规则动词与不规则动词

1、规则动词与不规则动词英语中大部分都是规则动词。规则动词都以加-ed词尾的方式构成过去式和过去分词；又以加 -ing词尾的方式构成现在分词。现在式过去式过去分词现在分词Liste nListe nedListe nedListe ningTreatTreatedTreatedTreat ingWishWishedWishedwish ingDiscussDiscussedDiscusseddiscuss ing但在加-ed及-ing词尾时要注意：1. 若以字母e结尾：去式及过去分词只需加 -d;而现在分词则要除去e加上-ing （双e结尾的除外）。Love t loved 宀 lovingack

2、 no wledge ack no wledged ack no wledg inglivet lived t livingplease pleased pleasing2“辅音+ ”结尾：过去式及过去分词应先变y为i，再加-ed;现在分词只加-ing。studyT studiedT study ingtry t tried t trying fry t fried t frying3. “元音字母 + 个辅音字母”结尾，该音节又重读者，末尾辅音字母要双写-e, 再加上 -ed或-ing。pla nT pla nn edT pla nningbegT beggecT beggi ngprefe

3、r t preferred t preferri ngpermit t permitted t permitti ng在其他情况下都直接加-ed或-ing :Playtplayedtplaying （虽以y结尾，但前面是元音字母a）PackT packedT packing （末尾是两个辅音字母，因此不需双写） repeatT repeatedT repeating （辅音字母前是两个元音字母，因此辅音字母无需双写） openTopenedT opening （后面音节不重读，因此末尾辅音字母也不需双写）4“ 一个元音字母+L ”结尾的词，英国人双写，美国人不双写：travelttravell

4、ed ttravelling （英）travel ttraveled ttraveling （美） cancelTcancelledTcancelling （英）canceltcanceledTcanceling （美） 5若“ L”前面有两个元音字母，L则一概不双写：revealT revealedT revealing （英、美）appealT appealed appealing （英、美）6另有少数特殊的词，尽管末尾音节不重读，末尾辅音字母在英国仍然双写：Worshipt worshipped t worshipping （英）worship t worshiped t worship

5、ing （美）Kidnap t kid napped t kid napp ing （英）kid nap t kid naped t kid naping （美） programT programmed （英）programt programed （美国有时用此拼法）7 以“ X ”结尾的词，X不双写：taxT taxed t tax ing mix t mixed t mixi ng在英语中，有些词在加-ed/-ing时，其末尾字母需要双写。常见的有下面这些：abetabhoracquitadmitallotbanbarbatbegblotbragbrimchatchopclapcommit

6、compelconfercontrolcramcropdamdeferdeterdipdistildotdragdropdrumdubembedemitenrolen thralequipexcelexpelfanfitflaggetgringripgroggunhan dicaphemhophughumincurin stiljamjogjotknitknotlaglogmanmarmobmopmugnagnetnipnodoccuromitoutwitpadpatpatrolpenpinpitplanplodplugpopproppropelrebelrebutrecapreferscan

7、scarscarpscrubshipshopshredshrugshunsinsipskidskimskinspotstripslapslipslopslotsnapsobstrapthinstabstarstemstepstirstoptaptrimstunsubmitsunswaptagtantrektransfertransmitthrobtiptoptrapslamtriptrotvetwagwrapskipsquat另外，下面的词在加-ed 和 -ing 时，在英国英语中末尾的字母要双写，而在美国英语中却不一定双写：CancelinitialMarvelpencilRevelspir

8、alTunneldialkidnapmodelprogramrivalstencilunravelequallabelpanelquarrelshoveltotalworshiphiccuplevelpedalrefuelshriveltravel不规则动词数目虽然有限，但大多数是常用动词，例如：Beatf beatf beate ngivetgavet givenruntrantrunbecome became becomegot wenttgonesaytsaidtsaidbegi n began begu ngrowt grewtgrownseet sawt seenblow t ble

9、w t blow nhavet hadt hadselltsoldtsoldbreaks broke t brokenheart heardt heardsendt sentt sentbringtbroughttbroughthidethidthiddensett sett setbuildtbuilttbuilthitthitthitshaket shookt shakenbursttbursttburstholdtheldtheldshinetshonetshonebuytboughttboughthurtthurtthurtshoott shott shotcatchtcaughttc

10、aughtkeept keptt keptshowt showedt shownchooset choset chosenknow t knewt knownshutt shuttshutcometcametcomelaytlaidtlaidsingt sangtsungcostt costt costleadtledtledsinkt sanktsunkdigtdugtdugleavetlefttleftsittsattsatdot didt donelendtlenttlentsleeptslepttsleptdrawtdrewtdrawnlettlettletspeakt spoket

11、spokendrinktdranktdrunklietlaytlainspendt spentt spentdrivetdrovetdrivenlosetlosttlostspint spant spu neatt eatt eatenmaketmadetmadespreadt spreadt spreadfall t fell tfallenmeantmeanttmeantspringt sprangtsprungfeeltfelttfeltmeettmettmetstandt stoodt stoodfindt foundtfoundpaytpaidtpaidstealtstoletsto

12、lenfly tflew tflownputtputtputsticktstucktstuckforgettforgottforgotenreadt readtreadstriketstrucktstruckforgive tforgavetforgivenridet rodet riddenswimtswamtswumfreezetfrozetfrizenringtrangtrungtaket tookttakengett gott gotrisetrosetrisenteachttaughtttaughtteatore torn tell t told t toldweepT wept t

13、 wept win t won t wonwrite t wrote t writte nthrow t threw t throw n wake t woke t wake nthi nk t thought t thoughtwearT wore t wornun dersta ndT un derstoodT un derstood这里面有些词有两种拼法，例如:英国拼法美国拼法bur n t bur nt t burntbur n r bur nedr bur neddreamr dreamtr dreamtdreamr dreamedr dreamedleanr lea ntr lea

14、ntlea nr lean edr leanedleapr leaptT leaptleapr leapedr leapedlearnr learntr learntlear nr lear nedr learnedsmell r smelt r smeltsmell r smelledr smelledspell r speltr speltspellr spelled r spelledspill r spilt r spiltspill r spilled r spilledspoil r spoilt r spoiltspoil r spoiled r spoiled现在分词的构成法现

15、在分词一般由动词原形加-ing构成，如:goT going sta ndT sta nding askT ask ing an swerT an sweri ng study t study ing beT being 但在下列情况下，拼写应作相应变化：1. 以不发音的-e结尾是动词，须去掉 e再加-ing。如：comeT coming write t writi ngtake t takingbecomer beco ming但当将-e去掉会引起发音变化时，最后的-e就应保留。如：agreer agreei ng sin ger singeing另外，-e前为元音是，-e 也应保留。如：ca

16、noer canoeing2. 动词是闭音节的单音节词，或是以重读闭音节结尾的多音节词，末尾只有一个辅音字母是，这个辅 音字母须双写，再加-ing。如：sit t sitt ing begi nr begi nning run t running admit t admitt ing stop t stopp ing forget t forgett ing3. 少数几个以-ie结尾的单音节动词，须变ie为y,再加-ing。如：dier dyingtier tyi nglie t lyi ng-s词尾的加法在一般现在时中，如果主语是第三人称单数，则动词一般需加-s词尾，如：She works

17、in a computer compa ny.她在电脑公司工作。He gives me a lot of help.他给我许多帮助。一般情况下都直接加 -s： comes lives plays listens因此在使用一般现在时时要经常注意在第三人称单数动词后加-s词尾。在加-s词尾时要注意下面两点：1. 在以ch, sh, s, x或o结尾的词后面要加-es：teachT teachescatchr catcheswish t wisheswashr washes missr missesguessguessesmix t mixes fix t fixes gor goesdor doe

18、s2. 以"辅音+y”结尾的词，先变 y为i再加-es:try t triesstudyr studies reply t replies fly t flies在加-s词尾时，读音有许多值得注意的地方：1) 在/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/等清辅音后面，-s读作/s/：Helps hopes lets gets asks thinks laughs coughs2）在/s/, /z/, /, /t/匕 /d3/等音后-s或-es读作/iz/:Guesses stresses rises pleaseswashes brushesteachescatches urges wag

19、es3）在其他情况下都读作/z/：bringscomesgoesseesreadsliesshowsbegi nsforgives动词的紧缩形式主要的紧缩形式如下:We areT we 'reHere isT here'sHe hasT he'sWho hasr who 'He will the'llYou arer you 'reThey are t they'reThat is t that'She hasr she'sI hadtI dShe will t she'llHe is t he'sShe isT she'sThere is t there'sIt is t it'There areTthere'reYou haver you've They have r they'veYou will r you'llWe shall/will r we 'They will r they 'lI havet I 'eWe haver we'veI shall/will t I llWho would twho'dI