(2020年整理)美国概况考试复习资料问题及简答.doc

1、学海无涯1. How many states in the US?50states2. Which is the largest state in the main land?Texas3. Which is the largest state in the whole coun try?Alaska4. The youn gest state of the USHawaii5. How many coloni es? The n ame of three parts.13New En gla ndMiddle Atla ntic StatesSouth Atla ntic States6.

2、Try to describe the location of America.Northern HemisphereNorth pacificGulf of MexicoNorth Atla ntic OceanMexico Can ada7. Three divisio n geographically.Highla ndsPlainMountains8. The backb one of the America. - The highest peak.9"LUQ.側F 7Mtf.胡.tMAnu漲f 1丼j>a 'SrRocky & Mou nt Mitch

3、ell9. The father of the water.Mississippi River10. The great lakesSuperior RiverMichiga n RiverHuron RiverErie RiverOn tario River11. Crater Lake The Deepest12. The highest peak outside AlaskaMount Whitney13. The capital city of America & the famous river in Washington D.CWashington D.C & th

4、e Potomac River14. The largest city in the US & the famous river in New YorkNew York & the Hudson River15. The Melting PotIt is metaphorically used to refer to the United Statesbecauseit is a country of many ethnic groups from different parts of the world, who came to the New World to seek f

5、or freedom in politics or religion. They have been dissipating their different ethic cultures toward some “ standardby”living and working together in the “ meltingpot ”of the United States and gradually forming a new nation.16. The first colonyWhite Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs)17. The first west

6、peopleAnglo Saxon18. The largest ethnic-racial minority groupAfrican-American19. The freedom of black peopleLincoln & Emancipation of Declaration in 186320. Hispanics refer toSpanish21. The ConstitutionWas framed in Philadelphia in 1787 and ratified in 1789.This is the first constitution in the

7、world.22. Check and balanceThe Constitution follows two principles:the federal system &the “ separation of powers. ”Two principles: federal; state principle for localThree divisions:23. The position of PresidentCommandeer-in-chiefHead of stateChief executive24. The power of presidentThe Presiden

8、t has a veto power over bills passed by Congress.The President has the power of appointing as many as thousands of officers.The President has the power to conduct foreign affairs.The President can make executive agreements with other countries without the approval of the Senate.25. The power of cong

9、ressnecesCongress has the power to make any laws that are considered y and proper. ”Congress has the power to impose taxes, decide the expenditures of the government, control trade with foreign nations, and establish and protect a monetary system.Congress has the power to raise and maintain an army

10、and a navy and declare war upon other countries.26. DepartmentsSpeaker of the House of Represe ntative众议院长Preside nt pro tempore of the Sen at参 议院临时主席Secretary of State 国务卿Secretary of the Treasury财政部长Secretary of Defense 国防部长Attorney General 司法部长；最高法院院长Postmaster Gen eral 邮政总长Secretary of the Inter

11、ior 内政部长Secretary of Agriculture 农业部长Secretary of Commerce 商业部长Secretary of Labor 劳工部长27. Five steps of Presidential Election1. Primary (from February to June of the Election Year)This is the election of delegates to the national conventions of the two parties.2. The National Conventions(in July or

12、August)Tasks:To discuss and accept the party platformTo choose the preside ntial and vice preside ntial can didates3. The Election Campaign(from September to November)4. The Election Day(On the first Tuesday after thefirst Mon day in November inan electi on year)5. Casting the Electoral 6te(the firs

13、t Mon day after the sec ond Wedn esdayof December in an electi on year)28. The sig ni fica nee of discovery of new world.Positive effects:Widen people ' s horizonOpened up fresh ground for the rising bourgeoisiePromoted the developme nt of commerce, sea n avigati on and in dustry, and provided t

14、he way for the rapid developme nt of early capitalism Passive effect :After the discovery of the New World, the European powers sent many explorers to the new continents and they began to compete aga inst each other in occupy ing the New World.29. The May Flower CompactMayflower Compact was the plan

15、 of government sighted on the Mayflower by 41 English settlers off Cape Cod, on November 11, 1620, before landing and founding their settlement at Plymouth. The Mayflower Compact was a plan for a democratic society, and was a model for later colonies; its ideas lie behind (为某事的理由)the US Constitution

16、 of 1789.30. The cause of the French In dia n war(1756-1763) Brita in bega n to compete with France over the fur trade in the Ohio ValleyThe result: The Treaty of Paris in 1763 ended the French and IndianWar and forced France to relinquish to Great Britain all her lands extending westward to the Mis

17、sissippi River.31. 1774 - First Continental CongressThe first Continental Congress assembled in Carpenters' Hall, Philadelphia55 representatives from all the colonies except GeorgiaThe motto of the colonies was “ No taxation without representation.32. Shock in Lexiton33. the significance of Inde

18、pendence War: The American revolution wasan event of great historic importance:It gave the colonies their right to national independence and assured US capitalism of a free development.The direct social change brought about by the Revolution was the emancipation of slaves who fought against the Brit

19、ish.It was the first large-scale revolutionary movement of the colonial people against national oppression for political and economic emancipation. Its victory greatly encouraged the people in the Latin American colonies ruled by the Spanish and other colonies in the world.33. The Second Continental

20、 Congress 1775In May, 1775, the Second Continental Congress was held with representatives from all 13 colonies, which lasted throughout the whole war.34. Civil Wari: The Background of Civil War: The Territorial Expansion The Economic Expansion Econo mic An tag onism betwee n the North and the South

21、Disputes over Slaveryii:6 Steps of the Territorial Expansions： the Treaty of Paris The Louisiana Purchase occupied Florida Mexican-US War (1846-1848) Oregon Region from England The US purchased Alaska and Aleutian Islands from Czarist Russia 沙俄）in 1867.iii. Method:purchas ing, war and in vasi oniv.

22、Result: By the mid-19th cen tury, the size of the US was 10 times larger tha n the total area of the origi nal thirtee n states. By the late 19th century, the United States had finished its territorial expansion in the Continent.v. In flue nee: the land expa nsion brought huge disaster to Native Ame

23、rica ns. However, the west territory was developed duri ng this period and the expansion promoted the development of American economy. Otherwise, the con tradicti on would be more in cisive betwee n the North and South.35. the Civil War1. The causes of the War:In the preside ntial electi on of 1860,

24、 the Republica n Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaig ned aga inst the expa nsion of slavery bey ond the states in which it already existed.The Origi n of SlaveryCon flicts Arisi ng from Slavery2. An ti-Slavery Moveme nt3. Process of the Civil War:The War broke out on April 12, 1861 and en ded

25、 on April 9, 1865. the battle of Bull RunThe Union was beate n. the battle of Chancellorsvillethe Un io n forces suffered a severe defeat. the battle of GettysburgThe Union forces won a great victory at Gettysburg and this greatly en couraged the Union army. the battle of MississippiThe Un io n forc

26、es won an almost unin terrupted series of victories.4. Con seque nces of the WarSignificance of Civil War:? To preserve the Union? To solve the agrarian problem? To destroyed the feudal slavery-plantation system? To develop American capitalism at a higher speed after the war? To be called the Second

27、 American Bourgeois Revolution? Not to emancipate the Negroes completely 35. Spanish America WarResult: occupied the colony of Spain Cuba belong to USSignificance: new stage Modern36. Roosevelt New Deal Destroy agriculture Launch public37. The definition of Ivy League8 private universities38. Which is the capital city of Canada? Ottawa39. Which is the biggest city of Canada? Toronto40. How many provinces in Canada?10 and 3 territories Yukon Territory Northwest Territory Nun avut British Columbia Alberta Saskatchewa n Man itoba On