2018.12的第三套六级题的阅读部分

1、Childre n with atte nti on problems in early childhood were 40% less likely to graduate from high school, says a new study from Duke Uni versity.The study in cluded 386 kin dergarte ners from schools in the Fast Track Project, a multi-site cli nical trial in the U.S. that in 1991 bega n track ing ho

2、w childre n developed across their lives.With this study, researchers exam ined early academic atte nti on and socio-emotionalskills and how each contributedto academic success into youngadulthood.They found that early attention skills were the most consistentpredictorof academic success, and that l

3、ikability by peers also had a modest effect on academic performa nee.By fifth grade, childre n with early atte nti on difficulties had lower grades and readi ng achieveme nt scores tha n their peers. As fifth-graders, childre n with early atte ntio n problems obta ined average read ing scores at lea

4、st 3% lower tha n their con temporaries' and grades at least 8% lower tha nthose of their peers. This was aftercontrollingfor IQ, socio-economicstatusand academic skills at school en try.Although these may n ot seem like large effects, the impact of early atte nti on problems continued throughou

5、t the childre n's academic careers.Lower readi ng achieveme nt scores and grades in fifth grade con tributed to reduced grades in middle school and thereby con tributed to a 40% lower high school graduati on rate.The childre n we ide ntified as havi ng atte nti on difficulties were not diag no s

6、ed with atte nti on deficit hyperactivity disorder(注意力缺乏多动症)(ADHD ) , although some may have had the disorder. Our findings suggest that even more modest atte nti on dea n of Duke's Trinity College of Arts & Scien ces, whoseresearch has focused on ADHDand interventionsto improve academic per

7、formaneein childre n with atte nti on difficulties.Social accepta nee by peers in early childhood also predicted grades in fifth grade. Childre n not as liked by their first-grade peers had slightly lower grades in fifth grade, while those with higher social accepta nee had higher grades.This study

8、shows the importa nee of so-callednon-cog nitive ' or softskills in con tribut ing to childre n's positive peer relati on ships, which, inturn, con tribute to their academic success,” said Kenn eth Dodge, directorof the Duke Ce nter for Child and Family Policy.The results highlight the n eed

9、 to develop effective early in terve nti ons to help those with atte nti on problems stay on track academically and for educators to en courage positive peer relati on ships, the researchers said.Were lear ning that stude nt success requires a more comprehe nsive approach, one that in corporates not

10、 only academic skills but also social, self-regulatory and atte nti on skills,” Dodge said.“f we n eglect any ofthese areas, the child's developme nt lags. If we atte nd to these areas, achild 's success may reinforce itself with positive feedback loops.”46. What is the focus of the new stud

11、y from Duke University?A) The con tributors to childre nB) The predictors of childre nC) The factors that affect childrenD) The determi nants of childre n'early atte ntio n.'academic success.'emoti onal well-bei ng.'developme nt of social skills.47. How did the researchers ensure tha

12、t their findings are valid?A) By attach ing equal importa nee to all possible variables exam in ed.B) By collect ing as many typical samples as were n ecessary.C) By preve nti ng them from being affected by factors n ot un der study.D) By focus ing on the family backgro und of the childre n being st

13、udied.48. What do we learn from the findings of the Duke study?A) Modest stude nts are gen erally more atte ntive tha n their con temporaries.B) There are more childre n with atte nti on difficulties tha n previouslythought.C) Atte nti on deficit hyperactivity disorder acco unts for most academicfai

14、lures.D) Children' academic performanee may suffer from even slight inattention.49. What does the Duke study find about children better accepted by peers?A) They do better academically.B)They are easy to get on with.C)They are teachers ' favorites.D)They care less about grades.50. What can w

15、e con clude from the Duke study?A) Childre n's success is related to their lear ning environment.B) School curriculum should cover a greater variety of subjects.C) Social skills are playi ng a key role in childre n's developme nt.D) An all-r ound approach should be adopted in school educati

16、on.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passageOn Jan.9,2007, Steve Jobs formally announced Apple 'revolutionarymobile phone ”一 a device that combined the functionality of an iPod, phone and Internet com muni catio n into a sin gle un it, n avigated by touch.It was a huge mil

17、est one in the developme nt of smartph on es, which are nowowned by a majority of America n adults and are in creas in glycom mon across theglobe.As smartpho nes have multiplied, so have questi ons about their impact onhow we live and how we work. Often the advantages of convenient,mobiletech no log

18、y are both obvious and take n for gran ted, leavi ng more subtletopicsfor concerned discussi on: Are smartph ones disturb ing childre n' sleep? Is anin ability to get away from work havi ng a n egative impact on health? And what are the implicatio ns for privacy?But today, on the 10th anni versa

19、ry of the iPh on e, let' take a mome nt tocon sider a less obvious adva ntage: the pote ntial for smartph one tech no logy to revoluti onize behavioral scie nee. That' because, for the first time inwithandhuma n history, a large proport ion of the species is in continu ous con tact tech no l

20、ogy that can record key features of an in dividual ' behavior en viro nment.Researchers have already begu n to use smartph ones in social scie ntific research, either to query people regularly as they engage in their normal lives or to record activity using the device' built-i n sen sors. Th

21、ese studies areconfirming,challengingand extending what ' been found using more traditionalapproaches, in which people report how they behaved in real life or participate in relatively short and artificial laboratory-based tasks.Such studies are just first steps. As more data are collected and m

22、ethodsfor an alysis improve, researchers will be in a better positi on to ide ntifyhow differe nt experie nces, behaviors and en vir onments relate to each otherand evolve over time, withthe potentialto improve people ' productivityandwellbeing in a variety the right comb in ati on unique charac

23、teristicspatter ns,ide ntifythat couldsuch as an unu sual in crease inof domains. Beyond revealingpopulation-wideof data and analysiscan also help individualsof their own behavior,includingconditionsin dicate the n eed for some form of in terve nti on behaviors that sig nal a period of depressi on.S

24、martph on e-baseddata collect ion comes at an appropriate time in theevolutionof psychologicalscienee.Today, the field is in transition,movingaway from a focus on laboratory studies withundergraduateparticipantstowards more complex, real-world situati ons studied with more diverse groups of people.S

25、martphonesoffer new tools for achieving these ambitions,providi ng rich data about everyday behaviors in a variety of con texts.So here ' another way in which smartphones might transformthe way we liveand work: by offeri ng in sights into huma n psychology and behavior and, thus, support ing sma

26、rter social scie nee.51. What does the author say about the n egative impact of smartph on es?A) lt has bee n overshadowed by the positive impact.B) It has more ofte n tha n not bee n take n for gran ted.C) lt is not so obvious but has caused some concern.D) lt is subtle but should by no means be overstated.52. What is con sidered a less obvious adva ntage of smartph one tech no logy?A) lt systematically records real huma n in teract ions.B) lt helps people ben efit from tech no logical adva nces.C) lt brings people into closer con tact with each