中西文化差angnew

1、镇 江 高 等 职 业 技 术 学 校毕 业 设 计 （论 文）英汉互译中存在的中西文化差异Translation of the cultural differences betweenChina and Western countries系 名： 商贸系 专 业 班 级 ： 0710 学 生 姓 名： 王佳倩 学 号： 72810129 指导教师姓名： 张菊琴 指导教师职称： 助教 2011年4月20日2英汉互译中存在的中西文化差异专业班级：商务英语 0710 学生姓名： 王佳倩指导教师：张菊琴 职称：助教【摘要】 英汉互译是跨文化的交际行为，英汉互译的目的和特点是语言文化的交流。熟悉两种文

2、化和掌握两种语言同样重要。因此，文章着重从价值观念、思维习惯与语言习惯、宗教信仰、日常生活与社会习俗和地理环境与物质生产方式等几个方面讨论中西文化的差异，将英汉两种语言受文化差异影响而产生的不同表达方式进行比较，进而指出如何在翻译中进行合理恰当的文化转换，完成翻译的文化交流之使命。关键词： 英汉互译； 中西文化； 价值观念； 宗教信仰； 习俗；地理环境Translation of the cultural differences betweenChina and Western countries Abstract translation is a cross-cultural communi

3、cation, translation purpose and is characterized in linguistic and cultural exchanges. Be familiar with the two kind of culture and master two languages equally important. Therefore, this paper focuses on the value concept, thinking habits and language habits, religious beliefs, daily life and socia

4、l customs and geographical environment and the mode of material production and so on several aspects to discuss the differences between Chinese and Western culture, the cultural differences between the two languages by the effects of different ways of expression were compared, and then points out th

5、at how to reasonably in translation the proper culture conversion, complete translation of the cultural mission. Key words translation; culture; values; religion; custom; geographical environmentAcknowledgementsAfter nearly two months of the time finally this thesis writing, the writing process has

6、encountered numerous difficulties and obstacles, in schoolmate and teacher's help have. Especially want to thanks for my thesis advisor, miss zhang , she gave me a selfless guidance and help, not to mind taking the trouble to help carry out the thesis modification and improvement. Here to help a

7、nd guide me to the teacher said the center thanks! Thanks for this article relates to the scholars. This paper quoted the digital research literature, if not all scholars research results help and inspiration, I will be very difficult to accomplish this thesis writing. Thank my friends and classmate

8、s, in my writing process gives me a lot of you ask material, still writing and typesetting lamp process to provide warm help. Because of my academic level is limited, the writing is inadequate, please every teacher and schoolmate criticism!Contents中文摘要 .IAbstract.IIAcknowledgementsIIIContents.IVIntr

9、oduction.11. The East-West differences in values.21.1The differences between Chinese and Western culture is one of the different time orientation.21.2 The differences between Chinese and Western culture are two in the cultural personality.31.3The East-West culture values of the maximum difference in

10、 performance or appellation terms. .32 Color emotion of the cultural differences in Translation.52.1 Chinese and English on the basic color classification.52.2 In the English language, English and Chinese color words sometimes quite, is sometimesserved. .53 Differences in religious beliefs.64 Daily

11、life and social custom differences.75 Regional politics and local customs and practices of the differences on Translation.76Conclusion.8Translation of the cultural differences betweenChina and Western countriesIntroductionThe so-called culture, refers to a community with distinctive beliefs, habits,

12、 system, target and design of total model. It consists of all the shared products of human society. Culture is a community shared by the members of the social acquisition of a unified whole, refers to the social members decide and restrict the every aspect of human life, so the culture not only incl

13、udes the historical background, geographical environment, customs and habits, political, economic, legal, religious beliefs, values, norms, also includes language. Cultural symbolic, and language is the most important symbol of system culture, language and culture in a very special part, is the base

14、 of entire culture. Ancient Chinese literature search Master Mr. Qian Muwei pointed out : Chinese and Western culture are two fundamentally different types of culture, which belongs to the parallel development, do not conflict, have their own characters, features two major cultural systems. Culture

15、and communication are accomplished through language exchange. Translation is a kind of language and culture into another language and culture process, that is to say any translation is inseparable from the culture, language and translation is essentially a cultural translation. The famous American t

16、ranslation theorist Eugene Nida: translation means" in target language from semantics to stylistics intermediate the closest natural equivalence of reproducing information." Nida's definition reflected him in semantic and stylistic two levels to promote equivalence translation views, b

17、ut did not mention of cultural reproduction. So, to improve the translation, must pay attention to two kinds of language and cultural background knowledge. In translation, the translator of a paragraph of text understanding correctly or not, depends in large part on his to the departments of cultura

18、l understanding. If he does not have two kinds of cultural contrastive knowledge, not to mention the two kinds of language understanding and expression. In Chinese-English translation, need to know a lot of Chinese culture and Western culture, especially the differences between two cultures, because

19、 these differences bring us difficult to translate, for two kinds of understanding of cultural differences of marks the equivalence equivalent translation of. Therefore, the translator should not only master the target language and the source language, but also understand the culture behind the lang

20、uage and study many, be familiar with the differences between Chinese and Western culture, the correct translation under the guidance of the concept of cultural differences, reasonable cultural transformation. The author drafts from the value concept, thinking habits and language habits, religious b

21、eliefs, daily life and social customs and geographical environment and the mode of material production to explore the aspects of the cultural differences in translation.1 The East-West differences in values1.1 The differences between Chinese and Western culture is one of the different time orientati

22、onValues as the composition of culture the profound factors of social culture, is a part of social culture, it is in people's minds, the result of the accumulation of long-term infiltration, is the cornerstone of national character. The differences between Chinese and Western culture is one of t

23、he different time orientation. Chinese in terms of time taken past orientation, in the past I come very naturally to give Chinese for a long history and splendid culture value. In the Chinese culture in the elderly is wisdom and a symbol of authority. In contrast to. Westerners at the time of future

24、 orientation, and respect the youth is the western culture in the first level value. Different geographical environment, historical tradition, social background, religious belief and moral concepts created in Chinese culture and the values of different.1.2 The differences between Chinese and Western

25、 culture are two in the cultural personalityOn the cultural personality, Oriental people advocate group values, while the Westerners worship individual value; Oriental people pay attention to the social ethics, the Westerners pay attention to individual morality; Oriental introverted, expression of

26、implicit emotion expression, while Westerners extroverted, frank; Asians with image, comprehensive thinking way of looking at things, the Westerners to abstract thinking, analysis way of looking at things. These differences in the language are the embodiment, translation should pay special attention

27、 to, so as to avoid the mistakes in communication.1.3 The East-West culture values of the maximum difference in performance or appellation terms.The first is outside of the parents relatives appellation. In English, grandfather, grandmother, uncle, aunt, cousin and nephew words were relatives of the

28、 elders, peers and the younger generation; while the Chinese up to dozens of species, to whether the consanguinity, affinity, and regardless of whether hall table, various relations with titles all clearly. This complex appellation system strictly divided into family in the pecking order, while Engl

29、ish people call them by their names, here is absolutely unbelievable. In addition, the Millennium Chinese Confucian culture, since ancient times to" a state of ceremonies" is celebrated at the world, respect and modest use in China are also common, refer to themselves as" I", ref

30、er to each other as" Your Excellency" said his son as " my son", said the others for" your son" said his wife;" my wife", refer to each other as" madam" one's opinion is" on"," opinion", another is "good". Treat humi

31、lity, Chinese and English people reaction is distinct. British and American people to others praise often embrace, say Thank you; and the Chinese are not so straightforward, used" flattered, thank you"," where, where " a kind of language to express their attitude of modesty, such

32、 value standard is different, it is easy to cause misunderstanding, that will be jokes. There is a joke, a woman meets with foreign friends, requirements for the translation should be strictly according to the meaning of her turn, no aliasing. I met her, immediately bootlick : " You are very be

33、autiful." in translation, lady be wild with joy, mouth have the humility:" where, where". Translation not neglect, the lady 's words translated into English:" Where? Where?" The foreigner Leng, such people, ask where beautiful, simply film exactly: " Everywhere, eve

34、rywhere." translated:" you are very beautiful." She was more happy, but always be polite about it:" not, not necessarily". Translated into English:" translation to You are not allowed to see, you are not allowed to see." in fact, whether Eastern or western, everybo

35、dy commended as to their encouragement, approval, approval, but the expression on the praise in different ways, Westerners used to praise them for thanks China people will have to show modesty. In translation it is necessary to understand the difference, language, and even to meet the other language

36、 habits, even if the meaning has changed or not to hesitate to. To avoid misunderstanding, or even embarrassing situation.2 Color emotion of the cultural differences in Translation2.1 Chinese and English on the basic color classificationEnglish and Chinese basic color classification difference. In C

37、hinese there are red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple, English has red, white, black, green, a variety of colors for different ethnic groups, in the visual and psychological associations and meanings are not the same, the translator should pay special attention to the difference.2.2 In the

38、 English language, English and Chinese color words sometimes quite, is sometimes served.In the English language, red red sometimes can be completely correspond, sometimes be quite different: such as: red flag red flag brown sugar black tea brown sugar, tea, etc. Green in English can be said" je

39、alousy, envy, such as," green with envy means" very jealous .". Chinese said very jealous" jealous", should be translated as green-eyed but not to red-eyed. Because the dollar is green, so green in the United States also refers to" money, money, have the economic streng

40、th.". Yellow yellow on the implications of differences in English and Chinese language. In English, yellow can express" timid, cowardly" meaning, for example: a yellow dog contemptible person, ayellow livered coward. Chinese yellow a symbol of vulgar, pornographic and vulgar meaning,

41、such as yellow, yellow books and movies. These in the name of" yellow" and "the word" yellow". To represent the Chinese meaning of word is: pornographic vulgar vulgar pornography, etc. However, in another English word blue is the color used to represent the kind of meaning i

42、n chinese. Such as: blue jokes dirty jokes, bluefilms yellow film. Blue blue in Chinese in extended meaning less, while in English, blue is a meaning very rich color words. English is used to the blue of one's" down"," a depressed mood". Sometimes also used to refer to the ye

43、llow, dirty meaning. Such as: Blue talk indecent remarks, blue video yellow video. White white in the English language have the meaning of purity and innocence, but there are some differences in meaning. Such as: Chinese culture, white and buried things associated with, such as: "weddings and f

44、unerals, " in the " white" refers to the burial. But in English culture, said white happiness and pure. Black black in the two languages of English and Chinese culture related meaning roughly the same. For example, black is the colour of mourning. In the translation, translators choos

45、e words to express sorrow. Black in English is also a symbol of anger and resentment, such as: black in the face face. In short, the color of nature is rich and beautiful, English and Chinese color words are sometimes quite, is sometimes served. In the translation of our time should deliberate caref

46、ully, careful handling.3 Differences in religious beliefsReligious culture is an important part of culture, it refers to the people's religious consciousness, the formation of religious culture, manifests itself in different nationalities in advocating, taboo, cultural differences. Confucianism,

47、 Taoism, Buddhism is China's three largest religion, the three major religions in China people have a far-reaching impact. In Chinese and in English, many idioms reflect the religious belief and the relationship. Buddhism in China has more than one thousand years of history, the Chinese Buddhism

48、 believe that the Buddha controls the world of things. For example," back"," idle time does not burn incense, temporarily.". In many western countries, people of Christian faith, therefore considered the Bible for the Weirenchushi principle, many English Idioms from the bible. Fo

49、r example," sell one ' s birth right for a mess of pottage (" penny wise and pound, forget honour at the prospect of profits ). Therefore in the process of translation, the translator must not be made to the alien culture to the native culture close, must understand the religious and c

50、ultural differences, we can accurately, skillfully in cross cultural communication.4 Daily life and social custom differencesThe Han nationality in the long-term agricultural labor is often the land with cows, because" cattle" in productive labor has become one of the good helper. Chinese

51、for" cow" also had a special feeling. Therefore, Chinese said" he to work like a horse"," he has a strong", while the British people say work like a horse ( work like a horse ), because of their early use of horses for ploughing. As everyone knows, English is a typical

52、sea state, and Han nationality in Asian reproduction of life, the life of people cannot leave land, metaphor money wasted, wasteful, English is spend money like water ( spends money like water ), and Chinese ( spend money like water ). English has many related with ocean analogy, the Yu Tijun are ta

53、ken from the sea, in Chinese there is no identical to the corresponding between the devil and metaphor, the deep sea ( between the devil and the deep sea ). The translation is intended for a dilemma.5 Regional politics and local customs and practices of the differences on TranslationInfluence of lan

54、guage itself is a means of expression, and the expression of thought is also inevitable belonging to some specialized knowledge such as politics, economy, history, geography, society, education, literature and local customs and practices. Two languages because of the different geographical position,

55、 political environment and life experiences, there must be a unique national character, so that the language has a strong national colors. For example: Those were days when the sun never set on the British flag nor rose on many an East End home. Did not understand British geographical knowledge, mos

56、t people will mistranslation" in those days, the sun never in the British flag fall, nor in the Oriental family". In fact, from the geographical point of view, London is divided into western and Eastern, Western called West End, is the rich live in the downtown area; and the eastern, namel

57、y East End, is a poor neighborhood. East End has specific political connotation. So the correct translations for: it is like the British Empire 's golden age, but also the London slums from suffering oppression years thousands of households.Come to have a look" apple" composed of two i

58、dioms" be the apple of someone ' s eye polish the apple," and" the translator according to literal comprehension and reproduction, will enable the reader to sea. Only the deep cultural deposits and customs can know the former source of Old Testament Bible" ' Deut. '" ( Deuteronomy )32chapter tenth section of a section of the. In the west, ancient " apple" compared to the pupil, with the corresponding Chinese translation, should be " a pearl in the palm". While the latter, becaus