(新课标)2014高三英语总复习语法专项突破七情态动词北师大版

1、语法专项语法专项(七七)情态动词情态动词表1 常见的情态动词的基本用法You can have my seat. Im going now.表示请求和允许表示请求，口语中常用could代替canEven an experienced teacher can make mistakes.表示理论上的可能性，“有时候可能会”He can play table tennis quite well.表示能力can / could典句例示主要用法情态动词can / could表示惊讶、怀疑、不相信(主要用于否定句、疑问句和感叹句)表推测，译为“可能”Can what he said just now b

2、e true?He cant come now. Its raining so hard.may / might表示允许、许可May I use your mobile phone?在表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉She asked if she might open the window.表示可能性的推测，含有“或许；可能”之意，用might代替may时，语气显得更加不肯定Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.may用于祈使句中表示祝愿，句式须用倒装May you ret

3、urn safe and sound.must表示“必须；应该”You must see the doctor.表示有把握的推测，一般用于肯定句She must be watching TV now.表示“偏要；硬要”做某事If you must smoke, please go out.have to表示“必须；不得不”Its getting dark. We have to go home now.shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见Shall we put off the sports meeting until next week?用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示说话

4、人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁；此外，当颁布法律、规定时也用shall You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow. It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.should表示劝告和建议，作“应该”讲He should learn to be more polite.表示推测，译成“按理说；应该”It should be a good movie its reviews were

5、 very good.用在if条件句中，表示可能性很小，但也不是完全不可能If anyone should phone, tell him Im in conference.Why / How+should表示“意外；惊异”Why should I help him? Hes never done anything for me.will / would用于表示意志或意愿He will give his girlfriend anything she wants.表示“请求；建议”。用would比will委婉、客气些Would you like to come to my party?表示习惯

6、：will可表示主语现在的习惯，常译为“总是；习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作时用would She will sit for hours reading in the afternoon. When he was young， he would listen to music alone in his room.表示预料或猜想That will be the postman ringing.表示事物的某种性质或倾向Wood will float on the water.need表示“需要；必要”，用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中 Need we make the test? No， we ne

7、ednt.dare表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。I dare say是习惯说法，意为“我想；大概”How dare you talk like that?ought to表示劝告或建议The dish is delicious. You ought to try some.特别提醒1.表示经过努力而成功地做成某个具体事情时，一般用was / were able to，不用couldThe fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.尽管大火迅速蔓

8、延到了整个宾馆，但是每个人都逃了出去2.can的一些常用固定搭配cannot but do sth./ cannot help but do sth./ cannot choose but do sth.表示“不得不；只好”cannot / can never . enough / too再也不为过3.may的一些常用固定搭配may well+动词原形意为“完全能；很可能”，may as well+动词原形意为“最好；满可以；倒不如”4.must开头的问句，其否定回答用neednt或dont have to代替5.mustnt表示“禁止；不许”表2 表示推测的情态动词用法比较一览表 She c

9、ant be reading in the reading room now. Can / Could this be an excuse for that?可能、能够一般时、进行时、完成时疑问句、否定句can(could)You must be hungry after the long walk.He must be sleeping in the dormitory.一定、肯定一般时、进行时、完成时肯定句must典句例示意义适用时态适用句式情态动词may(might)肯定句、否定句一般时、进行时、完成时也许、可能 He may not be happy. He may be playin

10、g basketball on the playground.should(ought to)肯定句一般时确定或期待，“应该” He should be around sixty years old.(确定) Its nearly seven oclock. Jack should be here at the moment.(期待)will(would)肯定句、否定句、疑问句一般时、进行时、完成时大概 He will have forgotten me. I left him 18 years ago. It would be about ten when he left home.表3 “

11、情态动词+have done”用法Its too late. I think he may have gone to bed.肯定句、否定句表示对过去已发生的行为的推测，意为“也许/或许/已经(没有)”may / mighthave doneHe cannot have forgotten it.否定句、疑问句表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯定can / couldhave doneYou must have gone to bed late last night.Your eyes are red.肯定句表示对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准是/一定做了某事”must have d

12、one对过去的推测典句例示句式主要用法构成类型表示后悔、责备或遗憾could have done表示过去没有实现的可能性，意为“本来可以”肯定句The accident could have been avoided.might have done表示本来应该或可以做某事，含有轻微的责备语气肯定句You might have given him more help，though you were busy.should / ought to have done表示本该做某事而实际上未做肯定句、否定句You are late. You ought to have arrived five min

13、utes earlier.neednt have done表示本来没必要做某事而实际上做了否定句I actually neednt have bought so much wine only three people came.表示后悔、责备或遗憾had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为“当时最好做了某事”肯定句、否定句You had better have started earlier.would rather have done表示“当时宁愿做了某事”肯定句、否定句I would rather have taken his advice.特别提醒di

14、dnt need to do表示过去不必做，也没做某事He was only 5 years old and didnt need to go to school.F高考体验1. (2012陕西)I _ thank you too much for all your help to my son while we were away from home.A. wont B. cantC. canD. will答案 B解析 句意：在我们不在家期间，你对我儿子的帮助我感激不尽。can not或can never与too much连用表示“再也不过分”。故选B项。2. (2012全国)Im goin

15、g to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.A. canB. mightC. wouldD. need答案 A解析 句意:如果我能找到那笔钱,我打算和约翰一起去欧洲度假。can“能够”；might“可能”；would“愿意”；need“需要”。故选A项。3. (2012江苏)Days later, my brother called to say he was all right, but _ say where he was.A. mustntB. shouldntC. wouldntD. mightnt答

16、案 C解析 句意：几天后，我弟弟打电话说他很好，但是就是不说他在哪里。mustnt“禁止;绝对不可”；shouldnt“不应该”；wouldnt“不愿意;不想”；mightnt“可能不;也许不”。4. (2012辽宁)One of our rules is that every student _ wear school uniform while at school.A. mightB. couldC. shallD. will答案 C解析 句意：我们有一项规定,每位学生在校期间都要穿校服。此处shall表示按照法律、条文、规定必须要做的事情。其他选择项均无此用法。5. (2012浙江)I

17、think Tom, as the head of a big department, should either study regularly or _ his job.A. quitsB. to quitC. quittingD. quit答案 D解析 该句中出现了either . or .这个并列结构，either后面是动词原形study,or后面也应该是动词原形quit,故选择D项。6. (2012新课标全国)I _ use a clock to wake me up because at six oclock each morning the train comes by my h

18、ouse.A. couldntB. mustntC. shouldntD. neednt答案 D解析 句意:我没有必要使用闹钟把我叫醒，因为每天早晨六点钟火车都要从我的房子旁边经过。couldnt“不能够;不可以”；mustnt“禁止;绝对不可”；shouldnt“不应该”；neednt“不必;不需要”。7. (2012天津)Its quite warm here; we _ turn the heating on yet.A. couldntB. mustntC. needntD. wouldnt答案 C解析 句意：这里现在很暖和，我们还没有必要打开供暖设备。couldnt“不能”;must

19、nt“禁止;不许”；neednt“不必”；wouldnt“不愿;不想”。8. (2012四川)I got close enough to hear them speaking Chinese, and I said “Ni Hao,” just as I _ do in China.A. mustB. mightC. canD. should答案 B解析 句意：我走近了，听见他们在说汉语。然后我就以在中国可能的打招呼方式说了声“你好”。might表示可能性。must“必须;偏要”；can“能够;可能”；should“应该”，均不符合句意。9. (2011新课标全国)They _ have ar

20、rived at lunch-time but their flight was delayed.A. willB. canC. mustD. should答案 D解析 句意：他们本应该在午饭时间就到达的，但是他们的航班被耽搁了。will have done表示将来完成时，与题意不符；can have done一般用于否定与疑问的推测，可以排除；must have done表示对过去发生事情的肯定推测，意为“肯定 / 必定做过某事”，也与句意不符；should have done表示“过去应该做某事(而实际上未做)”，符合句意。10. (2011天津)I _ sooner but I didn

21、t know that they were waiting for me.A. had comeB. was comingC. would comeD. would have come答案 D解析 句意：我本该早点儿来的，但我不知道当时他们正在等我。根据“didnt”一词可知该句是对过去事实相反的虚拟，故主句用would have done形式。11. (2011浙江) Hows your new babysitter? We _ ask for a better one. All our kids love her so much.A. shouldB. mightC. mustntD. c

22、ouldnt答案 D解析 句意：你们的新保姆怎么样?我们找不到更好的了，我们所有的孩子都那么喜欢她。根据后置语境All our kids love her so much.可知，前面的句子应表示肯定意义，又由于句中出现了better这一比较级的单词，所以空格处用否定形式，构成“形容词的比较级用于否定句中表示最高级含义”的情形。mustnt表示“禁止，不许”；couldnt表示“不可能”，所以D项意义正确。12. (2011辽宁)If you _ go, at least wait until the storm is over.A. canB. mayC. mustD. will答案 C解析

23、句意：如果你一定要走，至少也要等暴风雨停了再走。must表示“一定;必须”符合语境。其他选项语气较弱，均不符合句子中有暴风雨却必须要走的语气。13. (2011北京) I dont really like James. Why did you invite him? Dont worry. He _ come. He said he wasnt certain what his plans were.A. must notB. need notC. would notD. might not答案 D解析 句意：我不太喜欢詹姆斯。你为什么邀请了他?别担心。他或许不来，他说他对他的安排不确定。根据

24、答语“Dont worry.”可知，此处应该表示“或许不来”。must not“禁止”；need not“没必要”；would not意义、时态与语境不符；might not“或许不”，符合语境。14. (2011陕西) Will you read me a story, Mummy? OK. You _ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.A. mightB. mustC. couldD. shall答案 D解析 句意：妈妈，你能给我读个故事吗?好的。如果你尽快上床睡觉你就会听到一个故事。shall用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对

25、方命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。此处 shall表示“允诺”。15. (2011重庆) Why didnt you come to Simons party last night? I wanted to, but my mom simply _ not let me out so late at night. A. couldB. mightC. wouldD. should答案 C解析 句意：昨天晚上你为什么不来参加西蒙的晚会呢?我想来，但是我母亲就是不愿意让我在晚上那么晚出去。could“能”；might“或许”；would“愿意”；should“应该”。答语中“我想来”，用but表转折，在

26、此表明母亲的态度：不愿意我晚上那么晚出去。故此处应选would，与not连用，表示“不愿意”。16. (2011大纲全国)If you _ smoke, please go outside.A. canB. shouldC. mustD. may答案 C解析 句意：如果你一定要吸烟，请到外面去。if you must do sth.“如果你一定要(非要)做某事”(表示虽不赞同，但允许)，为习惯用语。17. (2011四川)The police still havent found the lost child, but theyre doing all they _.A. canB. mayC

27、. mustD. should答案 A解析 句意：警察仍然没有找到那个走失的孩子，但是他们在尽全力。all之后的they can作为定语从句修饰先行词all，其定语从句引导词that已被省略。从句中can表示“能够”，符合句意。may“可能”；must“一定”；should“应该”，均不符合语境。18. (2010全国卷)Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon.A. cantB. neednt C. may notD. will not答案 A解析 句意：耐心一点儿，你不能期望世界变化如此快。cant在否定句中可以表示

28、推测，意为“不可能”，可以表示能力，意为“不能够”，也可以表示命令，意为“不允许”，但是语气比mustnt弱，具有劝慰的意思，根据句意此题中选择A，cant表示劝慰。19. (2010江苏) I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.A. couldB. shallC. mustD. may答案 B解析 shall在第二人称中表示允诺，还可以表示强制，命令，威胁，警告。还有在法律条文中的要求或规定。

29、20. (2010安徽)Jack described his father, who _ a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.A. would beB. would have beenC. must beD. must have been答案 D解析 根据“many years ago”可知是对过去事情的推测。must have done“过去一定”。21. (2010北京) Good morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Departm

30、ent. Ah, good morning. You _ be Mrs. Peters.A. mightB. must C. wouldD. can答案 B解析 第一个说话人说和史密斯小姐有约，那下面的人就回应说，“那您一定就是Mrs. Peters了”, 故选择must。22. (2010湖南)You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. mustB. mustntC. have toD. dont have to答案 D解析 句意：你没有必要买礼物，但如果你想买的话，你也可以买。 dont have to 意为“没有必要”，符合语境。 F模

31、拟预测1. (2013连云港模拟) What is the news about? According to the new law, people who are guilty of drunken driving _ face a fine of up to 2 000 yuan.A. willB. mayC. shallD. can答案 C解析 考查情态动词。根据句意可知酒后驾车的人必须面临多达2 000元的罚款。此处的shall表示法律规定。2. (2013哈尔滨模拟)It _ have been her to leave her child alone. She isnt such

32、a person.A. couldntB. mustntC. mightntD. wouldnt答案 A解析 考查情态动词。句意：不可能是她把孩子一个人扔下的，她不是这样的人。此处用couldnt have done表示对过去情况的否定推测，即A项正确。3. (2013邢台模拟) Daddy, can you buy me a new MP3 player when you go to Beijing? You _ get one if you are admitted to a key middle school.A. could B. shall C. mayD. can答案 B解析 考查

33、情态动词。答语句意：如果你被重点中学录取的话，你将会得到一个MP3。此句中shall表示承诺。4. (2013廊坊模拟)John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a late hour?A. Must B. CanC. MayD. Need答案 A解析 考查情态动词。根据look at the time和at such a late hour可知现在时间已经很晚了，约翰还在弹钢琴，于是问约翰，“你偏要在这么晚弹钢琴吗?”。must“非要；偏要”。5. (2013长沙模拟)People feel shocked that a uni

34、versity student _ do that to a woman. A. must B. mayC. canD. should答案 D解析 考查情态动词。此句中的should表示“竟然;居然”，说明出乎意料。6. (2013吉林模拟) The work will take me another week. Im really tired. I think you _ as well consult an experienced worker. A. mayB. canC. needD. must答案 A解析 考查情态动词。may as well意思为“不妨”，为固定搭配。7. (201

35、3洛阳模拟) He should have come to join in the thorough cleaning. He _, I think. Its not his turn. A. neednt have toB. neednt haveC. didnt have toD. doesnt need to答案 C解析 考查情态动词。因为还没轮到他参加大扫除，所以他没有必要参加大扫除，故C项正确，相当于didnt need。8. (2013江苏南通二次调研)Its too bad that my computer has got a new virus. If only I _ tha

36、t programme!A. didnt runB. havent runC. hadnt runD. wouldnt run答案 C解析 句意：真糟糕我的计算机染上了新病毒。要是我不打开那个程序就好了!if only“要是的话就好了”，用虚拟语气，根据句意可知是与过去事实相反，所以用hadnt run。9. (2013西安五大名校一模) Mum, would you please buy me an MP5 player? If you can help do some housework the whole vacation, you _ have one as a reward.A. m

37、ustB. need C. would D. shall答案 D解析 句意：妈妈，你能给我买一个MP5吗?如果整个假期你能帮着做家务的话，你可以得到一个(MP5)作为奖励。shall此处表“允诺”,must“必须”；need“需要”；would“愿意”，均不符合语境。10. (2013天津和平区一模) Do you know where David is? He is not in the office. Well, he _ have gone far his coats still here.A. shouldnt B. mustntC. cant D. wouldnt答案 C解析 句意：

38、你知道大卫在哪吗?他不在办公室。噢，他不可能走远他的大衣还在这里呢。cant have done“不可能”，表示对过去情况的推测；shouldnt have done“过去本不该做却做了”；mustnt不能与have done搭配；wouldnt have done用于与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句中。11. (2013太原模拟)The weather turned out to be fine. I _ the trouble to carry the umbrella with me.A. should have taken B. neednt have takenC. mustnt ha

39、ve takenD. could have taken答案 B解析 句意：结果天气不错，我本不必费那么大劲带着雨伞的。根据turned可知是叙述过去的情况，根据语境可知用neednt have done“本不必做却做了”；should have done“本该做却没做”；could have done“本来能够”；C项形式不正确。12. (2013西安八校联考)He that makes himself a sheep _ be eaten by the wolf, as the saying goes.A. shallB. couldC. will D. should答案 A解析 句意：正如

40、谚语所说“人善被人欺”。shall用于陈述句与第三人称连用，表示说话人的意图、警告、命令、允诺、决心等语气。13. (2013安徽江南十校联考)It was so quiet in the classroom that a needle _ to drop onto the floor.A. could hear B. was to be heardC. could have been heardD. must be heard答案 C解析 句意：教室里如此安静以至于都可能听见针掉在地上的声音。根据was及句意可知：此处为推测过去的情况，而could have done“过去可能”；A、D两项

41、表示对现在的推测；B项表示过去将来。14. (2013山东临沂期中) I _ thank you enough for what you have done for me. Youre welcome.A. may not B. will notC. must not D. cannot答案 D解析 句意：你为我所做的一切我感激不尽。别客气。cannot.enough / cannot . too .“再也不为过”，固定搭配。15. (2013江苏南通二次调研) Linda hasnt shown up yet. Its strange. She _.A. could B. mightC. m

42、ust haveD. should have答案 D解析 句意：琳达还没到呢。真奇怪，她应该到了。should have done“过去本该做却没做”；A、B两项表示推测现在的情况；must have done“过去一定；想必”。16. (2013浙江宁波十校联考)What a pity. If I had caught that flight, I _ over the Pacific Ocean now.A. would fly B. would have flownC. would be flying D. were flying答案 C解析 句意：真遗憾。如果我赶上了那趟航班，我现在正在太平洋上空飞行呢。根据句意可知该句用虚拟语气；根据主句中的now可知，主句用与现在事实相反的虚拟语气；根据句意