性的或状态性的性的行为。行为。 而现在进行时则具有而现在进行时则具有进行性、未进行性、未完成性和暂时性完成性和暂时性的特点。如：的特点。如：vOn the wall hangs a picture painted by Qi Baishi. vThis is not my coat. Mine is hangin

23、g behind the doorv2010重庆卷重庆卷 The palace caught fire three times in the last century，and little of the original building _ now.vAremainsvBis remainedvCis remainingvDhas been remainedvSelecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.vA. is changing B. has chang

24、edvC. will change D. changesv2一般过去时和现在完成时一般过去时和现在完成时v一般过去时一般过去时只表只表单纯过去单纯过去的动作或状态的动作或状态与现与现在无关在无关。而现在完成时则强调对。而现在完成时则强调对现在现在的影响的影响和结果。和结果。vI stayed in Beijing for five days. Then I went to America. (I am not in Beijing now. )vI have stayed in Beijing for five days and havent decided where to go next.

25、 (I am still in Beijing now and dont know where to go next.)vI _ in London for many years , but Ive never regretted my final decision to move back to China. v A. lived B. was living v C. have lived D. had livedvv3一般过去时和过去进行时一般过去时和过去进行时v一般过去时表示一般过去时表示在过去的时间做了某事在过去的时间做了某事（动作已完成）（动作已完成）。过去进行时则表示。过去进行时则

26、表示在过去在过去某个时间点或时间段正在做某事某个时间点或时间段正在做某事。进行时具。进行时具有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。有进行性、未完成性和暂时性的特点。vI read a book last month. v(书已经在过去某个时间点读完书已经在过去某个时间点读完)vI was reading a book last month. v(书未读完书未读完)v Has Sam finished his homework today?v I have no idea. He _it this morning. vAdid Bhas donevCwas doing Dhad donev Did

27、you see a man in black pass by just now ?v No,sir. I _ a newspaper.v A. read B. was reading v C. would read D. am readingv3. Shirley _ a book about China last yearv but I dont know whether she _it.vA. wrote; has finished vB. was writing; has finished vC. was writing ;had finished vD. wrote; will fin

28、ishv4一般一般过去时和过去完成时过去时和过去完成时v判断用不用过去判断用不用过去完成时应先从时间轴上找到完成时应先从时间轴上找到表示表示“过去过去”的时间点或动作，然后判断的时间点或动作，然后判断在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动在这个时间点或动作之前还有没有另一个动作，并且判断该句是否强调发生在前。作，并且判断该句是否强调发生在前。vvvThe moment I got home, I found I had left my jacket on the playground.v5现在完成现在完成时和完成进行时的用法比较时和完成进行时的用法比较v现在完成时现在完成时表动作已完成在，表动

29、作已完成在，强调强调动作的结动作的结果果，完成进行，完成进行时时表动作从过去到现在的延续表动作从过去到现在的延续,强调强调动作的延续动作的延续。v(1)Why does the river smell terrible? vBecause the water_. vAhave pollutedvBis being pollutedvChas been pollutedvDhave been pollutedv(2)He _ articles for our newspaper these years, and he _about 40 articles. v Ahas written；has

30、writtenvBhas been writing；writesvCis writing；has been writingvDhas been writing；has writtenv6. 现在完成时和过去完成时现在完成时和过去完成时v现在完成时现在完成时: 表延续到现在或表延续到现在或同现在有关同现在有关的动的动作作,句中不可有过去特定时间的状语句中不可有过去特定时间的状语.v过去完成时过去完成时: 表表过去某时之前过去某时之前已经完成或延续已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作到过去某时的动作 vI got caught in the rain and my suit _.v A. has rui

31、ned B. had ruined v C. has been ruined D. had been ruinedvThey became friends again that day. Until then, they_ to each other for nearly two years. A.didnt speak B.hadnt spoken C.havent spoken D.havent been speaking一一、被动语态构成、被动语态构成一般一般进行进行完成完成完成进行完成进行现现在在主动主动被动被动过过去去主动主动被动被动将将来来主动主动被动被动过过去去将将来来主动主动被

32、动被动do/doesdidwill/shall dowould doam/is/are doingwas/were doingwill/shall be doinghave/has donehad donewill have donehave/has been doingam/is/are donewas/were donewill be donewould be doneam/is/are being donewas/were being donehave/has been donehad been donewill have been donev注意：注意：1.短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介词或副词。介词或副词。vThe bo