外研英语选修六Module_3-Grammar教案

1、 外研版选修六模块三语法 period 2 第 10 页 共4页 module 3 interpersonal relationship friendshipsubject：type of lesson: time：teacher：class：date：i. teaching content 1. adverbial clauses: having done2. verbs followed by ing or the infinitive with toii. teaching objectives1. to help students master adverbial clauses wi

2、th having done2. to enable ss to use the knowledge of this grammar correctly and properly.3. stimulate students interest in learning grammar.4. develop students sense of group cooperation and teamwork.iii. teaching key points and difficult points 1. to get the ss to master the structure and usages o

3、f the grammar2. to enable ss to use the knowledge of this grammar correctly and properly.3. to deal with questions of nonfinite verbs correctly.iv. teaching knowledge 不定式、分词作状语用法要点一、不定式作状语he sat down to have a rest. (表目的) they went there to visit their teacher.（表目的）he woke up only / just to find eve

4、rybody gone.（表示结果） my grandmother lived to see the liberation of china.（表示结果）在某些形容词作表语，表示喜、怒、衷、乐后跟不定式表示原因。如：i am very glad to see you. 我非常高兴地见到你。 i am so sorry to hear your mother is ill. 听到你母亲生病真遗憾。在带有enough 或too的句子里，也常用不定式作状语，表示程度。如：he was too excited not to say a few words. 他太激动了，不会不讲几句话的。he is o

5、ld enough to go to school. 他到上学年龄了。 she is too tired to do the job. 她太累而不能做那件工作了。注意：强调动词不定式所表示的目的时，动词不定式可用in order to 或so as to + 动词原形。so as to 不用于句首。he got up early in order to catch the first bus. 他早起为了赶上第一班车。the bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。 to look at him, you would like

6、him. (表条件)to tell you the truth, i have got no money about me. to be honest, i know nothing about it. (修饰全句，独立成分)二、分词作状语1分词作状语形式的选择形式意义v + ing (doing)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与句中谓语动词同时发生，或基本上同时发生。having + v + ed(having done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动词发生。v + ed (done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。being + v + ed(being done)与句中主语

7、构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，一般作原因状语置于句首。having been + v +ed(having been done)与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动词发生。2分词作状语的基本原则分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则不能使用分词作状语。3分词作状语的句法功能分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连词while 或when 引出。如：hearing the news, they got excited. (时间)b

8、e careful while / when crossing the street. (时间)having been bitten by a snake, she was frightened at it. (原因)given a chance, i can surprise the world. (条件)the cup dropped to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. (让步)the teacher came in

9、to the lab, followed by some students. (伴随状况)4独立成分作状语有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：generally speaking 一般说来frankly speaking 坦白地说judging from 根据来判断considering 考虑到to tell you the truth 说实话不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。decide / determine, learn, want, expect /

10、 hope / wish, refuse, manage, care, pretend, offer, promise, choose, plan, agree, ask / beg, help 此外，afford, strive 等也要用不定式作宾语。例如： she pretended not to see me when i passed by. we agreed to meet here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. in order to gain a bigger share in the international market, man

11、y state run companies are striving to make their products more competitive. 二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下列小诗：考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成停欣赏，不禁介意准逃亡。consider / suggest / advise, look forward to, excuse, pardon, admit, delay/ put off, fancy, avoid, miss, keep / keep on, practice, deny, finish, enjoy / appreci

12、ate, cant help, mind, allow / permit, escape, imagine, forbid, risk 此外be used to, look forward to, lead to, devote to, stick to, object to, get down to, pay attention to, cant stand (无法忍受), give up, feel like, insist on, put off, thank you for, apologize for, be busy (in), have difficulty / trouble

13、(in), have a good / wonderful /hard time (in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。 the squirrels was lucky that if just missed being caught. i can hardly imagine peter sailing across the atlantic ocena in five days. i would appreciate your calling back this afternoon. 三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。1. forge

14、t to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记已经做过某事remember to do sth. 记住去做某事 remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事regret to do sth. 后悔/遗憾去做某事 regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop doing sth. 停止做一件事情try to do sth. 努力/试图做某事 try doing sth. 尝试着做某事mean to do sth. 意欲/想/企图做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事go o

15、n to do sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 go on doing sth.继续做同一件事(=go on with sth.)cant help to do sth. 不能帮助做某事 cant help doing sth. 情不自禁地做某事 例如： she reached the top of the hill and stopped to rest on a big rock by the side of the path. the light in the office is still on. oh, i forgot to turn it off. i usually go

16、 there by train. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m why not try going by boat for a change? you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. well, now i regret having done that. 2动词like, love, prefer 后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。如表示经常性的行为可用动名词，如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。但要注意：如果like, love, prefer 前有would /should 后面则应接动词不定式。如：i lik

17、e swimming, but i dont like to swim this afternoon. id like to go swimming this weekend. 3在动词allow, advise, forbid, permit 后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。即：allow / advise /forbid / permit doing sth. allow / advise /forbid / permit sb. to do sth. 如：we dont allow smoking here. we dont allow

18、 students to smoke. 4动词need, require, want 作“需要”解时，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。此外，若动词need 表“需要”，require 表“要求”，want 表“想要”这些意义时，其后须接名词或代词作宾语，然后接不定式作宾语补足语。即：need / require / want doing / to be done need / require / want sb. to do sth. be worth + n. (表示钱

19、数或相当于钱数的名词) be worth doing be worthy of being done be worthy of + n. 值得 be worthy to be done 如：the window needs / requires / wants cleaning. the window needs / requires / wants to be cleaned. 窗户需要擦一下。the place is worth visiting. the place is worthy of a visit. the place is worthy of being visited. t

20、he place is worthy to be visited. 那个地方值得一去。如： only one of these books is worth reading. what do you think of the book ? oh, excellent, its worth reading a second time. 四、动词不定式作动词tell, show, understand, explain, teach, learn, advise, discuss, ask, decide, wonder, find out 等词的宾语时，前面常带wh 引导词。即how, what

21、, whether, where, when, who 等 + to do。但why + 不带to 的不定式。注意此用法的不定式的逻辑主语需与主句的主语或宾语保持一致，否则用宾语从句。例如：he showed us how to do the work. (= he showed us how we should do the work.)i dont know what to do. (= i dont know what ill do.)can you tell me why do it?五、动词不定式在介词but, other than 后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那

22、么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。另外在cant choose but, cant help but, cant but 后面的不定式也要省略to。如：we could do nothing but / other than wait. we had nothing to do but / other than wait. we have no choice but to wait. i cant choose but laugh. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 非谓语动词解题思路非谓语动词是高中语法的重点，也是难点，学生常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式

23、的特点，做起题来会很轻松。我们先来看看非谓语动词的各种变化形式。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。一、分析句子结构1. _many times , but he still couldn't understand it .2. _many times, he still couldn't understand it.a. having been told b. told c. he was told d. though he had been told3. _to the left, you'll find the post office. 4. if y

24、ou _to the left, you'll find the post office.5. _to the left , and you'll find the post office . a. turning b. to turn c. turn d. turned分析：句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子，因此，前面也是个独立句子成分，故选c。句2. 句中用逗号隔开，且无连词引导，因此，前面不是句子结构，只是句子的一个成分，故选a，用非谓语动词作状语。句3. 同句2，选a 。句4. 前面用if 引导从句，故选c ，构成从句谓语。句5. 同句1，选c。二、分析逻辑主语确定要

25、选非谓语动词之后，第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致，则须加上自己的逻辑主语。1. _no buses, we have to walk home.a. there being b. it were c. there were d. it being 2. _sunday i shall have a quiet day at home .分析：句1. 表示“没有公共汽车”，应用“there be”结构，即逻辑主语是“there”，故选a 。句2. 同理选d。三、分析语态分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。1. _from space , the earth looks blue .2._from space , we can see the earth is blue . a. seen b. seeing c. to see d. see这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。分析：句1. “地球”被“看起来”，表被动，故选a，用过去分词表被动。句2. 我们“主动看”即表主动，故选b。3. the dirty clothes _ , the gir