高级水文地质学Ch1

1、Ch 1. 水动力弥散的基本概念 2hCh 2. 水动力弥散方程 2h Ch 3. 水动力弥散系数 2h 中文书籍（参见课本）。中文书籍（参见课本）。English books: J. Bear, Dynamics of fluids in porous media. D. K. Todd，Groundwater Hydrology. C. W. Fetter, Applied Hydrogeology. de Marsily, Quantitative Hydrogeology, 1986 R. Bird, W.E. Stewart & E.N. Lightfoot, Transpo

2、rt Phenomena1. 不混溶流体、可混溶流体2. 示踪剂 (Tracer)3. 水动力弥散现象4. 水动力弥散机理5. 研究水动力弥散的意义1) 不混溶流体、突变界面、毛细压力、多相流2) 可混溶流体（溶液）、无突变界面3) 驱替 （驱赶并代替，displacement）4) 水动力弥散：可混溶流体的驱替 Activities of 226Ra (d.p.m. per 100L) measured in surface waters of the South Atlantic Bight from 8 to 11 July 1994. d.p.m.: decays per minute

3、 (每分钟衰变次数每分钟衰变次数)环境同位素环境同位素应用举例：应用举例：W. S. Moore,1996, Nature,380(18),212-214. SeaLand图图(c)的的观测断观测断面面图图(b)的的观测断观测断面面雷诺雷诺 (Reynolds) 试验（层流）试验（层流）雷诺雷诺 (Reynolds) 试验（紊流）试验（紊流） 不混溶流体、可混溶流体不混溶流体、可混溶流体 示踪剂示踪剂 (Tracer) 水动力弥散现象水动力弥散现象 指状分支流指状分支流宏观均质微观非均质Two-dimensional transparent Hele-Shaw cells: 160 60 0.

4、3 cm3-layer system: Fine sand on top, Homogeneous coarse sand in the middle, Inhomogeneous sand at the bottom. Infiltration flow rate on top: Close to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the top sand After http:/www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/institut/forschung/groups/ts/VDD*D *: molecular diffusion

5、coefficient : tortuosity of porous media : dynamic dispersivityV : mean flow velocity zyxtzyxzyxVtzyxzyxVdd)d;,(),(1);,(),(00uu 不混溶流体、可混溶流体不混溶流体、可混溶流体 示踪剂示踪剂 (Tracer) 水动力弥散现象水动力弥散现象 指状分支流指状分支流Two-dimensional transparent Hele-Shaw cells: 160 60 0.3 cm3-layer system: Fine sand on top, Homogeneous coar

6、se sand in the middle, Inhomogeneous sand at the bottom. Infiltration flow rate on top: Close to the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the top sand After http:/www.iup.uni-heidelberg.de/institut/forschung/groups/ts/Some important processes affecting the fate of LNAPL:advection, dispersion, dissolution, biodegradationLNAPL: light nonaqueous phase liquidDNAPL: dense nonaqueous phase liquidRhc1Capillary tuberrrhc 111*In the soilA measure of soils