英语句子成分[中小学校]

1、1教育类BcontentCONTENTS句子成分就是一个句子的各个组成部分。如果把一个句子看成是一棵树， 那么一颗树的组成部分有树干、树枝、树叶；而一个句子的组成部分就有主语、谓语、宾语等。英语中的句子成分主要有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语定语、状语、补语、同位语2教育类B一、主语（一、主语（subject）：）：句子说明的人或事物。主句子说明的人或事物。主语一般位于语一般位于_ 。主语的主要类型包括：名词、代词、数词、名词化主语的主要类型包括：名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词或的形容词或-ed-ed分词、不定式、分词、不定式、-ing-ing分词

2、和分词和( (主语主语) )从句等。从句等。1名词充当主语。名词充当主语。 Young people love pop music Old people prefer classical music句首句首3教育类B2代词充当主语。如：代词充当主语。如： It rains quite often in spring She was in a bad mood3 数词充当主语。如：数词充当主语。如： Two plus two makes four Five will be enough4名词化的形容词或名词化的形容词或-ed分词充当主语。分词充当主语。 如：如： The disabled are

3、 well taken care of4教育类B5不定式充当主语。如：不定式充当主语。如： To study hard is your duty Its not easy to look after a sick old man6-ing分词充当主语。如：分词充当主语。如： Spitting in public is not allowed Being with you is terrific Its no use crying over the spilt milk (形式形式)主语主语 (真正的真正的)主语主语5教育类B7从句充当主语从句充当主语(该从句称作主语从句该从句称作主语从句)。

4、That Miss Gray speaks Chinese surprised us all 关联词主语关联词主语(从句从句) How the Cartoon became an instant hit is a long story 关联词主语关联词主语(从句从句)6教育类B 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English.二、谓语二、谓语二、谓语二、谓语:说明主语说明主语做什么做什么或或怎么样怎么样。通常。通常由由_ 充当充当.动词常分为实义动词动词常分为实义动词,连系动连系动

5、词词,情态动词和助动词情态动词和助动词.动词动词7教育类B情态动词情态动词和和助动词助动词不能单独充当谓语不能单独充当谓语,必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语必须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语.They can speak English well.They are playing over there.8教育类B三、宾语三、宾语 宾语宾语(object)表示动作的承受者，在句中一表示动作的承受者，在句中一般放在及物动词之后。般放在及物动词之后。 宾语的主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不宾语的主要类型：名词、代词、副词、不定式、定式、-ing分词、从句等。分词、从句等。(能做主语的词能做主语的词)

6、 1名词充当宾语。如：名词充当宾语。如： Dry wood catches fire easily General questions cant puzzle the clever boy 2代词充当宾语。如：代词充当宾语。如： We can invite them to our party If you dont know the way，ask her9教育类B 3副词充当宾语。如：副词充当宾语。如： The athletes left there just now4不定式充当宾语。如：不定式充当宾语。如： Remember to bring your cell phone5-ing分词充

7、当宾语。如：分词充当宾语。如： You wont forget attending his farewell concert They stopped smoking at last 10教育类B6从句充当宾语。如：从句充当宾语。如： Do you know how serious the situation is ? I dont understand what you mean 11教育类B双宾语双宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语有些及物动词可以有两个宾语: 直接宾语直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语和间接宾语(Indirect Object), 称为双宾语称为双宾语.这两个宾

8、语往往这两个宾语往往一个指人一个指人(一般为一般为间接宾语间接宾语), 另另一个指物一个指物(一般为直接宾语一般为直接宾语). 间间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前. He gave me a book. 间接宾语间接宾语直接宾语直接宾语12教育类B有时为了强调间接宾语有时为了强调间接宾语, 也可将间接宾也可将间接宾语后置语后置, 并在其前加上介词并在其前加上介词to或或for. He gave a book to me. He bought this book for me.注意注意: 如果直接宾语是人称代词如果直接宾语是人称代词, 则间则间接宾语必须后置接宾语必须后置,

9、 并在其前加上介词并在其前加上介词to或或for. Heres your report. Dont forget to show it to your parents.13教育类B14教育类B系动词Add your title表示状态表示状态Add your titleAdd your titleAdd your title感官系动词感官系动词变得变得一直保持一直保持看起来，似乎看起来，似乎seem， appear15教育类Ba.名词名词 His father is a teacher.b. 代词代词 This book is mine.c. 形容词或分词短语形容词或分词短语 The leav

10、es turn yellow in autumn. The teacher was satisfied with your work. The story is very interesting.16教育类Bd. 数词数词 One plus one is two.e. 动词不定式或动名词短语动词不定式或动名词短语 My job is looking after her. What we want to do now is (to) lie down and rest.17教育类Bf. 副词或介词短语副词或介词短语 Sorry, my father isnt in. Tom is in Shan

11、ghai now.g. 从句从句 The question is why we should put off the meeting.18教育类B定语：修饰主语、宾语和表语定语：修饰主语、宾语和表语在翻译时往往译为 “的”后置定语后置定语前置定语前置定语19教育类Ba.形容词形容词 Newton is a famous scientist.b. 名词名词 Lets listen to the weather forecast first.20教育类Bc. 动名词动名词 Our school is going to build a swimming pool.d. 分词短语或动词不定式短语分词短

12、语或动词不定式短语 She is reading an interesting book. I have no pen to write with.21教育类Be. 介词短语或副词介词短语或副词 I havent got the solution to the problem. I used to live in the room above.f. 从句从句 The man who is coming toward us is my English teacher.22教育类B23教育类Ba.副词副词 Who can write beautifully?b. 介词短语介词短语 Were goi

13、ng to spend the holiday at the seaside.c. 分词短语分词短语 Not knowing what to do, I decided to give up.24教育类Bd. 动词不定式短语动词不定式短语 His mother often comes to see him.e. 名词名词 Please come this way.f. 从句从句 As soon as the teacher came in, all the students stood up.25教育类B复合结构：宾语宾补复合结构：宾语宾补nadjadv.介词短语分词短语与动词不定式26教育类

14、BI consider your brother a clever boy.I found the classroom empty.I saw him enter the room.I believe him to be honest.I heard the boy crying.He left the girl in the room.27教育类B八、八、 同位语同位语 在一个句子中在一个句子中, 一个名词或一个名词或代词代词, 或相当于名词的短语或或相当于名词的短语或从句从句, 放在另一个名词或代词放在另一个名词或代词之后之后, 用以说明它的性质或情用以说明它的性质或情况况, 被称为同位语

15、被称为同位语(Appositive). 可作可作同位语的通常有同位语的通常有:28教育类Ba.名词名词 This is my best friend, Tom.b. 代词代词 We all got a surprise.c. 数词数词 This prize is for you two.d. 从句从句 I had no idea that you were here.29教育类B 就是一个最简单的句子构就是一个最简单的句子构成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一棵树的树成，被看作是句子的主干。也就相当于一棵树的树干部分。并由此构成了英语的五种基本结构干部分。并由此构成了英语的五种基本结构1.S+

16、V 主语谓语主语谓语2.S+V+P 主语系动词表语主语系动词表语3.S+V+O 主语谓语宾语主语谓语宾语4.S+V+o+O 主语谓语双宾语主语谓语双宾语5.S+V+O+C 主语谓语宾语宾补主语谓语宾语宾补30教育类Bcontent1. S+V 主谓（不及物动词）英语五种基本句型英语五种基本句型The sun was shinning.The moon rose.We all breathe, eat and drink.Lucy gets up early every morning.He had slept for a long time when I came in.His parents

17、 have worked in the factory for more than 10 years.31教育类Bcontent2. S+V+P 主系表英语五种基本句型This is an English dictionary.The dinner smells good.He fell asleep.His face turned red.The well has gone dry.He is growing tall and strong.32教育类Bcontent3. S+V+O 主谓宾英语五种基本句型Who knows the answer?He enjoys reading.He has refused to help them.He admits that he was wrong.33教育类Bcontent4. S+V+ o + O 主谓间宾直宾英语五种基本句型He brought you a